Peter Arend

Publications

• 3.59

  Impact points

  "Natural" antibodies and histo-blood groups in biological development with respect to histo-blood group A. A perspective review.

  Peter Arend

  Immunobiology. 05/2011; 216(12):1318-21.

  The "inappropriate" A-specific ovarian glycosphingolipids discovered in unfertilized C57BL/10J female mice reflect growth processes, which suggest the activity of embryonic stem cells undergoing genetic polymorphism. And the responding anti-GalNAc antibody represents the first classical &q... [more] The "inappropriate" A-specific ovarian glycosphingolipids discovered in unfertilized C57BL/10J female mice reflect growth processes, which suggest the activity of embryonic stem cells undergoing genetic polymorphism. And the responding anti-GalNAc antibody represents the first classical "natural" antibody, which was unmasked as a highly specific autoantibody. This murine anti-A is subspecifically distinct from the human antibody, discovering by a broader reactivity growth-dependent, xenoreactive A-specific structures also in non-reproductive murine tissues, where an equivalent of the human AB gene family as a cis AB-gene encodes A-and B glycotransferases. Expression of antigen is known to need always more than its encoded enzyme, and the special mechanism which in the C57BL/10J murine ovarian glycospingolipids blocks the expression of "B" still remains still unknown. A herewith arising postulation of a growth-predominating common biological activity may be supported by findings in rats. The number of A-genes here significantly exceeds those of B and in the Wistar rat the A-antigen is only expressed in the wild type, while B-expression requires the transfer of human B. Nevertheless in transgenic rats, the appearance of "A" still remains more pronounced. The observations lead to reports on animals, which do not show AB transferase production or a respective antigen expression in their normal tissues, but inconcistently display A activity in malignant tumors. And respective examples are delivered by phenotype independent neo expressions of "inappropriate" A-specific structures in human cancer. Although in comparison with epitope deletions they are rare, the ubiquitous "natural" (IgM and IgG) anti-A and anti-B levels, against self and not self, irrespective of the blood group in any normal human sera, may reflect invisible "inappropriate" A-specific growth. The role of the associated (auto) anti-B might be different, because B-neo expressions obviously not occur in cancer, and anti-gal-antibodies are supposed to originate primarily from environmental, cross-reactive stimulation, and beyond their functions in defense are otherwise engaged in physiology. In general natural antibody specificities undergo significant phylogenetical changes within the species. However, the in nature wide-spread "natural" anti-A agglutinin specificities survived or even predominated the long-term evolution from the brown trout up to man and still respond to the biological power, i.e. the products of a CAZY glycosyltransferase 6 (ABO) gene family. It is so hypothesized that both, the murine and human "natural" anti-A antibodies represent examples of a still to be analyzed polyclonal response to a provocative, species-independent evolutionary epitope, which arises or escapes by some enzymatic predominance from the genetical polymorphism in a consistent developmental process.

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• 3.59

  Impact points

  An auto-reactive A-like ovarian determinant distinct from xeno-reactive A-like structures.

  P Arend

  Immunobiology. 02/1980; 156(4-5):410-7.

  The "natural" anti-A antibody of the mouse is an autoantibody due to the age-dependent appearance of an A-like auto-reactive determinant, which is predominantly displayed by ovarian tissue and probably occurs in other tissues below the level of detection. The present study shows that this ... [more] The "natural" anti-A antibody of the mouse is an autoantibody due to the age-dependent appearance of an A-like auto-reactive determinant, which is predominantly displayed by ovarian tissue and probably occurs in other tissues below the level of detection. The present study shows that this determinant is distinct from murine structures which react with xenogeneic anti-A antibody, and that it does not involve the widespread heterogenetic (Forssman-type) A-related specificity. Whereas xeno-reactive A-like structures, which combine with the human "natural" anti-A antibody, are exhibited by several murine tissues and Forssman-type structures by all of them, the murine "natural" anti-A antibody solely reflects the autoantigenic power of the particular determinant discovered in ovarian tissue. This determinant, which undergoes a unique genetic regulation, is present in both the ovary of the C57BL/10 inbred mouse and that of the NMRI outbred mouse and may thus represent a common murine component.

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• 34.48

  Impact points

  A-specific autoantigenic ovarian glycolipids inducing production of 'natural' anti-A antibody.

  P Arend, J Nijssen

  Nature. 10/1977; 269(5625):255-7.

