Publications (27) View all
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Article: Clinical Manifestations of Cytomegalovirus-Associated Posterior Uveitis and Panuveitis in Patients Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
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ABSTRACT: IMPORTANCE Little attention has been paid to clinical features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical manifestations and comorbidities of patients without HIV infection who have CMV-associated posterior uveitis or panuveitis. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective observational case series in an academic research setting. PARTICIPANTS The medical records were reviewed of 18 patients (22 affected eyes) diagnosed as having posterior uveitis or panuveitis who had aqueous positive for CMV by polymerase chain reaction techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic data, clinical manifestations, and associated systemic diseases were recorded. RESULTS Ocular features included focal hemorrhagic retinitis (n = 13) and peripheral retinal necrosis (n = 7). Two eyes had no focal retinal lesions but manifested vasculitis and vitritis. All patients exhibited vitreous inflammation. Inflammatory reactions in anterior segments developed in 14 of 22 eyes (64%). Retinal vasculitis was observed in 16 of 22 eyes (73%) and included mostly arteries (in 13 of 16 eyes [81%]). Eleven of 18 patients were taking immunosuppressive medications (5 for hematologic malignant diseases, 4 for systemic autoimmune diseases, and 2 following organ transplants). One additional patient was diagnosed as having non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3 months after the onset of CMV-associated panuveitis, and another patient had primary immunodeficiency disorder. Of the remaining 5 patients, 2 had diabetes mellitus, and 3 had no associated systemic diseases and exhibited no evidence of immune deficiency. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cytomegalovirus-associated infections of posterior eye segments can develop in patients without HIV infection who have compromised immune function of variable severity but may occur also in individuals who have no evidence of immune insufficiency. Cytomegalovirus infections located in posterior eye segments in patients without HIV infection caused intraocular inflammatory reaction in all cases and demonstrated more variable clinical presentation than classic CMV retinitis observed in patients with HIV infection.JAMA ophthalmology. 03/2013; -
Article: Incidence of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus following negative initial screening examination results.
Archives of ophthalmology 04/2012; 130(4):527-9. · 3.86 Impact Factor -
Article: Causes of visual acuity loss among HIV-infected patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Chiang Mai University Hospital.
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ABSTRACT: To quantify the frequencies of the common causes of visual acuity loss for HIV-infected patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART). The present prospective observational study comprised 113 patients (184 eyes) with newly diagnosed CMVR, from May 2008-March 2010. Each patient was followed-up every 3 months with medical history and ophthalmologic examination. Patients were divided as visual impairment and legal blindness. The majority of the patients were native Thai (91%), while the rest was of hill tribe origin. 55% were females with age ranged between 14-57 years (average of 39). The main cause of HIV infection was heterosexual contact (90%), followed by homosexual contact (7%). It was found that 68% had CD4 T-cell count less than 50 cells/microl and that 46% had bilateral CMVR. Major causes of visual impairment were CMVR zone 2&3, CMVR zone 1 and cataract, respectively. Major causes of legal blindness were CMVR zone 2&3, CMVR zone 1 and retinal detachment, respectively Retinal detachment was a major risk factor in both groups. Even when surgery was successful, the visual acuity was not significantly improved, indicating a permanent loss of vision. In the HAART era, immune recovery of HIV patients also helps restoring specific anti-CMVimmunity. HAART reduces occurrence of visual impairment to 0.10/eye-year (EY) and legal blindness to 0.15/EY, compared to the pre-HAART figures of 0.94-0.98/EY and 0.47-0.49/EY respectively. However, it did not completely eliminate the occurrence. CMVR and cataract remain the most common causes of visual acuity loss followed by retinitis-related retinal detachment, and optic nerve atrophy respectively.Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 04/2012; 95 Suppl 4:S129-35. -
Article: Clinical features of newly diagnosed cytomegalovirus retinitis in northern Thailand.
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ABSTRACT: To characterize the clinical manifestations of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in northern Thailand. Prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. We recorded characteristics of 52 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with CMV retinitis at a tertiary university-based medical center in northern Thailand. Indirect ophthalmoscopy by experienced ophthalmologists was supplemented with fundus photography to determine the proportion of eyes with various clinical features of CMV retinitis. Of the 52 patients with CMV retinitis, 55.8% were female. All were HIV-positive. The vast majority (90.4%) had started antiretroviral therapy. CMV retinitis was bilateral in 46.2% of patients. Bilateral visual acuity worse than 20/60 was observed in 23.1% of patients. Of 76 eyes with CMV retinitis, 61.8% had zone I disease and 21.6% had lesions involving the fovea. Lesions larger than 25% of the retinal area were observed in 57.5% of affected eyes. CMV retinitis lesions commonly had marked or severe border opacity (47.4% of eyes). Vitreous haze often was present (46.1% of eyes). Visual impairment was more common in eyes with larger retinitis lesions. Retinitis lesion size, used as a proxy for duration of disease, was associated with fulminant appearance (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.51) and marked or severe border opacity (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.67). Based on lesion size, retinitis preceded antiretroviral treatment in each patient. Patients seeking treatment at a tertiary medical center in northern Thailand had advanced CMV retinitis, possibly because of delayed diagnosis. Earlier screening and treatment of CMV retinitis may limit progression of disease and may prevent visual impairment in this population.American journal of ophthalmology 01/2012; 153(5):923-931.e1. · 3.83 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of autophotomontage software programs in eyes with CMV retinitis.
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ABSTRACT: Automated mosaic software programs are used to stitch together overlapping retinal fundus photographs. The performance of these programs in eyes with retinal diseases has not been independently evaluated. This study compares the quality of the mosaic products of three autophotomontage software programs, using digital fundus photographs of eyes with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Photographs of 99 eyes with CMV retinitis of 94 patients with HIV were taken at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Automated mosaic images were created for each of the 99 eyes by three different commercially available programs: IMAGEnet (Topcon, Oakland, NJ), i2k Retina (DualAlign LLC, Clifton Park, NY), and AutoMontage (OIS, Sacramento, CA). Three masked graders ranked each set of mosaics for each eye. The graders also assessed the overall image quality and documented mosaic artifacts in each image. i2k Retina was ranked as the best program (70%-88%) more often than AutoMontage (10%-33%, P < 0.001) or IMAGEnet (0%-4%, P < 0.001) for creating automontages from digital fundus photographs of eyes with CMV retinitis. Acceptable quality mosaic images were reported most commonly for i2k Retina (93%-94%) and AutoMontage (91%-95%), followed by IMAGEnet (27%-56%, P < 0.001). IMAGEnet had a significantly higher percentage of mosaic errors than did either i2k Retina or AutoMontage (P < 0.001). In eyes with CMV retinitis, both the i2k Retina and AutoMontage software packages appear to create higher quality mosaics than does IMAGEnet. Automated retinal mosaic imaging may be valuable in diagnosing CMV retinitis and observing disease progression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 11/2011; 52(13):9339-44. · 3.43 Impact Factor
