Wojciech J Piotrowski
Research interests
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InterestsCOPD, Asthma, Lung Diseases
Publications
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Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in sarcoidosis: relation to selected clinical and laboratory markers.
Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej. 01/2012;
INTRODUCTION: Differentiation between active and inactive sarcoidosis may be problematic. Several biochemical markers have been proposed for this purpose. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with the use of 99mTc Tectreotide as a radiotracer may be used for estimation of disease activity. OBJECTIVES:... [more] INTRODUCTION: Differentiation between active and inactive sarcoidosis may be problematic. Several biochemical markers have been proposed for this purpose. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with the use of 99mTc Tectreotide as a radiotracer may be used for estimation of disease activity. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the value of traditional biomarkers (serum angiotensin converting enzyme - SACE, C-reactive protein - CRP, markers of calcium metabolism, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid - BALF - lymphocytes) and a novel biomarker 8-isoprostane (8-IP) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for estimation of disease activity in relation to somatostatin receptor scintigraphy results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 32 patients with sarcoidosis were included. 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC was used as a tracer, planar and SPECT/CT images were performed. Patients were divided into a subgroup with positive radiotracer uptake (n=20) and lack of visible uptake (n=12). 8-IP was measured in EBC by EIA method. RESULTS: We found a significant difference between the positive and negative uptake group in EBC 8-IP (19.119.8 vs 5.43.5 pg/ml, p=0.02). The concentration of SACE and % of BALF lymphocytes were also elevated, but did not reach the statistical significance. In the group of patients with positive scintigraphy results, a positive correlation was found between the uptake ratio and SACE (r=0.44, p=0.041). We show examples of practical application of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy for estimation of disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows low value of biochemical markers in clinical monitoring of sarcoidosis, but indicates the potential usefulness of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the monitoring of sarcoidosis.
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1.54Impact points
The selected genetic polymorphisms of metalloproteinases MMP2, 7, 9 and MMP inhibitor TIMP2 in sarcoidosis.
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 10/2011; 17(10):CR598-607.
Increased activity of metalloproteinases may play a role in the initiation and propagation of inflammation in sarcoidosis, and may also be one of the factors responsible for the development of lung fibrosis. The aim of this study was to verify whether polymorphisms of MMP2 C-735T, MMP7 A-181G, MMP9 ... [more] Increased activity of metalloproteinases may play a role in the initiation and propagation of inflammation in sarcoidosis, and may also be one of the factors responsible for the development of lung fibrosis. The aim of this study was to verify whether polymorphisms of MMP2 C-735T, MMP7 A-181G, MMP9 T-1702A and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)2 G-418C predispose to sarcoidosis. The study included 139 patients with sarcoidosis and 100 healthy subjects. MMPs and TIMP2 mRNA were measured in peripheral blood lysate using real-time RT-PCR. DNA for genetic polymorphism was extracted from peripheral blood by GTC method. Protein concentrations in peripheral blood lysates were measured by ELISA, and MMP2 and 9 activities in BAL fluid were estimated by gel zymography. TT genotype in MMP9 T-1702A was more frequent in sarcoidosis (p<0.0001, OR = 13.71, 95% CI 7.02-26.80) and resulted in higher expression of MMP9 mRNA (p<0.0001). No differences were found between TT and AT/AA patients in terms of radiological stage, lung function test parameters, activity markers and the presence/absence of Löfgren syndrome. There were no differences in the distribution of MMP2, MMP7 and TIMP2 polymorphisms. Messenger RNAs, as well as protein concentrations of MMP2, 7, 9, and TIMP2 were elevated in patients with sarcoidosis (p<0.0001 for each). The TT homozygotes of MMP9 T-1702A genotype may be predisposed to sarcoidosis. Elevated MMP2, 7, 9, and TIMP2 mRNAs suggest their inducibility.
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1.59Impact points
Exhaled 8-isoprostane in sarcoidosis: relation to superoxide anion production by bronchoalveolar lavage cells.
Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]. 12/2010; 59(12):1027-32.
This study was designed to examine the mutual relationship between 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and superoxide anion generation by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells in patients with sarcoidosis. About 29 patients with sarcoidosis, 34 healthy never smokers (control group f... [more] This study was designed to examine the mutual relationship between 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and superoxide anion generation by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells in patients with sarcoidosis. About 29 patients with sarcoidosis, 34 healthy never smokers (control group for EBC) and 15 healthy never smokers (control group for BAL) were examined. EBC was collected directly before bronchoscopy. 8-Isoprostane was measured by ELISA, and superoxide anion by colorimetry. Exhaled breath condensate 8-isoprostane is increased in sarcoidosis (median, 25-75 percentile): 2.50; 2.50-3.90 versus 6.20; 2.50-16.95 pg/ml, p ≤ 0.05). Spontaneous superoxide anion release from BALF cells was significantly elevated only in patients with a high percentage of lymphocytes in BALF (6.42 ± 1.24 vs. 23.52 ± 4.30 nmol/10(6) cells, p ≤ 0.01). There were no correlations between 8-isoprostane and spontaneous or stimulated superoxide anion release. We confirmed higher concentrations of EBC 8-isoprostane in sarcoidosis and higher spontaneous release of superoxide anion from BALF cells in patients with sarcoidosis. The increase of EBC 8-isoprostane is not directly related to superoxide anion released from BALF cells.
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Rhinosinusitis in COPD: symptoms, mucosal changes, nasal lavage cells and eicosanoids
International Journal of COPD. 01/2010;
Violetta M Piotrowska1, Wojciech J Piotrowski2, Zofia Kurmanowska2, Jerzy Marczak2, Paweł Górski2, Adam Antczak22Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; 1Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, PolandAbstract: The coexistence of upper air... [more] Violetta M Piotrowska1, Wojciech J Piotrowski2, Zofia Kurmanowska2, Jerzy Marczak2, Paweł Górski2, Adam Antczak22Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; 1Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, PolandAbstract: The coexistence of upper airways disease with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well documented. The aim of this research was to assess sino-nasal inflammation in COPD by various tools, and look for the impact on quality of life, relation to smoking, disease severity and systemic inflammation. Current and ex-smokers with COPD (n = 42) and healthy never-smokers (n = 21) were included in this study. COPD severity was assessed by GOLD criteria and BODE index. Markers of systemic inflammation were measured. Nasal symptoms and general quality of life were assessed using the questionnaires; sino-nasal questionnaire (SNAQ-11) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Nasal endoscopy and saccharine test were performed. Nasal lavages were collected for cytological examination and eicosanoids (cysteinyl leukotrienes, leukotriene B4, 8-isoprostane). Symptoms and endoscopic scores were higher in COPD (P ≤ 0.0001). Only SGRQ symptoms subscore correlated with SNAQ-11 (r = 0.34, P = 0.035). Mucociliary clearance was impaired only in current smokers (9.91 ± 0.49 versus 13.12 ± 0.68 minutes, P ≤ 0.001). 8-isoprostane was higher in COPD smokers compared to the controls (0.17 ± 0.04 versus 0.34 ± 0.09 pg/g protein, P < 0.05). Endoscopic score and mucociliary of impairment patients who currently smoked cigarettes correlated with concentrations of 8-isoprostane. None of the parameters correlated with disease severity and markers of systemic inflammation. We provide evidence of upper airways disease in COPD, which appears to be related more to patients who currently smoke than to disease severity.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, eicosanoids, nasal lavage, rhinitis, smoking, upper airways disease
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Rhinosinusitis in COPD: symptoms, mucosal changes, nasal lavage cells and eicosanoids.
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 01/2010; 5:107-17.
