Article
Urinary excretion of cocaine and benzoylecgonine following oral ingestion in a single subject.
Journal of analytical toxicology (Impact Factor: 2.11). 03/1987; 11(2):81-2. DOI: 10.1093/jat/11.2.81
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ABSTRACT: The possibility of exposure to cocaine as a result of analyzing it or handling material contaminated by it has been a major concern of laboratory personnel. Several different work environments and simulated situations were examined to assess the likelihood of this type of exposure occurring. Urine specimens were collected and evaluated for cocaine and benzoylecgonine using the Syva ETS System (EMIT). Each specimen was analyzed for the two substances using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Urine specimens of laboratory-management personnel not working with drug samples showed no trace of cocaine or benzoylecgonine. A urinary benzoylecgonine level of 227 ng/mL was found in the specimen from one narcotics criminalist who was working on a routine case of 2 kilos of cocaine hydrochloride in the Narcotics Laboratory. A maximal urinary benzoylecgonine concentration of 1570 ng/mL was determined in the urine specimen from one narcotics criminalist who was sampling a case containing 50 kilos of cocaine hydrochloride over a period of 3 h. Decreasing the levels of airborne cocaine dust appears to minimize the amount of cocaine absorbed by the criminalists. Gloves, face masks, and goggles prove to be effective in minimizing exposure.Journal of Forensic Sciences 08/1992; 37(4):959-68. · 1.24 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) has been evaluated for fast screening of drugs of abuse with mass spectrometric detection. In this study, C8 (octyl-silica, useful for nonpolar to moderately polar compounds), ENV(+) (hydroxylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, for extraction of aliphatic and aromatic polar compounds), Oasis MCX (sulfonic-poly(divinylbenzene-co-N-polyvinyl-pyrrolidone) copolymer), and Clean Screen DAU (mixed mode, ion exchanger for acidic and basic compounds) were used as sorbents for the MEPS. The focus was on fast extraction and preconcentration of the drugs with rapid analysis using a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer as the detector with direct analysis in a real-time (DART) source. The combination of an analysis time of less than 1 min and accurate mass of the first monoisotopic peak of the analyte and the relative abundances of the peaks in the isotopic clusters provided reliable information for identification. Furthermore, the study sought to demonstrate that it is possible to quantify the analyte of interest using a DART source when an internal standard is used. Of all the sorbents used in the study, Clean Screen DAU performed best for extraction of the analytes from urine. Using Clean Screen DAU to extract spiked samples containing the drugs, linearity was demonstrated for ecgonine methyl ester, benzoylecgonine, cocaine, and cocaethylene with average ranges of: 65-910, 75-1100, 95-1200, and 75-1100 ng/mL (n = 5), respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) for ecgonine methyl ester, benzoylecgonine, cocaine, and cocaethylene were 22.9 ng/mL, 23.7 ng/mL, 4.0 ng/mL, and 9.8 ng/mL respectively, using a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 04/2009; 20(5):891-9. · 3.59 Impact Factor - Forensic Science Review. 01/1995; 7(2):77-101.
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