Preben Olsen

Publications

• 3.25

  Impact points

  Leaching of azoxystrobin and its degradation product R234886 from Danish agricultural field sites.

  Lisbeth Flindt Jørgensen, Jeanne Kjær, Preben Olsen, Annette Elisabeth Rosenbom

  Chemosphere. 04/2012;

  The objective was to estimate leaching of the fungicide azoxystrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzene-acetate) and one of its primary degradation products R234886 ([(E)-2-(2-[6-cyanophenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yloxyl]-phenyl-3-methoxyacrylic acid], major fr... [more] The objective was to estimate leaching of the fungicide azoxystrobin (methyl (αE)-2-[[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzene-acetate) and one of its primary degradation products R234886 ([(E)-2-(2-[6-cyanophenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yloxyl]-phenyl-3-methoxyacrylic acid], major fraction) at four agricultural research fields (one sandy and three loamy) in Denmark. Water was sampled from tile drains, suction cups and groundwater wells for a minimum period of two years after application of azoxystrobin. Neither azoxystrobin nor R234886 were detected at the sandy site, but did leach through loamy soils. While azoxystrobin was generally only detected during the first couple of months following application, R234886 leached for a longer period of time and at higher concentrations (up to 2.1μgL(-1)). Azoxystrobin is classified as very toxic to aquatic organisms and R234886 as very harmful. Our study shows that azoxystrobin and R234886 can leach through loamy soils for a long period of time following application of the pesticide and thereby pose a potential threat to vulnerable aquatic environments and drinking water resources. We thus recommend the inclusion of azoxystrobin and R234886 in pesticide monitoring programmes and further investigation of their long-term ecotoxicological effects.
• 3.25

  Impact points

  Reply to Comments on "Transport modes and pathways of the strongly sorbing pesticides glyphosate and pendimethalin through structured drained soils" by Petersen, C.T. and Hansen, S. [Chemosphere 84 (4) (2011) 471-479].

  Jeanne Kjær, Vibeke Ernstsen, Lis Wollesen de Jonge, Preben Olsen

  Chemosphere. 10/2011;
• 3.25

  Impact points

  Transport modes and pathways of the strongly sorbing pesticides glyphosate and pendimethalin through structured drained soils.

  Jeanne Kjær, Vibeke Ernsten, Ole H Jacobsen, Nis Hansen, Lis Wollesen de Jonge, Preben Olsen

  Chemosphere. 07/2011; 84(4):471-9.

  Leaching of the strongly sorbing pesticides glyphosate and pendimethalin was evaluated in an 8-month field study focussing on preferential flow and particle-facilitated transport, both of which may enhance the leaching of such pesticides in structured soils. Glyphosate mainly sorbs to mineral sorpti... [more] Leaching of the strongly sorbing pesticides glyphosate and pendimethalin was evaluated in an 8-month field study focussing on preferential flow and particle-facilitated transport, both of which may enhance the leaching of such pesticides in structured soils. Glyphosate mainly sorbs to mineral sorption sites, while pendimethalin mainly sorbs to organic sorption sites. The two pesticides were applied in equal dosage to a structured, tile-drained soil, and the concentration of the pesticides was then measured in drainage water sampled flow-proportionally. The leaching pattern of glyphosate resembled that of pendimethalin, suggesting that the leaching potential of pesticides sorbed to either the inorganic or organic soil fractions is high in structured soils. Both glyphosate and pendimethalin leached from the root zone, with the average concentration in the drainage water being 3.5 and 2.7 μg L(-1), respectively. Particle-facilitated transport (particles >0.24 μm) accounted for only a small proportion of the observed leaching (13-16% for glyphosate and 16-31% for pendimethalin). Drain-connected macropores located above or in the vicinity of the drains facilitated very rapid transport of pesticide to the drains. That the concentration of glyphosate and pendimethalin in the drainage water remained high (>0.1 μg L(-1)) for up to 7d after a precipitation event indicates that macropores between the drains connected to underlying fractures were able to transport strongly sorbing pesticides in the dissolved phase. Lateral transport of dissolved pesticide via such discontinuities implies that strongly sorbing pesticides such as glyphosate and pendimethalin could potentially be present in high concentrations (>0.1 μg L(-1)) in both water originating from the drainage system and the shallow groundwater located at the depth of the drainage system.

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme, Monitoring results 1999 - 2010

  Jeanne Kjær, Annette E. Rosenbom, Walter Brüsch, René K. Juhler, Lasse Gudmundsson, Finn Plauborg, Ruth Grant, Preben Olsen

  01/2011; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2010.html.