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• Age-dependent appearance of A-specific ovarian glycolipids and syngeneic "natural" anti-A hemolysin in mice.

  P Arend, J Nijssen

  Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung. Immunobiology. 05/1977; 153(1):74-84.

  C57BL/10 inbred mice produce a "natural" antibody which in the presence of complement selectively lyses human blood group A erythrocytes, and the sera of females display significantly higher levels than the sera of males. This pronounced anti-A hemolysin production in females follows the a... [more] C57BL/10 inbred mice produce a "natural" antibody which in the presence of complement selectively lyses human blood group A erythrocytes, and the sera of females display significantly higher levels than the sera of males. This pronounced anti-A hemolysin production in females follows the appearance of specific endogenous A-determinants which are associated with water-soluble ovarian glycolipids specifically blocking the syngeneic anti-A hemolysin activity. Moreover, this hemolysin activity develops poorly in mice ovariectomized at the age of 20 days. The coincidental production of (auto)antigenic structures in morphologically and functionally normal ovarian tissue and of antibodies against them is thought to be tolerated through the modulation of a thymusdirected control mechanism.

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• Significance of specific ovarian receptors for syngeneic naturally-occurring haemagglutinating anti-A antibodies.

  P Arend, J Nijssen

  Journal of immunogenetics. 01/1977; 3(6):373-82.

  Haemagglutinins which specifically combine with membrane determinants of human blood group A erythrocytes and which are distinguishable from any other haemagglutinin specificities display marked sex dependency in C57BL/10 mice. All the sera of 80-day-old C57BL/10 females exert moderate to strong ant... [more] Haemagglutinins which specifically combine with membrane determinants of human blood group A erythrocytes and which are distinguishable from any other haemagglutinin specificities display marked sex dependency in C57BL/10 mice. All the sera of 80-day-old C57BL/10 females exert moderate to strong anti-A haemagglutinin activities which could be detected only in approximately half of the sera of the males of the same age. Investigations of the murine tissues revealed that the production of anti-A haemagglutinins in females is reflected by simultaneous synthesis of strong endogenous receptors detected in the ovaries and associated with water-soluble glycolipid fractions. The receptor activity was demonstrated by means of haemagglutination inhibition in comparison with appropriate controls and glycolipid preparations from seventeen other different male and female tissues, and the inhibitory effects exerted by the ovarian glycolipids were statistically significant on the basis of multiple comparisons at the 1% level in each possible pair of effects.

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• 2.03

  Impact points

  Comparative studies of the activity of ciclacillin and dicloxacillin.

  H Mückter, H Sous, G Poszich, P Arend

  Chemotherapy. 02/1976; 22(3-4):183-9.

  The penicillins ciclacillin and dicloxacillin demonstrate marked similarities in biological activity but, as far as can be determined, differ substantially in respect to the degree of protein binding, which is relatively low for ciclacillin and relatively high for dicloxacillin. In mice infected wit... [more] The penicillins ciclacillin and dicloxacillin demonstrate marked similarities in biological activity but, as far as can be determined, differ substantially in respect to the degree of protein binding, which is relatively low for ciclacillin and relatively high for dicloxacillin. In mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus Smith, ciclacillin is considerably more active than dicloxacillin, although both drugs are similarly effective in vitro and similarly absorbed and eliminated in vivo. The high degree of protein binding exhibited by dicloxacillin could therefore very probably explain its relatively low chemotherapeutic activity. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo findings of the study are inconsistent with the tenets of the tau/2 thesis.
• 0.69

  Impact points

  Relationship between the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of ciclacillin and ampicillin and the time of their administration in experimental infections.

  P Arend, H Sous, G Poszich, H Mŭckter

  Arzneimittel-Forschung. 10/1975; 25(9):1382-5.