The coexistence of upper airways disease with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well documented. The aim of this research was to assess sino-nasal inflammation in COPD by various tools, and look for the impact on quality of life, relation to smoking, disease severity and systemic i... [more] The coexistence of upper airways disease with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well documented. The aim of this research was to assess sino-nasal inflammation in COPD by various tools, and look for the impact on quality of life, relation to smoking, disease severity and systemic inflammation. Current and ex-smokers with COPD (n = 42) and healthy never-smokers (n = 21) were included in this study. COPD severity was assessed by GOLD criteria and BODE index. Markers of systemic inflammation were measured. Nasal symptoms and general quality of life were assessed using the questionnaires; sino-nasal questionnaire (SNAQ-11) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Nasal endoscopy and saccharine test were performed. Nasal lavages were collected for cytological examination and eicosanoids (cysteinyl leukotrienes, leukotriene B4, 8-isoprostane). Symptoms and endoscopic scores were higher in COPD (P < or = 0.0001). Only SGRQ symptoms subscore correlated with SNAQ-11 (r = 0.34, P = 0.035). Mucociliary clearance was impaired only in current smokers (9.91 +/- 0.49 versus 13.12 +/- 0.68 minutes, P < or = 0.001). 8-isoprostane was higher in COPD smokers compared to the controls (0.17 +/- 0.04 versus 0.34 +/- 0.09 pg/g protein, P < 0.05). Endoscopic score and mucociliary of impairment patients who currently smoked cigarettes correlated with concentrations of 8-isoprostane. None of the parameters correlated with disease severity and markers of systemic inflammation. We provide evidence of upper airways disease in COPD, which appears to be related more to patients who currently smoke than to disease severity.
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1.33Impact points
Exhaled 8-isoprostane as a prognostic marker in sarcoidosis. A short term follow-up.
BMC pulmonary medicine. 01/2010; 10:23.
8-Isoprostane (8-IP) is a marker of lipid peroxidation. Elevated concentrations have been reported in BAL fluid and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in sarcoidosis (S). To validate the prognostic value of this marker we tested whether: 1. high initial EBC 8-IP predispose to more severe disease; 2. lo... [more] 8-Isoprostane (8-IP) is a marker of lipid peroxidation. Elevated concentrations have been reported in BAL fluid and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in sarcoidosis (S). To validate the prognostic value of this marker we tested whether: 1. high initial EBC 8-IP predispose to more severe disease; 2. low initial concentrations increase a chance of early remission; 3. remissions are connected with the decrease of EBC 8-IP. 40 patients (S) have been examined initially (V1) and after 8.5 +/- 0.5 months (V2). EBC 8-IP concentrations were measured by ELISA. Chest X-ray, lung function test, serum ACE and Ca2+ concentrations, 24 hrs Ca2+loss, abdominal ultrasonography, symptoms evaluation were performed. We confirmed higher concentrations of 8-IP in EBC of patients with sarcoidosis (p = 0.001). Relative risk (RR) of persistence of disease at V2 when initial 8-IP was above 20 pg/mL was 1.04, and the frequency distributions estimated by chi2 test were not significantly different. A chance (RR) of early complete remission when V1 8-IP was below DL, was 3.33 (p = 0.04 by chi2 test). A significant decrease of 8-IP at V2 was observed only in patients who received treatment (p = 0.03), but not in those with spontaneous remission. We come to the conclusion, that low initial 8-IP may be a positive prognostic factor. A decrease of 8-IP in treated patients reflects a non-specific effect of treatment and is not related to mere regression of disease.
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Hepatocyte growth factor in exhaled breath and BAL fluid in sarcoidosis.
