Article

A study of renal damage in seriously burned patients.

Istituto di Chirurgia Plastica, Università di Padova, Italy.
Burns (impact factor: 1.96). 05/1988; 14(2):107-12. pp.107-12
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) in severely burned patients ranges from 1.3 per cent to 38 per cent and this complication has always been associated with a high mortality rate, of between 73 and 100 per cent. At present the exact mechanisms responsible for the onset of this complication are not well known. In order to elucidate some of these mechanisms, 20 patients with severe burns were studied for 1 year in an attempt to assess the prevailing glomerular or tubular localization of renal damage; the organic or functional pattern of renal damage and the reliability and possible prognostic significance of some renal function indices. These included the fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa), the alpha-glucosidases, the leucine aminopeptidases (LAP) and the serum and urine beta 2-microglobulin. The incidence of ARF in the patients studied was 26 per cent and in all cases it was of polyuric type. We believe that renal damage very often remains undetected when the traditional testing methods are used and that only in some patients does it become severe enough to result in ARF. In contrast, some of the tests considered in our study are extremely useful and reveal an impairment of renal function long before it becomes clinically apparent.

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    Article: Acute kidney injury is common, parallels organ dysfunction or failure, and carries appreciable mortality in patients with major burns: a prospective exploratory cohort study.
    I Steinvall, Z Bak, F Sjoberg
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    ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, time course, and outcome of acute kidney injury after major burns and to evaluate the impact of possible predisposing factors (age, gender, and depth and extent of injury) and the relation to other dysfunctioning organs and sepsis. We performed an explorative cohort study on patients with a TBSA% (percentage burned of total body surface area) of 20% or more who were admitted to a national burn centre. Acute kidney injury was classified according to the international consensus classification of RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease). Prospectively collected clinical and laboratory data were used for assessing organ dysfunction, systemic inflammatory response, and sepsis. The incidence of acute kidney injury among major burns was 0.11 per 100,000 people per year. Of 127 patients, 31 (24%) developed acute kidney injury (12% Risk, 8% Injury, and 5% Failure). Mean age was 40.6 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 36.7 to 44.5), TBSA% was 38.6% (95% CI 35.5% to 41.6%), and 25% were women. Mortality was 14% and increased with increasing RIFLE class (7% normal, 13% Risk, 40% Injury, and 83% Failure). Renal dysfunction occurred within 7 days in 55% of the patients and recovered among all survivors. Age, TBSA%, and extent of full thickness burns were higher among the patients who developed acute kidney injury. Pulmonary dysfunction and systemic inflammatory response syndrome were present in all of the patients with acute kidney injury and developed before the acute kidney injury. Sepsis was a possible aggravating factor in acute kidney injury in 48%. Extensive deep burns (25% or more full thickness burn) increased the risk for developing acute kidney injury early (risk ratio 2.25). Acute kidney injury is common, develops soon after the burn, and parallels other dysfunctioning organs. Although acute kidney injury recovered in all survivors, in higher acute kidney injury groups, together with cardiovascular dysfunction, it correlated with mortality.
    Critical care (London, England) 11/2008; 12(5):R124. · 4.61 Impact Factor
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    Article: Circulating plasma factors induce tubular and glomerular alterations in septic burns patients.
    Filippo Mariano, Vincenzo Cantaluppi, Maurizio Stella, Giuseppe Mauriello Romanazzi, Barbara Assenzio, Monica Cairo, Luigi Biancone, Giorgio Triolo, V Marco Ranieri, Giovanni Camussi
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    ABSTRACT: Severe burn is a systemic illness often complicated by sepsis. Kidney is one of the organs invariably affected, and proteinuria is a constant clinical finding. We studied the relationships between proteinuria and patient outcome, severity of renal dysfunction and systemic inflammatory state in burns patients who developed sepsis-associated acute renal failure (ARF). We then tested the hypothesis that plasma in these patients induces apoptosis and functional alterations that could account for proteinuria and severity of renal dysfunction in tubular cells and podocytes. We studied the correlation between proteinuria and indexes of systemic inflammation or renal function prospectively in 19 severe burns patients with septic shock and ARF, and we evaluated the effect of plasma on apoptosis, polarity and functional alterations in cultured human tubular cells and podocytes. As controls, we collected plasma from 10 burns patients with septic shock but without ARF, 10 burns patients with septic shock and ARF, 10 non-burns patients with septic shock without ARF, 10 chronic uremic patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Septic burns patients with ARF presented a severe proteinuria that correlated to outcome, glomerular (creatinine/urea clearance) and tubular (fractional excretion of sodium and potassium) functional impairment and systemic inflammation (white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts). Plasma from these patients induced a pro-apoptotic effect in tubular cells and podocytes that correlated with the extent of proteinuria. Plasma-induced apoptosis was significantly higher in septic severe burns patients with ARF with respect to those without ARF or with septic shock without burns. Moreover, plasma from septic burns patients induced an alteration of polarity in tubular cells, as well as reduced expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 and of the endocytic receptor megalin. In podocytes, plasma from septic burns patients increased permeability to albumin and decreased the expression of the slit diaphragm protein nephrin. Plasma from burns patients with sepsis-associated ARF contains factors that affect the function and survival of tubular cells and podocytes. These factors are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute tubular injury and proteinuria, which is a negative prognostic factor and an index of renal involvement in the systemic inflammatory reaction.
    Critical care (London, England) 02/2008; 12(2):R42. · 4.61 Impact Factor
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Keywords

1 year
 
20 patients
 
acute renal failure
 
alpha-glucosidases
 
ARF
 
cases
 
cent
 
fractional excretion
 
functional pattern
 
mortality rate
 
organic
 
possible prognostic significance
 
prevailing glomerular
 
renal damage
 
renal function
 
renal function indices
 
severe burns
 
sodium
 
traditional testing methods
 
tubular localization