  In an attempt to explain the discrepancy between the weak in vitro activity and good clinical efficacy of ciclacillin, a time-dosage-efficacy study was made in order to investigate the relationship of the effectiveness of this antibiotic to the interval between experimental infection and administrat... [more] In an attempt to explain the discrepancy between the weak in vitro activity and good clinical efficacy of ciclacillin, a time-dosage-efficacy study was made in order to investigate the relationship of the effectiveness of this antibiotic to the interval between experimental infection and administration in comparison to ampicillin, which because of its similar antimicrobial spectrum and completely different pharmacokinetic properties was particularly suitable for use in the study. Various single oral doses of both antibiotics were administered once to NMRI (SPF) mice at various intervals (0, 1, 2 or 3 h) following experimental infection with E. coli WT 102, E. coli 3033 or E. coli 026:B6 and the CD50's determined and compared statistically. It was demonstrated that the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of both antibiotics was markedly dependent on the interval between experimental infection and administration. Whereas ampicillin was superior to ciclacillin when drug and infective organism were administered simultaneously (0 h), ciclacillin was superior to ampicillin when it was administered 3 h after experimental infection. Both antibiotics were about equally effective when administered 1 or 2 h after infection. The difference in the serum concentrations and rates of absorption and excretion of the two drugs is assumed to be the reason for this phenomenon, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ciclacillin, in particular its rapid and almost complete absorption and rapid attainment of high peak serum levels, are discussed as at least a partial explanation of the difference in its in vitro and in vivo activities.
• 2.59

  Impact points

  Antigenic alteration of red cell surfaces exposed to enzymatic actions of autologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukocyte-induced antigenic alteration.

  P Arend, H Malchow

  Vox sanguinis. 02/1974; 26(4):344-60.

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• 1.59

  Impact points

  Superconducting Accelerator Magnet Cooling Systems

  Peter C. Vander Arend, William B. Fowler

  Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on. 07/1973;

  A cryogenic system has been designed for cooling ~1000 superconducting magnets associated with the proposed "energy-doubler" at the National Accelerator Laboratory. This paper reports on design parameters, cooling concepts, heat transfer and pressure drops. Even though in final design chan... [more] A cryogenic system has been designed for cooling ~1000 superconducting magnets associated with the proposed "energy-doubler" at the National Accelerator Laboratory. This paper reports on design parameters, cooling concepts, heat transfer and pressure drops. Even though in final design changes are anticipated, the attempt in this work is to complete a refrigeration design which would accomplish the cooling necessary for the energy doubler magnets.

• Possibility of enzymatic interaction between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and autologous lymphocytes in the mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation.

  P Arend, H Malchow, D Cappeller

  Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung, experimentelle und klinische Immunologie. 01/1973; 144(4):366-71.

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• 5.18

  Impact points

  Enzymatic actions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on specific membrane receptors of autologous cells.

  P Arend, H Malchow

  European journal of immunology. 07/1972; 2(3):292-4.

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• [Mediator functions of leukocytes with polymorphic nuclei in mitogen-induced proliferation of autologous lymphocytes. (Significance of the protease-antiprotease and esterase-antiesterase system for growth)]

  P Arend, H Malchow, D Capeller, C Becker

  Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin. 02/1972; 78:681-4.

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• 5.18

  Impact points

  Observations on different origins of "naturally" occurring antibodies.

  P Arend

  European journal of immunology. 12/1971; 1(5):398-402.

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• 0.69

  Impact points

  [Mechanism and specificity of endotoxin binding to cell membranes]

  P Arend, G F Springer

  Arzneimittel-Forschung. 11/1971; 21(10):1506-9.

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• [Determination of an anti-ce(f)-specific autoantibody in the antibody deficiency syndrome and immunohemolytic anemia]

  P Arend, K Havemann

  Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin. 02/1971; 77:1133-5.

• [Behavior of incomplete antibodies of the ABO(H) blood group system in idiopathic, chronic ulcerative colitis. Comparative studies in patients with ulcerative colitis, healthy subjects and females following heterospecific pregnancy]

  P Arend, R Niedner

  Klinische Wochenschrift. 10/1970; 48(18):1102-7.

• Ulcerative colitis. Etiologic unity or polyetiologic syndrome?

  P Arend, G A Martini

  American journal of proctology. 10/1970; 21(5):331-6.

• [Varying influence of increased enteral antigen absorption on the behavior of "natural" antibodies in O and A blood group subjects. Comparative blood group serological studies on patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy persons]

  P Arend, G Fehlhaber

  Klinische Wochenschrift. 06/1969; 47(10):535-41.

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• 0.60

  Impact points

  [Medicamentous conservative treatment of ulcerative colitis]

  G A Martini, P Arend

  Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift für alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen. 11/1968; 39(10):442-6.
• 0.34

  Impact points

  [Ulcerative colitis (etiology, clinical picture and therapy)]

  P Arend, G A Martini

  Der Internist. 09/1968; 9(8):329-35.