Yingkuan Wang

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing · Agricultural Sci-tech Information Center

Research skills

  • Technical
    Senior Engineer and Associate Research Professor, Editor-in-Chief of Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal (Jan.8, 2010-Dec.31, 2011, Executive Editor-in-Chief of International Agricultural Engineering Journal (Mar.1, Managing Editor of International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (Jan 1, 2008—Now, Associate Editor-in-Chief of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, RESEARCH EXPERIENCE/EXPERTISE,  Agricultural mechanization and automation,  Agricultural products processing machine,  Agro-product and food processing engineering,  Nondestructive measurement technologies for fruit and vegetable,  Traceability system for quality safety of agro-products and foods,  Computer vision and image processing,  Artificial Neural Networks, Expert System,  Renewable energy policies and technologies,  Biomass energy resources including biogas, bio-diesel, Bioethanol, Biofuel,  Open access journal publishing,  Editing and publishing,  Scholarly communication through internet, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture.
  • Other
    INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE, 1994 Taking part in productive practice of fieldwork on a big PLA-reclaimed farm for three months, 1995 Worked in Baoji Farm Machinery Administration for three months, designed a 4YW-1 type small ear-corn harvester in cooperation with the engineers there, 1996 As academic adviser of a 30-collegian class graduated in 1997 to participate productive practice in Xi’an Combine Factory, 1995-1997 As a part-time technician, worked in Yangling Tiangong Industry Co, Ltd (former Yangling Huibin Metal Panel Factory, 1997 As interpreter for senior officials from UNDI to pay a business visit to Northwest Agricultural University (NWAU) and Baoji City to make an on-the-spot investigation of rural energy, energy conservation and emission reduction, 1998-2003 As a part-time translator working in over six translation companies in Beijing

Research interests

  • Interests
    Open Access, Open Access Publishing, Scholarly Communication, Scientific Publishing, editing and publishing

Education

  • Sep 2003–
    Feb 2007
    Peking University
    open access and online scholarly communication · Ph.D
    China · Beijing
  • Sep 1991–
    Jul 1998
    Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University
    Agricultural mechanization · Bachelor's & Master's Degree
    China · Xi'an

Other

  • Other Interests
    PUBLICATIONS

    DISSERTATIONS
    1. Wang Yingkuan. Optimized design of a 4YW-1 small ear-corn harvester. BEng thesis. Yangling: Northwest Agricultural University, 1995.
    2. Wang Yingkuan. Study on hydromechanical continuously variable transmission for tractors. MEng thesis. Yangling: Northwest Agricultural University, 1998.
    3. Wang Yingkuan. Open access publishing of scientific scholarly journals in China. PhD dissertation. Beijing: Peking University, 2006.


    REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES

    I. Papers in Agricultural Engineering

    1. Wang Yingkuan, Chen Jun, Bai Youren. Study on hydromechanical continuously variable transmission for tractors. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (CSAE), 2000, 16(2):75-79.
    2. Chen Jun, Shi Shuaibing, Wang Yingkuan. A study on the effect of cylinder-piston group wearing down on the performance of diesel engine. Acta Universitis Agriculturalis Boreali-occidentalis, 1998, 26(6): 66-69.
    3. Wang Yingkuan. Characteristics of research notes published in scientific scholarly journals and their writing norms. Transactions of the CSAE, 2005, 21(10): 160-163. (in Chinese with English abstract).
    4. Pu Yingyan, Wang Yingkuan, Yue Tianli, Gao Zhenpeng, Yuan Yahong. Construction of traceability system for quality safety of apple and apple juice[J].Transactions of the CSAE, 2008, 24(Supp.2): 289-292. (in Chinese with English abstract, Indexed by EI)
    5. Pu Yingyan, Gao Zhenpeng, Yue Tianli, Yuan Yahong, Wang Yingkuan. System and countermeasures for safety supervision on apple and apple juice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008, 24(11):122-126.
    6. Pu Yingyan, Gao Zhenpeng, Yue Tianli, Yuan Yahong, Wang Yingkuan. Negative externalities in production of apple-apple juice[J]. Food Science, 2008, 29(10): 672-675.
    7. Wang Yingkuan. Introductory remark on a special subject of milk industry. Agricultural Engineering Technology: Agricultural Product Processing, 2007, (8): 1.
    8. Zhou Changji, Wang Yingkuan. Modern greenhouses and their performances used in China (in English). Transactions of the CSAE, 2001, 17 (1):16-21.
    9. Li Changsheng, Wang Yingkuan. Research on technology of swine manure treatment on intensive scaled swine farms (in English). Transactions of the CSAE, 2001, 17 (1): 86-90.
    10. Pu Yingyan, Wang Yingkuan. Case analysis of the backward state of urbanization in Shaanxi Province. Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute, 2000, 9 (3): 36-41.
    11. Pu Yingyan, Wang Yingkuan. Relationship between economics of scale of livestock & poultry breeding and quality of livestock & poultry products. Transactions of the CSAE, 2001, 17(Supp): 26-30. (in Chinese with English abstract, Indexed by EI). Full-text reprint by another Chinese Core Journal China Poultry in 2002(20).
    12. Pu Yingyan, Liu Qiaorong, Wang Yingkuan. Economic effects of renewable energy resources and countermeasures of developing renewable energy resources in China. Transactions of the CSAE, 2003, 19(Supp): 22-25. (in Chinese with English abstract, Indexed by EI).
    13. Wang Yingkuan, Pu Yingyan. Solar ecological hygiene toilet. Solar Energy, 2001, 20(3): 20-23. (in Chinese)
    14. Wang Yingkuan. Chinese new energy industry has a bright future with heavy burden and long road: Summary of interview with Prof. Zhu Ming, the president of China Association of Rural Energy Industry. Agricultural Engineering Technology: Renewable Energy Industry, 2007, (1): 1-4.
    15. Wang Yingkuan. Analytic study on the developmental potential of Chinese biomass energy industry. Agricultural Engineering Technology: Renewable Energy Industry, 2007, (2): 19-27.
    16. Zhang Baiming, Wang Yingkuan. Broadcast sowing evergreen seeds of renewable energy across China: Exclusive interview with Prof Deng Keyun, Former President of China Association of Rural Energy Industry and Chief Expert of Sino-Dutch Cooperation Project on Renewable Energy. Agricultural Engineering Technology: Renewable Energy Industry, 2007, (2): 10-13.