Pneumonologia i alergologia polska : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Ftyzjopneumonologicznego, Polskiego Towarzystwa Alergologicznego, i Instytutu Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc. 01/2010; 78(3):187-91.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a strong mitogen stimulating lung epithelial cell growth. Elevated levels of HGF have been reported in various biological materials of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and in patients recovering from pneumonia or pneumonectomy. Sarcoidosis may be co... [more] Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a strong mitogen stimulating lung epithelial cell growth. Elevated levels of HGF have been reported in various biological materials of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and in patients recovering from pneumonia or pneumonectomy. Sarcoidosis may be complicated by lung fibrosis. Consequently, HGF could be considered a new biomarker identifying patients with a higher risk of lung fibrosis. The aim of the study was to verify whether: 1. HGF is measurable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC); 2. HGF in BALF or EBC is impaired in sarcoidosis; and 3. HGF correlates with chosen activity and prognostic markers. Sixty-four EBC and 30 BALF of sarcoid patients, and 15 and 9 of healthy controls, respectively, were collected for the measurement of HGF using an ELISA test. HGF was detectable in 62% of EBC samples (56% sarcoidosis and 87% of controls) and in all the BALF samples. EBC and BALF concentrations were not different in comparison to the controls. Moreover, no correlation was found between EBC/BALF concentrations and radiological stage, lung function tests, duration of disease, number of relapses, BALF lymphocytes, serum ACE, or serum and urine calcium concentrations. HGF is detectable in BAL and EBC. However, it does not distinguish sarcoidosis patients from healthy subjects. The above, as well as the lack of correlations with various parameters of disease activity and severity rule out EBC/ /BALF HGF as a biomarker for sarcoidosis monitoring.
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Superoxide anion production by bronchoalveolar lavage cells in relation to cellular composition and lung function in sarcoidosis and chronic bronchitis.
Polskie archiwum medycyny wewnȩtrznej. 12/2009; 119(12):777-84.
INTRODUCTION: Increased generation of superoxide anion (O2 -.) by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells has been reported in various inflammatory disorders. However, the clinical relevance of this phenomenon is unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether production of O2-. is e... [more] INTRODUCTION: Increased generation of superoxide anion (O2 -.) by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells has been reported in various inflammatory disorders. However, the clinical relevance of this phenomenon is unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether production of O2-. is enhanced in smoking-related chronic bronchitis and sarcoidosis, and to assess a relationship between O2-. generation and lung function impairment and changes in BAL cellular pattern. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with sarcoidosis, 24 smokers with chronic bronchitis, and 17 controls were examined. A number/percentage of BAL cells was calculated. Spontaneous and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated O2-. production was measured in BAL cells. Spirometry was performed. RESULTS: Patients with smoking-related chronic bronchitis produced more O2 -. spontaneously (6.42 -/+1.24 vs. 15.39 -/+2.47 nmol/106 cells, P = 0.003) and after stimulation (3.73 -/+1.32 vs. 14.76 -/+2.79 nmol/106 cells; P = 0.001). PMA-stimulated excess production correlated with the percentage of neutrophils (r = 0.66, P = 0.0005). In sarcoidosis, only spontaneous production of O2 -. was higher (vs. 18.07 -/+2.49 nmol/106 cells, P = 0.004) and correlated with the percentage of BAL lymphocytes. There was no correlation between O2-. production and lung function parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with smoking-related chronic bronchitis produce more O2-., and this phenomenon is related to BAL neutrophils. In sarcoidosis, spontaneous release of O2-. from BAL cells is related to the extent of lymphocytic alveolitis. Higher O2-. generation did not impair lung function.
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Metalloproteinases MMP-9, MMP-2 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, TIMP-2 in peripheral transbronchial lung biopsies of patients with sarcoidosis.
Polskie archiwum medycyny wewnȩtrznej. 10/2009; 119(10):628-35.
