Article
Specific targeting of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase recognition sites. Rational design of novel, selective, and highly potent cholinesterase inhibitors.
Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (impact factor:
5.25).
02/2003;
46(1):1-4.
DOI:10.1021/jm0255668
pp.1-4
Source: PubMed
-
Citations (0)
- Cited In (6)
-
Article: Bivalent ligands derived from Huperzine A as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The naturally occurring alkaloid Huperzine A (HupA) is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor that has been used for centuries as a Chinese folk medicine in the context of its source plant Huperzia Serrata. The potency and relative safety of HupA rendered it a promising drug for the ameliorative treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) vis-à-vis the "cholinergic hypothesis" that attributes the cognitive decrements associated with AD to acetylcholine deficiency in the brain. However, recent evidence supports a neuroprotective role for HupA, suggesting that it could act as more than a mere palliative. Biochemical and crystallographic studies of AChE revealed two potential binding sites in the active-site gorge of AChE, one of which, the "peripheral anionic site" at the mouth of the gorge, was implicated in promoting aggregation of the beta amyloid (Abeta) peptide responsible for the neurodegenerative process in AD. This feature of AChE facilitated the development of dual-site binding HupA-based bivalent ligands, in hopes of concomitantly increasing AChE inhibition potency by utilizing the "chelate effect", and protecting neurons from Abeta toxicity. Crystal structures of AChE allowed detailed modeling and docking studies that were instrumental in enhancing the understanding of underlying principles of bivalent inhibitor-enzyme dynamics. This monograph reviews two categories of HupA-based bivalent ligands, in which HupA and HupA fragments serve as building blocks, with a focus on the recently solved crystallographic structures of Torpedo californica AChE in complex with such bifunctional agents. The advantages and drawbacks of such structured-based drug design, as well as species differences, are highlighted and discussed.Current topics in medicinal chemistry 02/2007; 7(4):375-87. · 4.47 Impact Factor -
Article: Tacrine-based dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as potential disease-modifying anti-Alzheimer drug candidates.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Two novel families of dual binding site acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have been developed, consisting of a tacrine or 6-chlorotacrine unit as the active site interacting moiety, either the 5,6-dimethoxy-2-[(4-piperidinyl)methyl]-1-indanone fragment of donepezil (or the indane derivative thereof) or a 5-phenylpyrano[3,2-c]quinoline system, reminiscent to the tryciclic core of propidium, as the peripheral site interacting unit, and a linker of suitable length as to allow the simultaneous binding at both sites. These hybrid compounds are all potent and selective inhibitors of human AChE, and more interestingly, are able to interfere in vitro both formation and aggregation of the beta-amyloid peptide, the latter effects endowing these compounds with the potential to modify Alzheimer's disease progression.Chemico-biological interactions 02/2010; 187(1-3):411-5. · 2.46 Impact Factor -
Article: Pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-6-chlorotacrine hybrids as a novel family of acetylcholinesterase- and beta-amyloid-directed anti-Alzheimer compounds.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Two isomeric series of dual binding site acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have been designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to inhibit AChE, butyrylcholinesterase, AChE-induced and self-induced beta-amyloid (Abeta) aggregation, and beta-secretase (BACE-1) and to cross blood-brain barrier. The new hybrids consist of a unit of 6-chlorotacrine and a multicomponent reaction-derived pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline scaffold as the active-site and peripheral-site interacting moieties, respectively, connected through an oligomethylene linker containing an amido group at variable position. Indeed, molecular modeling and kinetic studies have confirmed the dual site binding of these compounds. The new hybrids, and particularly 27, retain the potent and selective human AChE inhibitory activity of the parent 6-chlorotacrine while exhibiting a significant in vitro inhibitory activity toward the AChE-induced and self-induced Abeta aggregation and toward BACE-1, as well as ability to enter the central nervous system, which makes them promising anti-Alzheimer lead compounds.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 09/2009; 52(17):5365-79. · 4.80 Impact Factor
Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual
current impact factor.
Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence
agreement may be applicable.
Keywords
active site gorge
BuChE active site gorges
extra sites
homobivalent ligands
nitrogen-bridged atom
selective cholinesterase inhibitors
sulfur-containing 3h validated
two enzymes