    17. Wang Yingkuan. Tremendous potential of the developmental of Chinese biomass energy industry. China Information World Magazine (Online version), 2007-09-19.
    18. Wang Yingkuan, Zhang Baiming. Renewable energy industry development like a marathon shoulders heavy responsibilities and needs to persevere: Exclusive interview with Prof. Li Junfeng, Deputy Director General of Energy Research Institute of State Development and Reform Commission. Agricultural Engineering Technology: Renewable Energy Industry, 2007, (4): 1-6.
    19. Wang Yingkuan, Zhang Baiming. Sincere devotion to China rural energy, turning a new page in biomass energy: Exclusive interview with Prof Zhang Bailiang, deputy to National People’s Congress. Agricultural Engineering Technology: Renewable Energy Industry, 2007, (3): 1-7.
    20. Wang Yingkuan. Vigorously developing bio-fuel industry, safeguarding China energy security: Exclusive interview with Prof Wang Shuyang, Director of Biomass Energy Technology Engineering Center, Dean of Mechanical and Electrical College, Northeast Forestry University. Agricultural Engineering Technology: Renewable Energy Industry, 2007, (5): 5-11.
    21. Wang Yingkuan, Zhang Baiming. Dedication to exploration and utilization of biogas, pushing forward the development of biogas industry: Exclusive interview with Prof Li Wenzhe, Chief expert in biomass energy in Heilongjiang Province, Dean of Engineering College of Northeast Agricultural University. Agricultural Engineering Technology: Renewable Energy Industry, 2007, (6): 1-6.
    22. Wei Xiuju, Wang Yingkuan, Wang Liu, Yang Bangjie. Following the frontier and leading the development of agricultural engineering discipline: exploring the development of the Transactions of the CSAE. Transactions of the CSAE, 2006, 22(3): 171-175. (in Chinese with English abstract, Indexed by EI).
    23. Wan Yiqin, Wang Yingkuan, Liu Yuhuan, Lin Xiangyang, Paul Chen, Roger Ruan. Continuous microwave assisted pyrolysis of corn cob for producing bio-oil. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(24):559-564.
    24. Liang Wang, Min Min, Yecong Li, Paul Chen, Yifeng Chen, Yuhuan Liu, Yingkuan Wang, Roger Ruan. Cultivation of Green Algae Chlorella sp. in Different Wastewaters from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2009, November 9, DOI 10.1007/s12010-009-8866-7. (Indexed by SCI with IF= 1.643).
    25. Wan Yiqin, Wang Yingkuan, Lin Xiangyang, Liu Yuyuan, Paul Chen, Li Yecong, Roger Ruan. Experimental investigation on microwave assisted pyrolysis of algae for rapid bio-oil production. Transactions of the CSAE, 2010, 2010, 26(1):295-300. (Indexed by EI).
    26. Paul Chen, Min Min, Yifeng Chen, Liang Wang, Yecong Li, Qin Chen, Chengguang Wang, Yiqin Wan, Xiaoquan Wang, Yanling Cheng, Shaobo Deng, Kevin Hennessy, Xiangyang Lin, Yuhuan Liu, Yingkuan Wang, Blanca Martinez, Roger Ruan. Review of biological and engineering aspects of algae to fuel approach. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2009, 2(4): 1－30.
    27. Wan Yiqin, Li Yuhuan, Wang Yunpu, Roger Ruan, Wang Yingkuan. Research Advances in Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Biomass. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION RESEARCH, 2010, 32(3): 8-15.