INTRODUCTION: The imbalance between metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors TIMPs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of lung sarcoidosis, a granulomatous inflammatory disease which may lead to lung fibrosis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to verify whether the expression of MMP... [more] INTRODUCTION: The imbalance between metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors TIMPs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of lung sarcoidosis, a granulomatous inflammatory disease which may lead to lung fibrosis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to verify whether the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in peripheral lung biopsies of patients with sarcoidosis correlate with lung function tests, radiological pattern, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. We compared the expression of MMPs and TIMPs between patients with sarcoid-positive vs. - negative biopsy and fibrosing vs. non-fibrosing high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)pattern. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined patients with histologically proven stage II and III sarcoidosis (n = 17). Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against the studied molecules was performed in the lung and bronchial tissue specimens obtained from transbronchial lung biopsies. The radiological pattern was evaluated based on HRCT. The total cell number and percentage of cells were calculated in the BAL samples. RESULTS: MMPs and TIMPs were present in the cells of sarcoid granuloma, and were more prevalent in the parenchyma than in the bronchi. We found no correlation between MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and HRCT pattern or BAL cells. There were inverse associations between MMP-9 and FEV1 (% predicted), and also between MMP-2 and maximal expiratory flow 25-75% (L and % predicted) in patients with sarcoidosis diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy. There were no differences in the measured parameters between patients with and without fibrotic changes and between those with negative vs. positive lung biopsy results. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides an indirect evidence for a potential involvement of MMPs/TIMPs in the sarcoid inflammation of the distal airways.
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6.36Impact points
Eicosanoids in exhaled breath condensate and BAL fluid of patients with sarcoidosis.
Chest. 09/2007; 132(2):589-96.
BACKGROUND: Measurement of inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is an easy and noninvasive diagnostic method, which has gained popularity in the past few years. However, the source of these mediators is not precisely defined. It has been only presumed that inflammatory cells pre... [more] BACKGROUND: Measurement of inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is an easy and noninvasive diagnostic method, which has gained popularity in the past few years. However, the source of these mediators is not precisely defined. It has been only presumed that inflammatory cells present in the airway lumen are the main source. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the relationship between EBC and BAL fluid (BALF) eicosanoids, and the percentage, number, and activity of cells in BALF. METHODS: In 28 sarcoidosis patients and 17 healthy subjects, 8-isoprostane, cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were measured in EBC by enzyme immunoassay. Eicosanoids were also examined in BALF in the study group. Cell count, percentage, and superoxide production by BALF cells were estimated. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SEM) CysLT and 8-isoprostane concentrations were higher in the sarcoidosis group (6.5 +/- 0 vs 27.82 +/- 6.65 pg/mL, respectively; and 2.67 +/- 0.16 vs 13.95 +/- 2.59 pg/mL, respectively). There were positive correlations between EBC and BALF 8-isoprostane concentration (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001) and LTB4 concentration (r = 0.43; p = 0.026). EBC LTB4 levels correlated with the number of lymphocytes per milliliter of BALF. The percentage and number of eosinophils in BALF correlated with EBC 8-isoprostane and BALF CysLT concentrations. No positive correlation was found between concentrations of EBC eicosanoids and percentages BALF lymphocytes, BALF macrophages, or superoxide production. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of 8-isoprostane and CysLT are elevated in EBC in sarcoidosis patients; however, a lack of correlation with BALF lymphocyte percentage does not encourage us to recommend the measurement of eicosanoids as activity markers. The positive correlation of EBC 8-isoprostane and BALF CysLT concentrations with the percentage of eosinophils in BALF, and the higher percentage of eosinophils in BALF from patients with grade 3 sarcoidosis, may suggest the possible prognostic value.
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[Asthma as a mask of other respiratory diseases]
Wiadomości lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960). 02/2006; 59(5-6):424-8.
Everyday clinical practice reveals both cases of asthma with non-typical symptoms as well as pseudo-asthmatic syndromes with symptoms typical for asthma. Bronchofiberoscopy is a diagnostic method which may help to overcome many diagnostic problems. Although it is a safe procedure, an increased risk ... [more] Everyday clinical practice reveals both cases of asthma with non-typical symptoms as well as pseudo-asthmatic syndromes with symptoms typical for asthma. Bronchofiberoscopy is a diagnostic method which may help to overcome many diagnostic problems. Although it is a safe procedure, an increased risk of severe bronchoconstriction exists in patients with asthma. The fear of this complication may cause late diagnosis of some asthma-mimicking diseases and may delay the proper treatment. In the present paper we describe two cases showing the possibility of making diagnostic mistakes, and especially illustrating the role ofbronchoscopy in differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma. The authors remind specific indications for this examination in patients with asthma or those presenting asthma-like symptoms. Safety precautions have been also recollected. If safety rules are met, severe bronchoconstriction in patients with bronchial hyperreactivity can be avoided.
