Muhammed em

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  Available from: Muhammed em

  Article: THERMAL STRESS IN DAIRY CATTLE 12 3 4

  A Prasad, E M Muhammed, A Kannan, T V Aravindakshan
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  ABSTRACT: Crosses of temperate cattle reared in tropical ambience lapse in heat tolerance, fertility and disease resistance. However, cross breeding zebu with high yielding exotic cattle seems necessary to meet the need for enhanced composite milk production per unit in view of food security. Thermal stress is considered as the main factor responsible for reduction of milk yield in tropical climate. Any model for the study of thermal stress in dairy cattle should encompass related effect of ambient parameters of temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation as the stressor and behavioural, autonomic, neuroendocrine and immunological endpoints as responses. The responses reach different response states depending on the severity of the stressor. Response measurements are at behavioural, physiological, biochemical and cellular level, which also include hormone, protein and gene expression assays. By fitting these measurements to the described model we can work out the biological and economic cost of thermal stress and the level of adaptation of the dairy animal in question. Such studies taking in to consideration the diverse nature of climatic factors is imperative for finding ameliorative measures to reduce the thermal stress experienced by the existing cattle population and for the possible genetic and management strategies for evolving and maintaining a climatically adapted dairy stock in a state like Kerala. This review analyses suitable model for climatic adaptation studies in the hot and humid climate especially in small holder production systems.
  JIVA. 12/2012; 10(3):45-51.
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  Article: BETA CASEIN A1A2 POLYMORPHISM AND MILK YIELD IN VECHUR, KASARGODE DWARF AND CROSSBRED CATTLE* 1 2

  E M Muhammed, M Stephen
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  ABSTRACT: Beta Casein (â-CN) is the second most abundant protein in cow's milk that contains 209 amino acids. Among the twelve â-CN variants identified A1 and A2 are the common types and others are very rare. A1 variant has histidine at position 67 of the amino acid sequence while A2 possess proline at this position-this polymorphism has attracted much public health attention, since consumption of A1 milk is reported to cause various illness. The high producing Bos taurus cattle are found to possess more A1 allele. The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between â-CN A1/A2 polymorphism with milk yield in Vechur, Kasargode and Crossbred cattle. The average daily milk yield was 1.27±0.05 kg in Vechur cattle and the peak yield of crossbred cattle was 10.71±1.046 kg. The average daily milk yield for A1A2 genotype in Vechur cattle was 1.52±0.08 kg and 1.14±0.04 kg for A2A2 genotype and the difference in the milk yield of the two genotypes was significantly different (p=0.05). In crossbred cattle the peak yield (kg) of A1A1 genotype was 14.64±3.181, 8.54±0.194 for A1A2 genotype and 9.09±0.125 for A2A2 genotype. The A1A1 genotype in crossbred cattle showed significantly higher average peak yield compared to other genotypes and difference between A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were not significantly different (p=0.05). Thus it can be concluded that selection for enhancing milk production may increase the frequency of harmful A1 allele in bovine population.
  JIVA. 12/2012; 10(`3):5-9.