Michael E Andrew

Publications (136) View all

• Article: Association of the Period3 clock gene length polymorphism with salivary cortisol secretion among police officers.

  Michael Wirth, James Burch, John Violanti, Cecil Burchfiel, Desta Fekedulegn, Michael Andrew, Hongmei Zhang, Diane B Miller, Shawn D Youngstedt, James R Hébert, John E Vena
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  ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated whether measures of waking or diurnal cortisol secretion, or self-reported psychological disturbances differed among police officers with a Period3 (PER3) clock gene length polymorphism. METHODS: The cortisol awakening response was characterized via the area under the salivary cortisol curve with respect to the increase (AUCI) or total waking cortisol (AUCG). Diurnal cortisol measures included the slope of diurnal cortisol and the diurnal AUCG. Psychological disturbances were characterized using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Impact of Events Scale, and Life Events Scale. RESULTS: Officers with a 4/5 or 5/5 genotype had higher awakening AUCG and greater diurnal cortisol AUCG levels compared to officers with the 4/4 genotype. Among those working more afternoon or night shifts, waking AUCI and AUCG were greater among officers with a 4/5 or 5/5 genotype compared to the 4/4 referents. CONCLUSION: Cortisol secretion was modified among police officers with different PER3 VNTR clock gene variants.
  Neuro endocrinology letters 02/2013; 34(4):27-37. · 1.30 Impact Factor
• Article: Differential Mouse Pulmonary Dose- and Time Course-Responses to Titanium Dioxide Nanospheres and Nanobelts.

  Dale W Porter, Nianqiang Wu, Ann Hubbs, Robert Mercer, Kathleen Funk, Fanke Meng, Jiangtian Li, Michael Wolfarth, Lori Battelli, Sherri Friend, Michael Andrew, Raymond Hamilton, Krishnan Sriram, Feng Yang, Vincent Castranova, Andrij Holian
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  ABSTRACT: Three anatase titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles were prepared; nanospheres (NS), short nanobelts (NB1) and long nanobelts (NB2). These nanoparticles were used to investigate the effect of nanoparticle shape and length on lung toxicity. Mice were exposed (0-30 µg per mouse) by pharyngeal aspiration and pulmonary toxicity was assessed over a 112 day time course. Whole lung lavage data indicated that NB1- and NB2-exposed mice, but not NS-exposed mice, had significant dose- and time-dependent pulmonary inflammation and damage. Histopathological analyses at 112 days post-exposure determined no interstitial fibrosis in any NS-exposed mice, an increased incidence in 30 µg NB1-exposed mice, and significant interstitial fibrosis in 30 µg NB2-exposed mice. At 112 days post-exposure, lung burden of NS was decreased by 96.4% and NB2 by 80.5% from initial deposition levels. At 112 days post-exposure, enhanced dark field microscopy determined that alveolar macrophages were the dominant deposition site, but a fraction of NB1 and NB2 was observed in the alveolar interstitial spaces. For the 30 µg exposure groups at 112 days post-exposure, confocal microscopy and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that retained NB2 but not NS were present in the interstitium subjacent to the terminal bronchiole near the normal location of the smallest lymphatic capillaries in the lung. These lymphatic capillaries play a critical role in particle clearance, and the accumulation of NB2, but not NS, suggests possible impaired lymphatic clearance by the high aspect ratio particles. In summary, our data indicate that TiO(2) nanoparticle shape alters pulmonary responses, with severity of responses being ranked as NS<NB1<NB2.
  Toxicological Sciences 09/2012; · 4.65 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: Diane Miller

  Article: The cortisol response in policemen: Intraindividual variation, not concentration level, predicts truncal obesity.