    II. Papers in Editing and Publishing

    1. Wang Yingkuan, Wei Xiuju, Pu Yingyan, Liu Xin’ai. Titles and abstracts in English: how to write and translate. Acta Editologica, 2000, 12 (4): 214-217.
    2. Wang Yingkuan, Pu Yingyan. Translation of English titles of figures and tables in sci-tech academic papers. Acta Editologica, 2001, 13(Supp)：24-26.
    3. Cheng Weihong, Ren Shengli, Wang Yingkuan, Fang Mei, Lu Wenru. Questionnaire survey on constructing the website platform for journals sponsored by China Association for Science and Technology. Acta Editologica, 2008, 20(5): 420-422.
    4. Wang Yingkuan, Wei Xiuju. Practical experience in running transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2002, 13(3): 229-241.
    5. Wei Xiuju, Wang Yingkuan. Significance of editorial board in running academic journals. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2001, 12(4): 290- 291.
    6. Wang Yingkuan, Wang Jingui. Ten development trends of China’s periodicals. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2004, 15(6): 713- 717.
    7. Wang Yingkuan. Management strategy for upgrading Chinese sci-tech journals into famous brand. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2005, 16(3): 285-290. (Won the Second Prize of the Second National Excellent Works and Papers in Editology)
    8. Wang Yingkuan, Wang Jingui. Analysis and development strategy of Chinese sci-tech journals' competitive circumstances in facing strong expansion of other media, newspaper, TV and internet-publications. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2005, 16(6):781-786.
    9. Wang Yingkuan, Wang Jingui. Case study of BioMed Central: Open-access journal published on profit-making basis. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2006, 17(3):354-359.
    10. Wang Yingkuan. Models for open access publishing of scientific scholarly journals in China. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2007, 18(5): 755-760.
    11. Cheng Weihong, Ren Shengli, Wang Yingkuan, Fang Mei, Lu Wenru. Status quo of online publication of scientific journals sponsored by China Association for Science and Technology. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2008, 19(3): 359-366.
    12. Cheng Weihong, Ren Shengli, Wang Yingkuan, Fang Mei, Lu Wenru. Status quo of open access publishing of scientific journals sponsored by China Association for Science and Technology. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2008, 19(4): 554-560.
    13. Cheng Weihong, Ren Shengli, Wang Yingkuan, Fang Mei, Lu Wenru. Online publishing of foreign scientific journals: Analysis based on online publishing platforms of international publishers and well-known scientific and technological societies. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2008, 19(6): 948-953.
    14. Cheng Weihong, Ren Shengli, Wang Yingkuan, Fang Mei, Lu Wenru. Online publishing platform of foreign scientific journals. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2009, 20(1):
    15. Wang Yingkuan. Investigative analysis of awareness and recognition of open access journals by Chinese sci-tech circles. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2008, 19(5): 753-762.
    16. Wang Yingkuan, Wang Liu, Peng Mingxi. Investigative analysis of awareness and recognition of open access repositories by Chinese sci-tech circles. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2009, 20(1):
    17. Wang Yingkuan. Open-access journal based on nonprofit mode: PloS case study. Publishing Research, 2006, (5): 59-64.
    18. Wang Yingkuan. Successful experience of American Science Magazine and its apocalypse for Chinese scientific academic periodicals. Publishing Research, 2004, (12): 80-84.
    19. Wang Yingkuan, Wang Jingui, Wang Bo. Research on the function of the academic library in the advanced cultural construction of campus. Journal of Academic Library and Information Science, 2006, (4): 3-6.
    20. Wang Yingkuan. Law and institutional system for promoting open access to scientific literature and information in China. Journal of Academic Libraries, 2008, 26(4): 7-13.
    21. Wang Yingkuan. Effects of protection of the right of spreading information through network on open access to information in China and copyright strategy. Digital Library Forum, 2008, (6): 67-71.
    22.

    BOOKS
    1. Wang Yingkuan, Chang Ruifu, Pu Yingyan, et al. Translated. Marlynne Hopper, Ezzeddine Boutrif. Strengthening national food control systems: Guidelines to assess capacity building needs. FAO, UN. Beijing: Beijing Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2009. ISBN 978-80233-926-2. P148.
    2. Wang Jingui, Wang Jinshan, Wang Yingkuan, Wang Bo, Wang Sufang. 2008. Roles of Classic Literature in Higher Education in the 21st Century. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2008. 238 pages. ISBN No. 978-8-022433-8.

    BOOK CHAPTERS
    1. Cheng Weihong, Ren Shengli, Wang Yingkuan, Fang Mei, Lu Wenru. 2008. Investigation on Chinese scientific journals supervised by CAST. In Developmental Report on Scientific Journals Governed by CAST-2008.Yang Wenzhi, Wang Xiaobin (Eds). Chinese Science and Technology Press, Beijing, China. Chapter Three from Project Research Results.
    2. Wang Yingkuan, Wang Jingui. Ten development trends of China’s periodicals. Chinese Redactology Society (Eds). Redactology Annual (2005). Beijing: People's Education Press, November 2005.
    3. Wei Xiuju, Wang Yingkuan, Yang Bangjie. Serving as a link between past and future, blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit: In memory of the twentith anniversary of Transactions of the CSAE. In: Proceedings of the First CSAE Annual Meeting, Luo Xiwen (Eds). Guangzhou, December 19-21, 2005.
    4. Cheng Weihong, Ren Shengli, Wang Yingkuan, Yan Jin. 2010. Investigation on digitalization and networking of Chinese scientific journals supervised by CAST. In: Developmental Report on Scientific Journals Governed by CAST-2008.Shen Aimin, Yang Wenzhi, Wang Xiaobin (Eds). Chinese Science and Technology Press, Beijing, China. Chapter Four from Project Research Results.