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Photodynamic diagnosis and treatment of bronchial cancer.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 02/2003; 16(2):105-12.
Lung cancer is a leading cause of malignancy and its incidence increases worldwide. The disease develops deceitfully and only a small proportion of cancers is detected early enough to be treated radically. The main risk factor is cigarette smoking. Other risk groups consist of patients with various ... [more] Lung cancer is a leading cause of malignancy and its incidence increases worldwide. The disease develops deceitfully and only a small proportion of cancers is detected early enough to be treated radically. The main risk factor is cigarette smoking. Other risk groups consist of patients with various occupational hazards, with family history of lung cancer or those already treated for the disease. The risk is usually multiplied when smoking coexists with other risk factors. Considering terrifying epidemiologic data, methods of screening and early detection of the disease should be urgently elaborated and should cover well defined risk groups. Photodynamic bronchoscopy allows an early detection of pre-invasive lesions and carcinoma in situ, as well as of synchronous or metachronous lesions in patients with already detected disease. The use of photosensitizers permits to apply of laser therapy. In the present work, photodynamic diagnosis and treatment of bronchial cancer are reviewed. Although both sensitivity and specificity of photodynamic diagnosis is as yet not well established, the method may be suggested as a future screening tool in a population with present or past occupational hazard.
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2.06Impact points
Release of hydrogen peroxide by rat type II pneumocytes in the prolonged culture.
Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA. 02/2000; 14(1):85-93.
Type II pneumocytes (T II pneumocytes) produce hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which may be potentially dangerous for the lung. These cells in culture differentiate to type I-like pneumocytes and it may reflect the differentiation which follows the injury of alveolar epithelium. This work was undertak... [more] Type II pneumocytes (T II pneumocytes) produce hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which may be potentially dangerous for the lung. These cells in culture differentiate to type I-like pneumocytes and it may reflect the differentiation which follows the injury of alveolar epithelium. This work was undertaken to estimate the H(2)O(2) release by T II pneumocytes, freshly isolated and cultured up to 8 days. The light and electron microscopy evaluation confirmed the differentiation of T II pneumocytes to type I-like cells. The release of H(2)O(2), estimated spectrofluorimetrically as homovanillic acid oxidation product obtained in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, was significantly higher at day 4 (0.63+/-0. 68nmol/mg protein/min, P</=0.02) and 6 (0.46+/-0.31, P</=0.001) compared to fresh cells (0.15+/-0.08). Phorbol esters increased H(2)O(2) release at day 2 (0.39+/-0.22 vs 0.16+/-0.08, P</=0.02) and the inhibition of protein kinase C resulted in the decrease at day 2 (0.14+/-0.06 vs 0.07+/-0.02, P</=0.025), day 6, (0.49+/-0.25 vs 0. 15+/-0.08, P</=0.005) and 8 (0.76+/-0.63 vs 0.23+/-0.29, P</=0.02). Inhibition of intracellular catalase resulted in a significant increase only at day 2 (0.23+/-0.1 vs 0.15+/-0.09, P</=0.05). Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain decreased H(2)O(2) release at day 2 (0.13+/-0.11 vs 0.07+/-0.07, P</=0.002) and 4 (0. 75+/-0.88 vs 0.61+/-0.85, P</=0.002). These results indicate that alveolar epithelium may be a source of potentially dangerous ROS and that the cell differentiation is accompanied by the increase of H(2)O(2) production. Both mitochondrial respiratory chain and membrane-bound NADPH-oxidase may be responsible for the production of H(2)O(2) by T II pneumocytes.