  ISBN: 978-87-7871-312-4
• 3.25

  Impact points

  Long-term leaching of rimsulfuron degradation products through sandy agricultural soils.

  Annette Elisabeth Rosenbom, Jeanne Kjaer, Preben Olsen

  Chemosphere. 03/2010; 79(8):830-8.

  The objective was to quantify leaching of the widely used low-dosage sulfonylurea herbicides rimsulfuron and its primary degradation products IN70941 ([N-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-N-((3-ethylsulfonyl)-2-pyridinyl)urea]) and IN70942 ([N-((3-ethylsulfonyl)-2-pyridinyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidineam... [more] The objective was to quantify leaching of the widely used low-dosage sulfonylurea herbicides rimsulfuron and its primary degradation products IN70941 ([N-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-N-((3-ethylsulfonyl)-2-pyridinyl)urea]) and IN70942 ([N-((3-ethylsulfonyl)-2-pyridinyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidineamine]) at two sandy research fields in Denmark. Water was sampled monthly from the vadose and groundwater zones at the two sites (Tylstrup and Jyndevad) over a 4-6-year period following application of rimsulfuron. No rimsulfuron was detected in the water samples. At the Jyndevad site, IN70941 was detected in the vadose zone at a depth of 1m for as long as three years in annual average concentrations exceeding the EU limit value for drinking water of 0.1microgL(-1). At the Tylstrup site, IN70941 was detected at a depth of 2m in concentrations just below 0.1microgL(-1). The groundwater concentration of IN70941 occasionally exceeded 0.1microgL(-1) at the Jyndevad site, but is only detected on one occasion (and at a low concentration) at the Tylstrup site. At both sites IN70941 was relatively stable and persisted in the soil water for several years, with relatively little degrading further to IN70942. Thus, the concentration of IN7092 was much lower and apart from four samples from the Jyndevad site, never exceeded 0.1microgL(-1). Nevertheless, our findings show that degradation products of rimsulfuron can leach through sandy soils in relatively high concentrations and could potentially contaminate vulnerable aquatic environments. In view of this risk, IN70941 and IN70942 should be included in pesticide monitoring programmes, and their long-term ecotoxicological effects should be investigated further.

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme, Monitoring results 1999 - 2009

  Annette E. Rosenbom, Walter Brüsch, Rene K. Juhler, Vibeke Ernstsen, Lasse Gudmundsson, Jeanne Kjær, Finn Plauborg, Ruth Grant, Per Nyegaard, Preben Olsen

  01/2010; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2009.html.

  ISBN: 978-87-7871-279-0

• Farm-level adoption of soil and water conservation measures and policy implications in Europe

  Jan de Graaff, Aad Kessler, Preben Olsen

  Land Use Policy. 01/2010; 27.
• 4.80

  Impact points

  Ability of the MACRO model to predict long-term leaching of metribuzin and diketometribuzin.

  Annette E Rosenbom, Jeanne Kjaer, Trine Henriksen, Marlene Ullum, Preben Olsen

  Environmental science & technology. 06/2009; 43(9):3221-6.

  In a regulatory context, numerical models are increasingly employed to quantify leaching of pesticides and their metabolites. Although the ability of these models to accurately simulate leaching of pesticides has been evaluated, little is known about their ability to accurately simulate long-term le... [more] In a regulatory context, numerical models are increasingly employed to quantify leaching of pesticides and their metabolites. Although the ability of these models to accurately simulate leaching of pesticides has been evaluated, little is known about their ability to accurately simulate long-term leaching of metabolites. A Danish study on the dissipation and sorption of metribuzin, involving both monitoring and batch experiments, concluded that desorption and degradation of metribuzin and leaching of its primary metabolite diketometribuzin continued for 5-6 years after application, posing a risk of groundwater contamination. That study provided a unique opportunity for evaluating the ability of the numerical model MACRO to accurately simulate long-term leaching of metribuzin and diketometribuzin. When calibrated and validated with respect to water and bromide balances and applied assuming equilibrium sorption and first-order degradation kinetics as recommended in the European Union pesticide authorization procedure, MACRO was unable to accurately simulate the long-term fate of metribuzin and diketometribuzin; the concentrations in the soil were underestimated by many orders of magnitude. By introducing alternative kinetics (a two-site approach), we captured the observed leaching scenario, thus underlining the necessity of accounting for the long-term sorption and dissipation characteristics when using models to predict the risk of groundwater contamination.

