Article

# Orbital dynamics of three-dimensional bars: II. Investigation of the parameter space

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (Impact Factor: 5.52). 01/2002; DOI:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05469.x
Source: arXiv

ABSTRACT We investigate the orbital structure in a class of 3D models of barred galaxies. We consider different values of the pattern speed, of the strength of the bar and of the parameters of the central bulge of the galactic model. The morphology of the stable orbits in the bar region is associated with the degree of folding of the x1-characteristic. This folding is larger for lower values of the pattern speed. The elongation of rectangular-like orbits belonging to x1 and to x1-originated families depends mainly on the pattern speed. The detailed investigation of the trees of bifurcating families in the various models shows that major building blocks of 3D bars can be supplied by families initially introduced as unstable in the system, but becoming stable at another energy interval. In some models without radial and vertical 2:1 resonances we find, except for the x1 and x1-originated families, also families related to the z-axis orbits, which support the bar. Bifurcations of the x2 family can build a secondary 3D bar along the minor axis of the main bar. This is favoured in the slow rotating bar case. Comment: 11 pages, 20 figures, 1 table, to appear in MNRAS

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##### Article: Orbital dynamics of three-dimensional bars: I. The backbone of 3D bars. A fiducial case
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ABSTRACT: In this series of papers we investigate the orbital structure of 3D models representing barred galaxies. In the present introductory paper we use a fiducial case to describe all families of periodic orbits that may play a role in the morphology of three-dimensional bars. We show that, in a 3D bar, the backbone of the orbital structure is not just the x1 family, as in 2D models, but a tree of 2D and 3D families bifurcating from x1. Besides the main tree we have also found another group of families of lesser importance around the radial 3:1 resonance. The families of this group bifurcate from x1 and influence the dynamics of the system only locally. We also find that 3D orbits elongated along the bar minor axis can be formed by bifurcations of the planar x2 family. They can support 3D bar-like structures along the minor axis of the main bar. Banana-like orbits around the stable Lagrangian points build a forest of 2D and 3D families as well. The importance of the 3D x1-tree families at the outer parts of the bar depends critically on whether they are introduced in the system as bifurcations in $z$ or in $\dot{z}$. Comment: 16 pages, 22 figures, 3 tables, to appear in MNRAS
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 01/2002; · 5.52 Impact Factor
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##### Article: Retrograde closed orbits in a rotating triaxial potential
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ABSTRACT: Four closed periodic orbit sequences are determined numerically, and their stability is investigated by the standard Floquet method, for the case of a specific, triaxial rotating potential. The sequences comprise (1) stable anomalous orbits that are tipped to the long axis which they circle, so that they also circle the short rotation axis, (2) unstable, anomalous orbits circling the intermediate axis, otherwise behaving like (1), (3) stable, normal retrograde orbits lying in the equatorial plane, which become unstable against perpendicular perturbations in Binney's instability strip, and (4) Z-axis orbits lying on the rotation axis, which, although stable in their inner section, become unstable to perturbations parallel to the intermediate axis farther out, and to the long axis farther out still. The entire set contains one composite sequence which is stable over the entire energy range, consisting of the outer section of the normal retrograde orbits, the sequence of the anomalous orbits, and the inner section of the Z-axis orbits. It is suggested that the composite sequence may be relevant to the dynamics of gas masses captured by rotating triaxial galaxies.
The Astrophysical Journal 06/1982; 258:490-498. · 6.73 Impact Factor
• ##### Article: Simple three-dimensional periodic orbits in a galactic-type potential
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ABSTRACT: We study the families of simple periodic orbits in a three-dimensional system that represents the inner parts of a perturbed triaxial galaxy. The perturbations depend on two control parameters. We find the regions where each family is stable, simply unstable, doubly unstable, or complex unstable. the stable and simply unstable families produce other families by bifurcation. Several families reach a maximum (or minimum) perturbation and then are continued by other families. The bifurcations are direct or inverse. The transition from one type of bifurcation to the other is theoretically explained. Another important phenomenon is the splitting of one family into two, or the joining of two families into one. We do not have any complex instability in the limiting cases of two-dimensional motions (when one control parameter is zero).The two main families of periodic orbits are in most cases stable when the energy is smaller than the escape energy. Most high energy orbits are unstable. However, we found stable orbits even for energies about four times larger than the escape energy.
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 11/1985; 37(4):387-414. · 2.32 Impact Factor