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Cellular sources of oxidants in the lung.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 02/2000; 13(4):369-85.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important causative factors of many lung diseases, for instance pulmonary emphysema, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung fibrosis or rejection of transplanted lung. Moreover, recent data show that these molecules also play some physiological roles inclu... [more] Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important causative factors of many lung diseases, for instance pulmonary emphysema, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung fibrosis or rejection of transplanted lung. Moreover, recent data show that these molecules also play some physiological roles including signal transduction which regulates such important functions as cell growth and apoptosis. This review describes various cellular sources of ROS in the lung. Special attention was paid to neutrophils, eosinophils, alveolar macrophages and cells of alveolar epithelium. A possible contribution of ROS released by these cells to various lung diseases is discussed.
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[Evaluation of selected factors induced by antioxidative activity in serum of cigarette smokers and in patients with early phase emphysema]
Pneumonologia i alergologia polska : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Ftyzjopneumonologicznego, Polskiego Towarzystwa Alergologicznego, i Instytutu Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc. 02/1995; 63(3-4):201-8.
We investigated the concentration of ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (T) and metal ions (Cu, Zn) in serum of healthy smokers, emphysema patients and healty non-smoking subjects (control). We observed elevated Cu concentration in smokers and emphysema patients. Elevated CP concentration was observed ... [more] We investigated the concentration of ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (T) and metal ions (Cu, Zn) in serum of healthy smokers, emphysema patients and healty non-smoking subjects (control). We observed elevated Cu concentration in smokers and emphysema patients. Elevated CP concentration was observed only in those emphysema patients who smoked cigarettes, but not in healthy smokers. This observation excludes the possibility of compensative CP and Cu increase as the effect of chronic oxidant exposure. Changes in concentration of CP and Cu observed by us are probably due to chronic inflammation of respiratory tract not only of emphysema patients but also of chronic smokers without signs of the disease.
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[Effect of tobacco smoke on serum antioxidant activity]
Pneumonologia i alergologia polska : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Ftyzjopneumonologicznego, Polskiego Towarzystwa Alergologicznego, i Instytutu Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc. 02/1995; 63(1-2):43-50.
Oxidants of cigarette smoke and those released from phagocytes in smoker's lungs may inactivate alpha-1-antiproteinase. Thus, the "elastase-antielastase" imbalance may lead to lung tissue destruction and emphysema. Insufficient antioxidant protection, postulated by some authors might b... [more] Oxidants of cigarette smoke and those released from phagocytes in smoker's lungs may inactivate alpha-1-antiproteinase. Thus, the "elastase-antielastase" imbalance may lead to lung tissue destruction and emphysema. Insufficient antioxidant protection, postulated by some authors might be an additional factor contributing to this process. The presented data on the influence of acute in vitro exposure to cigarette smoke in humans did not show difference in serum antioxidant activity (AOA) before and after the exposure. Attempts were made to evaluate the effect of whole cigarette smoke, its gas-phase and water-soluble phase on serum AOA in vitro. The results show that gas-phase leads to the depletion of serum AOA, whereas water-soluble phase exerts protective effect. Thus, at least part of oxidants might be inactivated in the stream of inhaled smoke. In conclusion, we doubt that serum AOA is influenced as a result of smoking and that the depletion of serum AOA is a decisive factor in the development of pulmonary emphysema.
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The effect of moderate cigarette smoking on serum ceruloplasmin, copper, zinc and C3c levels.
Acta medica Polona. 02/1988; 29(3-4):167-74.
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Inhalations of 5-ALA in photodynamic diagnosis of bronchial cancer.
Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace / Fondazione clinica del lavoro, IRCCS [and] Istituto di clinica tisiologica e malattie apparato respiratorio, Università di Napoli, Secondo ateneo. 61(2):86-93.