  Dan S Sharp, Michael E Andrew, Desta B Fekedulegn, Cecil M Burchfiel, John M Violanti, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Diane B Miller
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  ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: Chronic stress, characteristic of police work, affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis' control of cortisol production. Capacity to vary cortisol may be the appropriate measurement to interpret associations with chronic diseases, including obesity, best measured by variability within a person, not central tendency. METHODS: On each of 217 policemen, 18 saliva specimens were obtained for cortisol. Statistical models examined the associations of within-subjects (W-S) cortisol standard deviation (SD) and W-S cortisol mean with waist circumference and four body composition indexes: BMI, and three derived from DEXA: fat-mass, and trunk and extremities lean-mass. Explained variance and the functional nature of associations are reported. RESULTS: Associations of anthropometrics with W-S cortisol mean were not statistically significant at P < 0.05; all associations with W-S cortisol SD were significant. The association of trunk lean mass index (LMIt ) with W-S cortisol SD dominated all models. Associations of W-S cortisol SD with other indexes vanished when models contained LMIt ; when any other index was included in models predicting LMIt , associations with W-S cortisol SD remained significant. The functional association between LMIt and W-S cortisol SD is progressively "hockey stick," monotonic increasing, and flattens at joint high values. CONCLUSIONS: Results support inferences that LMIt measures visceral adiposity and W-S cortisol variability appears to be an appropriate construct to measure in association with visceral adiposity. The "hockey stick" character of the association is consistent with other investigations suggesting obesity is associated with less W-S cortisol variation; however, the monotonic increase and flattening of association at increasing W-ScortisolSD values suggests a more complex association, potentially interpretable by allostasis models of causation. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
  American Journal of Human Biology 04/2013; · 2.27 Impact Factor
• Article: Adiposity, muscle, and physical activity: Predictors of perturbations in heart rate variability.

  Michael E Andrew, Li Shengqiao, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Joan P Dorn, Anna Mnatsakanova, Luenda E Charles, Desta Fekedulegn, Diane B Miller, John M Violanti, Cecil M Burchfiel, Dan S Sharp
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  ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: This study examines cross-sectional associations of indices of adiposity, lean body mass, and physical activity, with heart rate variability (HRV), a marker for parasympathetic cardiac vagal control. METHODS: The study population consists of 360 officers from the Buffalo New York Police Department. Indices of adiposity include body mass index, waist circumference, and a fat-mass index taken from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements. Lean body mass indices were derived from DEXA measurements of trunk mass and extremity lean mass. Physical activity was measured using a 7-day self-report questionnaire. HRV was obtained from 5-min electrocardiogram measurements by means of parametric spectral analysis resulting in estimates for high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) HRV. RESULTS: Both HF and LF HRV were significantly associated with markers for adiposity, two components of lean mass and physical activity with all associations being in the expected direction except that for trunk lean mass. This unexpected result is explained by the possibility that trunk mass is a marker for visceral adiposity rather than lean mass. Body mass index did not explain any additional variance in HRV above and beyond waist circumference and the DEXA indices. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of physical activity, lower levels of markers for central adiposity and higher lean mass in the extremities predict higher levels of HRV in this population of police officers. This association between modifiable risk factors and markers for autonomic function suggest possible interventions that may improve health and performance. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
  American Journal of Human Biology 04/2013; · 2.27 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: Luenda E Charles

  Article: Associations between Psychological Distress and Body Mass Index among Law Enforcement Officers: The National Health Interview Survey 2004-2010.

  Ja K Gu, Luenda E Charles, Cecil M Burchfiel, Michael E Andrew, Claudia Ma, Ki Moon Bang, John M Violanti
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  ABSTRACT: To investigate the association between psychological distress and obesity among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. Self-reported data on psychological distress based on six key questions were obtained from LEOs who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2010). We used Prochaska's cut-point of a Kessler 6 score ≥ 5 for moderate/high mental distress in our analysis. Mean levels of body mass index (BMI) were compared across three levels of psychological distress. The average age of LEOs (n = 929) was 39.3 years; 25% were female. Overall, 8.1% of LEOs had moderate or high psychological distress; 37.5% were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Mean BMI increased with increasing psychological distress (no distress, BMI = 27.2 kg/m(2); mild distress, 27.6 kg/m(2); and moderate/high distress, 33.1 kg/m(2); p = 0.016) after adjustment for age, race, income, and education level among female officers only. Physical activity modified the association between psychological distress and BMI but only among male LEOs (interaction p = 0.002). Among male LEOs reporting low physical activity, psychological distress was positively associated with BMI (30.3 kg/m(2) for no distress, 30.7 for mild distress, 31.8 for moderate/high distress; p = 0.179) after adjustment, but not significantly. This association was not significant among males reporting high physical activity. Mean BMI significantly increased as psychological distress increased among female LEOs. A longitudinal study design may reveal the directionality of this association as well as the potential role that physical activity might play in this association.
  Safety and health at work. 03/2013; 4(1):52-62.