    Invited Conference Contributions and Proceeding Publications

    1. Pu Yingyan, Wang Yingkuan. Chances and challenges of Chinese green leisure food in international market(in English and Chinese). In: Proceedings of 2001 International Symposium of Agricultural Product Processing and Storage. Tianjin, China, November, 2001. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2001.
    2. Shao Wenhua, Wang Yingkuan. Postharvest processing of agricultural products produced in agricultural high sci-tech garden and its plan & design (in English and Chinese). In: Proceedings of 2001 International Symposium of Agricultural Product Processing and Storage. Tianjin, China, November, 2001. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2001.
    3. Wang Yingkuan. All-side scanning of the developing trend of advertisement. Keynote report. Zhengzhou: Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on the Scholarship Committee of Young Editors of China Editology Society of Science Periodicals. September, 2005. Won the Second Prize of the Excellent Paper of the Symposium.
    4. Wang Yingkuan, Wang Jingui. Significant changes in journal editing sector in the electronic information age. Paper included in the Collections of 2004 Doctor Forum of China. Wuhan: Wuhan University, October 18-20, 2004.
    5. Wang Yingkuan. Open Access Journal Publishing Based on Profit-making Model: Case Study of BioMed Central. Keynote report, the 15th Annual Symposium of Research Society of Natural Science Journal Editors of Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the topic of Developing Trend of Scientific and Technical Periodicals and Countermeasures. Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China. November 13-18, 2005.
    6. Wang Yingkuan. Open Access Model for Publishing of Scientific Scholarly Journals in China. Keynote report, the 16th Annual Symposium of Research Society of Natural Science Journal Editors of Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the topic of Independent Innovation and Scientific and Technical Periodicals. Shenyang, Liangning Province, China. August 18-22, 2006.
    7. Wang Yingkuan. Open Access Publishing of Scientific Scholarly Journals in China. Keynote report, the 17th Annual Symposium of Research Society of Natural Science Journal Editors of Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the topic of Innovation and Development of Scientific and Technical Periodicals: Status Quo and Countermeasures. Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. November 18-21, 2007.
    8. Wang Yingkuan. Launching and Running International English Journal IJABE based on Open Access and Open Journal System. Keynote report, the 18th Annual Symposium of Research Society of Natural Science Journal Editors of Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the topic of Innovation of Management System for Scientific and Technical Periodicals in Network Environment. Xiamen, Fujian Province, China. November 8-13, 2008.

    HONORS AND AWARDS

    Won over ten various rewards: 2003 Outstanding Cadre Award of Learned Society by Zhou Peiyuan Foundation; 2003 and 2005 Excellent CPC Member Award of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering(CAAE); Won the Title of Advanced Worker of the CAAE in 2004 and 2008; 2004 Full-time and Part-time Advanced Cadre of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(CSAE); 2004 Superior Award of English Proficiency Contest of Staff from Ministry of Agriculture; The Fifth Young Editor Award of Chinese Science Periodicals- Steed Award in 2005; A Paper was awarded The Second Prize of National Excellent Editology Works in 2005. KOV Winner of Men’s Doubles of Table Tennis in the Second Staff Sports Meeting of Ministry of Agriculture of China in 2008.

    , MEMBERSHIPS AND ACADEMIC & SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
     Editor-in-Chief of CIGR Journal
     Founder and Managing Editor of International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering(IJABE)
     Executive Editor-in-Chief of International Agricultural Engineering Journal
     Associate Editor-in-Chief of Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
     Executive Board Member of International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR)
     Executive Board Member and China Regional Director of Overseas Chinese Association of Agricultural, Biological and Food Engineers(AOCABFE)
     Guest Professor of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
     Invited Research Fellow of Academic Committee of Chinese Academy of Management Sciences
     Invited Guest Editor of Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University
     Guest Reporter of Popular Science News
     Member of China Editology Society of Science Periodicals
     Senior Member of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
     Having ever been Managing Editor and Journal Manager of Agricultural Engineering and Technology

Publications

  • 1.42
    Impact points
    Semi-continuous cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris for treating undigested and digested dairy manures.

