Article

Isolation and analysis of functional homologues of the secretion-related SAR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei.

Department of Molecular Genetics and Gene Technology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.
MGG - Molecular and General Genetics 11/1997; 256(4):446-55.
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei genes encoding the functional homologues of the small GTP-binding protein SAR1p, which is involved in the secretion pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been cloned and characterised. The A. niger gene (sarA) contains five introns, whereas the T. reesei gene (sar1) has only four. In both cases the first intron is at the same position as the single S. cerevisiae SAR1 intron. The encoded proteins show 70-80% identity to the SAR1 protein. Complementation of S. cerevisiae sar1 and sec12 mutants by expression vectors carrying the A. niger sarA and T. reesei sar1 cDNA clones confirmed that the cloned genes are functional homologues of the S. cerevisiae SAR1 gene. Three mutant alleles of the A. niger sarA gene (D29G, E109K, D29G/E109K), generated by site-directed mutagenesis, revealed a thermosensitive dominant-negative phenotype in the presence of the wild-type sarA allele. This result contrasts with the situation in S. cerevisiae, where similar mutations have a thermosensitive phenotype. Taken together, our results indicate that the sarA gene is involved in an essential function in A. niger.

0 0
 · 
0 Bookmarks
 · 
16 Views
  • Source
    Article: Characterization of the protein processing and secretion pathways in a comprehensive set of expressed sequence tags from Trichoderma reesei.
    S E Diener, N Dunn-Coleman, P Foreman, T D Houfek, P J M Teunissen, P van Solingen, L Dankmeyer, T K Mitchell, M Ward, R A Dean
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Trichoderma reesei is a filamentous fungus widely used as an efficient protein producer and known to secrete large quantities of biomass degrading enzymes. Much work has been done aimed at improving the secretion efficiency of this fungus. It is generally accepted that the major bottlenecks in secretion are protein folding and ornamentation steps in this pathway. In an attempt to identify genes involved in these steps, the 5' ends of 21888 cDNA clones were sequenced from which a unique set of over 5000 were also 3' sequenced. Using annotation tools Gene Ontology terms were assigned to 2732 of the sequences. Homologs to the majority of Aspergillus niger's Srg genes as well as a number of homologs to genes involved in protein folding and ornamentation pathways were identified.
    FEMS Microbiology Letters 02/2004; 230(2):275-82. · 2.04 Impact Factor
  • Source
    Article: Characterization of secretory genes ypt1/yptA and nsf1/nsfA from two filamentous fungi: induction of secretory pathway genes of Trichoderma reesei under secretion stress conditions.
    Markku Saloheimo, Huaming Wang, Mari Valkonen, Tuija Vasara, Anne Huuskonen, Marjukka Riikonen, Tiina Pakula, Michael Ward, Merja Penttilä
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Two genes involved in protein secretion, encoding the Rab protein YPT1/YPTA and the general fusion factor NSFI/NSFA, were characterized from two filamentous fungi, Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger var. awamori. The isolated genes showed a high level of conservation with their Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian counterparts, and T. reesei ypt1 was shown to complement yeast Ypt1p depletion. The transcriptional regulation of the T. reesei ypt1, nsf1, and sar1 genes, involved in protein trafficking, was studied with mycelia treated with the folding inhibitor dithiothreitol (DTT) and with brefeldin A, which inhibits membrane traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. The well-known inducer of the yeast and T. reesei unfolded protein response (UPR), DTT, induced the nsf1 gene and the protein disulfide isomerase gene, pdi1, in both of the experiments, and sar1 mRNA increased in only one experiment under strong UPR induction. The ypt1 mRNA did not show a clear increase during DTT treatment. Brefeldin A strongly induced pdi1 and all of the intracellular trafficking genes studied. These results suggest the possibility that the whole secretory pathway of T. reesei could be induced at the transcriptional level by stress responses caused by protein accumulation in the secretory pathway.
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology 02/2004; 70(1):459-67. · 3.83 Impact Factor
  • Source
    Article: Traffic-independent function of the Sar1p/COPII machinery in proteasomal sorting of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
    Lianwu Fu, Elizabeth Sztul
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Newly synthesized proteins that do not fold correctly in the ER are targeted for ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) through distinct sorting mechanisms; soluble ERAD substrates require ER-Golgi transport and retrieval for degradation, whereas transmembrane ERAD substrates are retained in the ER. Retained transmembrane proteins are often sequestered into specialized ER subdomains, but the relevance of such sequestration to proteasomal degradation has not been explored. We used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a model ERAD substrate, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), to explore whether CFTR is sequestered before degradation, to identify the molecular machinery regulating sequestration, and to analyze the relationship between sequestration and degradation. We report that CFTR is sequestered into ER subdomains containing the chaperone Kar2p, and that sequestration and CFTR degradation are disrupted in sec12ts strain (mutant in guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Sar1p), sec13ts strain (mutant in the Sec13p component of COPII), and sec23ts strain (mutant in the Sec23p component of COPII) grown at restrictive temperature. The function of the Sar1p/COPII machinery in CFTR sequestration and degradation is independent of its role in ER-Golgi traffic. We propose that Sar1p/COPII-mediated sorting of CFTR into ER subdomains is essential for its entry into the proteasomal degradation pathway. These findings reveal a new aspect of the degradative mechanism, and suggest functional crosstalk between the secretory and the degradative pathways.
    The Journal of Cell Biology 02/2003; 160(2):157-63. · 10.26 Impact Factor

Show more

Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.

Keywords

A. niger
 
A. niger gene
 
A. niger sarA
 
A. niger sarA gene
 
Aspergillus niger
 
encoded proteins
 
expression vectors
 
first intron
 
mutant alleles
 
result contrasts
 
S. cerevisiae
 
S. cerevisiae sar1
 
S. cerevisiae SAR1 gene
 
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 
SAR1 protein
 
similar mutations
 
single S. cerevisiae SAR1 intron
 
small GTP-binding protein SAR1p
 
Trichoderma reesei genes encoding
 
wild-type sarA allele