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Answer added in Geoinformatics9 GRASS easy learning recommendationsLoad All data (raster and vector) with the same EPSG codes. Administrator Of Layer: File / import raster data / common import formats / File (GeoTiFF)... [more]
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Answer added in Geoinformatics6 How to insert data into raster and vector data in GRASS?Administrator Of Layer: File / import vector data / common import formats / File (esri Shapefile) Scripts in command console: v.in.ogr dsn=/media/Vizo... [more]
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Answer added in Geoinformatics6 How to insert data into raster and vector data in GRASS?Load All data (raster and vector) with the same EPSG codes. Administrator Of Layer: File / import raster data / common import formats / File (GeoTiFF... [more]
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Chapter: Changes in abundances of parasitoids (Hymenoptera) and others arthropods (Araneae) in managed compared unmanaged native rainforests.
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ABSTRACT: The effects of forest-management activities on biodiversity (ecological indicators) and the integrated all effects in one essential element, the flux of water were studied. An important subject of study are the integrated terrestrial key species on biodiversity and flux of water run-off to the watersheds. The native temperate rainforests of southern Chile represent an important reserve of temperate forests and fresh water of the world, and support fundamental ecosystem services such as soil protection, biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and water quantity and quality control. The watersheds of the rainforest have dominant woody species providing much of the habitat, structure, and resource base for the associated biota in woodland systems. Stress agents that impact long-lived woody species will have cascading effects on the associated communities. Parasitoids wasps (certain taxa of parasitic Hymenoptera) are species-rich and likely to be sensitive indicators of environmental changes. Another ecological indicator of sustainable forest management are spiders (Araneae). Both bio-indicators are species suitable as ecological indicators as their biology is sensitive to disturbance effects of management on the processes or functioning of the ecosystem. We considered a priori hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the disturbance and measured qualities of the indicators in other areas or at different places. The study area is in San Pablo de Tregua, a forest reserve of 2,184 ha located at the Andes Range of southern Chile. On the other hand, we used the MapWindow GIS for delineation and verification of limits or boundaries of each watersheds which was instrumentalized.12/2009: pages 65-88; , ISBN: 9789038214788
