Article
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPargamma) as a novel target for prostate cancer.
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
Investigational New Drugs (impact factor:
3.36).
06/2002;
20(2):195-200.
pp.195-200
Source: PubMed
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Citations (0)
- Cited In (2)
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Article: Gamma (gamma) tocopherol upregulates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma (gamma) expression in SW 480 human colon cancer cell lines.
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ABSTRACT: Tocopherols are lipid soluble antioxidants that exist as eight structurally different isoforms. The intake of gamma-tocopherol is higher than alpha-tocopherol in the average US diet. The clinical results of the effects of vitamin E as a cancer preventive agent have been inconsistent. All published clinical trials with vitamin E have used alpha-tocopherol. Recent epidemiological, experimental and molecular studies suggest that gamma-tocopherol may be a more potent chemopreventive form of vitamin E compared to the more-studied alpha-tocopherol. Gamma-tocopherol exhibits differences in its ability to detoxify nitrogen dioxide, growth inhibitory effects on selected cancer cell lines, inhibition of neoplastic transformation in embryonic fibroblasts, and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in macrophages and epithelial cells. Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a promising molecular target for colon cancer prevention. Upregulation of PPARgamma activity is anticarcinogenic through its effects on downstream genes that affect cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The thiazolidine class of drugs are powerful PPARgamma ligands. Vitamin E has structural similarity to the thiazolidine, troglitazone. In this investigation, we tested the effects of both alpha and gamma tocopherol on the expression of PPARgamma mRNA and protein in SW 480 colon cancer cell lines. We also measured the intracellular concentrations of vitamin E in SW 480 colon cancer cell lines. We have discovered that the alpha and gamma isoforms of vitamin E upregulate PPARgamma mRNA and protein expression in the SW480 colon cancer cell lines. gamma-Tocopherol is a better modulator of PPARgamma expression than alpha-tocopherol at the concentrations tested. Intracellular concentrations increased as the vitamin E concentration added to the media was increased. Further, gamma-tocopherol-treated cells have higher intracellular tocopherol concentrations than those treated with the same concentrations of alpha-tocopherol. Our data suggest that both alpha and gamma tocopherol can upregulate the expression of PPARgamma which is considered an important molecular target for colon cancer chemoprevention. We show that the expression of PPARgamma mRNA and protein are increased and these effects are more pronounced with gamma-tocopherol. Gamma-tocopherol's ability to upregulate PPARgamma expression and achieve higher intracellular concentrations in the colonic tissue may be relevant to colon cancer prevention. We also show that the intracellular concentrations of gamma-tocopherol are several fold higher than alpha-tocopherol. Further work on other colon cancer cell lines are required to quantitate differences in the ability of these forms of vitamin E to induce apoptosis, suppress cell proliferation and act as PPAR ligands as well as determine their effects in conjunction with other chemopreventive agents. Upregulation of PPARgamma by the tocopherols and in particular by gamma-tocopherol may have relevance not only to cancer prevention but also to the management of inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders.BMC Cancer 11/2003; 3:25. · 3.01 Impact Factor -
Article: Functional annotation of novel lineage-specific genes using co-expression and promoter analysis.
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ABSTRACT: The diversity of placental architectures within and among mammalian orders is believed to be the result of adaptive evolution. Although, the genetic basis for these differences is unknown, some may arise from rapidly diverging and lineage-specific genes. Previously, we identified 91 novel lineage-specific transcripts (LSTs) from a cow term-placenta cDNA library, which are excellent candidates for adaptive placental functions acquired by the ruminant lineage. The aim of the present study was to infer functions of previously uncharacterized lineage-specific genes (LSGs) using co-expression, promoter, pathway and network analysis. Clusters of co-expressed genes preferentially expressed in liver, placenta and thymus were found using 49 previously uncharacterized LSTs as seeds. Over-represented composite transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in promoters of clustered LSGs and known genes were then identified computationally. Functions were inferred for nine previously uncharacterized LSGs using co-expression analysis and pathway analysis tools. Our results predict that these LSGs may function in cell signaling, glycerophospholipid/fatty acid metabolism, protein trafficking, regulatory processes in the nucleus, and processes that initiate parturition and immune system development. The placenta is a rich source of lineage-specific genes that function in the adaptive evolution of placental architecture and functions. We have shown that co-expression, promoter, and gene network analyses are useful methods to infer functions of LSGs with heretofore unknown functions. Our results indicate that many LSGs are involved in cellular recognition and developmental processes. Furthermore, they provide guidance for experimental approaches to validate the functions of LSGs and to study their evolution.BMC Genomics 03/2010; 11:161. · 4.07 Impact Factor
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Keywords
adipocyte differentiation
adipose tissue
human malignancies
ligand-activated transcription factors
novel therapeutic target
nuclear receptor superfamily
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma
prostate cancer
prostate carcinogenesis
Recent studies