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme, Monitoring results 1999 - 2008

  Jeanne Kjær, Annette E. Rosenbom, Preben Olsen, Vibeke Ernstsen, Finn Plauborg, Ruth Grant, Per Nyegaard, Lasse Gudmundsson, Walter Brüsch

  01/2009; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2008.html.

  ISBN: 978-87-7871-252-3

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme, Monitoring results 1999 - 2007

  Jeanne Kjær, Annette E. Rosenbom, Preben Olsen, René K. Juhler, Finn Plauborg, Ruth Grant, Per Nygaard, Lasse Gudmundsson, Walter Brüsch

  01/2008; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2007.html.

  ISBN: 978-87-7871-220-2
• 4.80

  Impact points

  Leaching of estrogenic hormones from manure-treated structured soils.

  Jeanne Kjaer, Preben Olsen, Kamilla Bach, Heidi C Barlebo, Flemming Ingerslev, Martin Hansen, Bent Halling-Sørensen

  Environmental science & technology. 07/2007; 41(11):3911-7.

  The threat to the aquatic environment posed by root zone leaching of estrogens from manure-treated fields has hitherto been overlooked. The steroid hormones 17beta-estradiol (E2) and its degradation product estrone (E1) are of particular environmental concern as both are abundant in slurryfrom pregn... [more] The threat to the aquatic environment posed by root zone leaching of estrogens from manure-treated fields has hitherto been overlooked. The steroid hormones 17beta-estradiol (E2) and its degradation product estrone (E1) are of particular environmental concern as both are abundant in slurryfrom pregnant and cycling pigs and both are potential endocrine disruptors (lowest observable effect level (LOEL) 14 and 3.3 ng/L, respectively). The present one-year study examines the transport of E1 and E2 from manure to tile drainage systems at two field sites on structured, loamy soil. The estrogens leached from the root zone to tile drainage water in concentrations exceeding the LOEL for as long as 3 months after application, with the maximum recorded concentration of E1 and E2 being 68.1 and 2.5 ng/ L, respectively. Transport of estrogens from the soil to the aquatic environment was governed by pronounced macropore flow and consequent rapid movement of the estrogens to the tile drains. These findings suggest that the application of manure to structured soils poses a potential contamination risk to the aquatic environment with estrogen, particularly when manure is applied to areas where the majority of streamwater derives from drainage water.

• Leaching of Estrogenic Hormones from Manure-Treated Structured Soils

  J. Kjær, P. Olsen, K. Bach, H.C. Barlebo, F. Ingerslev, M. Hansen, B.H. Sorensen

  Environmental Science & Technology. 06/2007; 41.

  Abstract: The threat to the aquatic environment posed by root zone leaching of estrogens from manure-treated fields has hitherto been overlooked. The steroid hormones 17-estradiol (E2) and its degradation product estrone (E1) are of particular environmental concern as both are abundant in slurry fro... [more] Abstract: The threat to the aquatic environment posed by root zone leaching of estrogens from manure-treated fields has hitherto been overlooked. The steroid hormones 17-estradiol (E2) and its degradation product estrone (E1) are of particular environmental concern as both are abundant in slurry from pregnant and cycling pigs and both are potential endocrine disruptors (lowest observable effect level (LOEL) 14 and 3.3 ng/L, respectively). The present one-year study examines the transport of E1 and E2 from manure to tile drainage systems at two field sites on structured, loamy soil. The estrogens leached from the root zone to tile drainage water in concentrations exceeding the LOEL for as long as 3 months after application, with the maximum recorded concentration of E1 and E2 being 68.1 and 2.5 ng/L, respectively. Transport of estrogens from the soil to the aquatic environment was governed by pronounced macropore flow and consequent rapid movement of the estrogens to the tile drains. These findings suggest that the application of manure to structured soils poses a potential contamination risk to the aquatic environment with estrogen, particularly when manure is applied to areas where the majority of streamwater derives from drainage water

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme, Monitoring results May 1999 - June 2006

  Jeanne Kjær, Preben Olsen, Heidi C. Barlebo, Trine Henriksen, Finn Plauborg, Ruth Grant, Per Nygaard, Lasse Gudmundsson, Annette Rosenbom

  01/2007; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2006.html.

  ISBN: 978-7871-197-7
• 4.80

  Impact points

  Leaching of metribuzin metabolites and the associated contamination of a sandy Danish aquifer.

  Jeanne Kjaer, Preben Olsen, Trine Henriksen, Marlene Ullum

  Environmental science & technology. 12/2005; 39(21):8374-81.