    Liang Wang, Yingkuan Wang, Paul Chen, Roger Ruan

    Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 12/2010; 162(8):2324-32.

    The present study, based on a previous batch-wise experiment, investigated a lab-scale semi-continuous cultivation of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (UTEX 2714), as a useful means for nutrient reduction as well as production of algal biomass which can be used as potential feedstock for the prod... [more] The present study, based on a previous batch-wise experiment, investigated a lab-scale semi-continuous cultivation of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (UTEX 2714), as a useful means for nutrient reduction as well as production of algal biomass which can be used as potential feedstock for the production of biofuel and other commodities, on 20 x diluted dairy manures. Both undigested and digested samples were applied in parallel experiments for comparison regarding the requirements of hydraulic retention times (HRTs), removal efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand (COD), biomass productivities, and CO₂ sequestration abilities. It was demonstrated that algae grown in undigested dairy manure achieved removal rates of 99.7%, 89.5%, 92.0%, and 75.5% for NH₄+--N, TN, TP, and COD, respectively, under a 5-day HRT, while the HRT had to extend to 20 days in order to achieve 100.0% removal of NH₄+--N in digested one with simultaneous removals of 93.6% of TN, 89.2% of TP, and 55.4% of COD. The higher organic carbon contained in undigested dairy manure helped boost the growth of mixotrophic Chlorella, thus resulting in a much shorter HRT needed for complete removal of NH₄+--N. Moreover, algae grown in digested dairy manure provided more penitential than those grown in undigested one in CO₂ sequestration per milligram of harvested dried biomass (1.68 mg CO₂/mg dry weight (DW) vs 0.99 mg CO₂/mg DW), but did not surpass in total the amount of CO₂ sequestered on a 15-day period basis because of the better productivity gained in undigested dairy manure.
  • 1.42
    Impact points
    Cultivation of Green Algae Chlorella sp. in Different Wastewaters from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant.

    Liang Wang, Min Min, Yecong Li, Paul Chen, Yifeng Chen, Yuhuan Liu, Yingkuan Wang, Roger Ruan

    Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 11/2009;

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of green algae Chlorella sp. on wastewaters sampled from four different points of the treatment process flow of a local municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) and how well the algal growth removed nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen deman... [more] The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of green algae Chlorella sp. on wastewaters sampled from four different points of the treatment process flow of a local municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) and how well the algal growth removed nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and metal ions from the wastewaters. The four wastewaters were wastewater before primary settling (#1 wastewater), wastewater after primary settling (#2 wastewater), wastewater after activated sludge tank (#3 wastewater), and centrate (#4 wastewater), which is the wastewater generated in sludge centrifuge. The average specific growth rates in the exponential period were 0.412, 0.429, 0.343, and 0.948 day(-1) for wastewaters #1, #2, #3, and #4, respectively. The removal rates of NH(4)-N were 82.4%, 74.7%, and 78.3% for wastewaters #1, #2, and #4, respectively. For #3 wastewater, 62.5% of NO(3)-N, the major inorganic nitrogen form, was removed with 6.3-fold of NO(2)-N generated. From wastewaters #1, #2, and #4, 83.2%, 90.6%, and 85.6% phosphorus and 50.9%, 56.5%, and 83.0% COD were removed, respectively. Only 4.7% was removed in #3 wastewater and the COD in #3 wastewater increased slightly after algal growth, probably due to the excretion of small photosynthetic organic molecules by algae. Metal ions, especially Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn in centrate, were found to be removed very efficiently. The results of this study suggest that growing algae in nutrient-rich centrate offers a new option of applying algal process in MWTP to manage the nutrient load for the aeration tank to which the centrate is returned, serving the dual roles of nutrient reduction and valuable biofuel feedstock production.

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