BACKGROUND: Photodynamic bronchoscopy (PDD) allows for early detection of bronchial cancer. Adverse effects and high costs, partly related to general application of photosensitisers, are important limitations of the method. The local application of a photosensitiser could help to minimize these prob... [more] BACKGROUND: Photodynamic bronchoscopy (PDD) allows for early detection of bronchial cancer. Adverse effects and high costs, partly related to general application of photosensitisers, are important limitations of the method. The local application of a photosensitiser could help to minimize these problems. In this study the validity and safety of inhaled 5-ALA have been tested. METHODS: We examined 49 patients (age 59 +/- 11, cigarette consumption 36 +/- 17 pack-years) with present or past respiratory neoplasms and other with increased risk of bronchial cancer by photodynamic bronchoscopy (Storz-D-light) after inhaled 5-ALA. Biopsies were taken from the fluorescence-positive and negative foci (control). Symptoms and pre-/post-inhalation spirometry were analysed. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity was 82%, specificity 62%, positive predicted value (PPV) 45% and negative predictive value (NPV) 90%. Specificity decreased to 53% and PPV to 15% when visible tumours were excluded. PDD, when added to white light bronchoscopy increased sensitivity by 2.1% and NPV by 6%, but decreased specificity by 35.4% and PPV by 53.1%. In a group of actual or past tumours the sensitivity increased by 22% and NPV by 34%, whereas specificity decreased by 26% and PPV by 35%. In 2 cases a drop in FEV1 above 10% of pre-inhalation value was observed but no clinically relevant symptoms were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic bronchoscopy with inhalation of 5-ALA is a relatively safe diagnostic method. The main disadvantage is high percentage of false positive results. Nevertheless, we believe, that it may be a useful adjunct to conventional diagnostic modes, especially in the detection of early lesions in patients operated due to cancer (stump control and detection of metachronous lesions) and those prepared for operation (synchronous lesions and detection of infiltration margins). However all suspected lesions must be verified by histo-pathological examination.
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1.99Impact points
Concentration of TBA-reactive substances in type II pneumocytes exposed to oxidative stress.
Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis. 52(6):435-40.
INTRODUCTION: Oxidative lung damage may be associated with the destruction of alveolar cells. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs),as progenitors of type I cells, are indispensable for the renovation of alveolar structure after lung injury. Extensive damage to type II cells could be responsible ... [more] INTRODUCTION: Oxidative lung damage may be associated with the destruction of alveolar cells. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs),as progenitors of type I cells, are indispensable for the renovation of alveolar structure after lung injury. Extensive damage to type II cells could be responsible for unfavorable outcome. However, the susceptibility of type II AECs to oxidative stress is unclear. MATERIAL/METHODS: We investigated the susceptibility of freshly isolated and cultured rat type II AECs to oxidative stress (H2O2 and Fe2+). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)were measured as indices of lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity was estimated by the MTT test. Aminotriazol (ATZ), an inhibitor of intracellular catalase, was used to estimate the protective role of catalase. RESULTS: TBARS concentration increased significantly in freshly isolated, oxidant-exposed cells (4.0 +/-1.3 vs.8.3 +/-2.2 nmol/g protein, p=0.0313)and insignificantly in cultured cells (1.7 +/-0.4 vs.4.4 +/-1.7 nmol/g protein).ATZ was toxic even to cells not exposed to oxidants. Inhibition of catalase in cells exposed to oxidants resulted in an insignificant increase in TBARs:4.5 +/-1.5 vs.16.2 +/-3.9 nmol/g protein, p=0.0625,and 4.0 +/-0.8 vs.7.6 +/-4.0 for freshly isolated and cultured cells, respectively. Oxidative stress itself did not increase cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Type II AECs are not resistant to oxidative stress. We cannot, however, explain why cells with evidence of lipid peroxidation do not show increased cytotoxicity. The toxicity of ATZ is not related to oxidative cell damage. In cells exposed to oxidants, TBARS may fur-ther increase when catalase is inhibited, which suggests an important protective role for catalase.
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Janusz Szemraj
Medical University of Lódz -
Wojciech Fendler
Medical University of Lódz
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