Article

Carbon dioxide uptake efficiency by outdoor microalgal cultures in tubular airlift photobioreactors.

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, E-04071 Almería, Spain.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering (impact factor: 3.95). 02/2000; 67(4):465-75. pp.465-75
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The influence of solar irradiance and carbon dioxide molar fraction of injected CO(2)-air mixtures on the behavior of outdoor continuous cultures of the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum in tubular airlift photobioreactors was analyzed. Instantaneous solar irradiance, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, biomass concentration, and the mass flow rates of both the inlet and outlet oxygen and carbon with both the liquid and gas phases were measured. In addition, elemental analysis of the biomass and the cell-free culture medium was performed. The oxygen production rate and carbon dioxide consumption rate increased hyperbolically with the incident solar irradiance on the reactor surface. Carbon losses showed a negative correlation with the daily variation of the carbon dioxide consumption rate. The maximum CO(2) uptake efficiency was 63% of the CO(2) supplied when the CO(2) concentration in the gas supplied was 60% v/v. Carbon losses were >100% during the night, due to CO(2) production by respiration, and hyperbolically decreased to values of 10% to 20% in the midday hours. An increase in the carbon fixed in the biomass with the solar cycle was observed. A slight daily decrease of carbon content of the cell-free culture medium indicated the existence of carbon accumulation in the culture. A decrease in CO(2) molar fraction in the injected gas had a double benefit: first, the biomass productivity of the system was enhanced from 2.05 to 2.47 g L(-1) day(-1) by reduction of CO(2) inhibition and/or pH gradients; and second, the carbon losses during the daylight period were reduced by 60%. The fluid dynamics in the reactor also influenced the carbon losses: the higher the liquid flow rate the higher the carbon losses. By using a previous mass transfer model the experimental results were simulated and the usefulness of this method in the evaluation and scale-up of tubular photobioreactors was established.

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Keywords

biomass concentration
 
carbon dioxide consumption rate
 
Carbon losses
 
cell-free culture medium
 
daylight period
 
elemental analysis
 
incident solar irradiance
 
injected gas
 
liquid flow rate
 
mass flow rates
 
maximum CO(2)
 
microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum
 
outdoor continuous cultures
 
outlet oxygen
 
oxygen production rate
 
previous mass transfer model
 
reactor surface
 
solar cycle
 
tubular airlift photobioreactors
 
tubular photobioreactors