  As degradation products of metribuzin have received little attention as potential groundwater contaminants, we evaluated leaching of metribuzin and its primary metabolites desaminometribuzin (DA), desaminodiketometribuzin (DADK), and diketometribuzin (DK) at a sandy test site in Denmark. Soil water ... [more] As degradation products of metribuzin have received little attention as potential groundwater contaminants, we evaluated leaching of metribuzin and its primary metabolites desaminometribuzin (DA), desaminodiketometribuzin (DADK), and diketometribuzin (DK) at a sandy test site in Denmark. Soil water and groundwater were sampled monthly over a four-year period. Leaching of metribuzin and DA was negligible. DK and DADK leached from the root zone (1 meter below ground surface (mbgs)) in average concentrations considerably exceeding the EU limit value for drinking water (0.1 microg/L). Both metabolites appear to be relatively stable and persisted in soil water and groundwater several years after application. Past application of metribuzin at the site had contaminated the groundwater with both DK and DADK, which were detected in 99% and 48%, respectively, of the groundwater samples analyzed. Except for three of the groundwater samples, the DADK concentration never exceeded the EU limit value. In contrast, the annual concentration of DK exceeded 0.1 microg/L at 90% of the screens analyzed. The present findings suggest that as the degradation products of metribuzin can leach through sandy soil in high concentrations, they could potentially contaminate the groundwater. In view of this risk DK and DADK should both be included in monitoring programs and their ecotoxicological effects should be further investigated.

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme, Monitoring results May 1999 - June 2004

  Jeanne Kjær, Preben Olsen, Heidi C. Barlebo, Trine Henriksen, Rene K. Juhler, Finn Plauborg, Ruth Grant, Per Nygaard, Lasse Gudmundsson

  01/2005; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2004.html.

  ISBN: 87-7871-166-5

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme, Monitoring results 1999-2003

  Jeanne Kjær, Preben Olsen, Heidi C. Barlebo, Rene K. Juhler, Finn Plauborg, Ruth Grant, Lasse Gudmundsson, Walter Brüsch

  01/2004; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2003.html.

  ISBN: 87-7871-128-2

• Leaching of glyphosate and AMPA as affected by soil properties and precipitation distribution

  J. Kjaer, P. Olsen, M. Ullum, R. Grant

  Pesticide in Air, Plant, Soil & Water System. 01/2003;

  The leaching of glyphosate was evaluated under field conditions at one sandy and two loamy sites. Pesticides were applied to the test fields as part of standard agricultural practice and in accordance with current regulation. Samples of drainage water, ground water, and soil water taken from the uns... [more] The leaching of glyphosate was evaluated under field conditions at one sandy and two loamy sites. Pesticides were applied to the test fields as part of standard agricultural practice and in accordance with current regulation. Samples of drainage water, ground water, and soil water taken from the unsaturated zone were analysed for contents of pesticides. At one loamy site, glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA leached from the root zone to the tile drains in average concentration considerably exceeding 0.1 mug/l. The average concentration of glyphosate and AMPA in the drainage water during the leaching period of 2000/2601 was 0.54 mug/l and 0.17 mug/l respectively. The leaching appeared to be governed by a combination of pronounced macropore flow occurring shortly after application as well as a limited sorption and degradation capacity allowing both compounds to leach continuously throughout the six months leaching period. Evidence of glyphosate and AMPA leaching was restricted to the depth of the tile drains, neither of these compounds being detected in groundwater monitoring screen situated beneath the depth of the tile drains. At the two remaining sites, the leaching of both glyphosate and AMPA was found to be negligible

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme, Monitoring results May 1999 - June 2002

  Jeanne Kjær, Marlene Ullum, Preben Olsen, Pia Sjelborg, Arne Helweg, Betty Bügel Mogensen, Finn Plauborg, Ruth Grant, Inge S. Fomsgaard, Walter Brüsch

  01/2003; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2002_uk/index.html.

  ISBN: 87-7871-115-0

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme - Monitoring results, May 1999-June 2001

  Jeanne Kjær, Marlene Ullum, Preben Olsen, Pia Sjelborg, Arne Helweg, Betty Mogensen, Finn Plauborg, Jørgen Ole Jørgensen, Bo Vangsøe Iversen, Inge Fomsgaard, Bo Lindhardt

  01/2002; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2001.html.

  ISBN: 87-7871-103-7

• The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme. Monitoring results May 1999 - July 2000

  Jeanne Kjær, Preben Olsen, Pia Sjelborg, Inge Fomsgaard, Betty Mogensen, Finn Plauborg, Jørgen Ole Jørgensen, Bo Lindhardt

  01/2001; http://pesticidvarsling.dk/monitor_uk/2000.html.

  ISBN: 87-7871-095-2