Marine Grandgeorge

Publications

• Interventions assistées par l’animal : quelles connaissances et quelles perspectives ?

  Marine Grandgeorge

  ANAE - Approche Neuropsychologique des Apprentissages chez l'Enfant. 06/2012; 117.

  Après un court historique et une précision de la notion d’intervention assistée par l’animal, un point est fait sur les connaissances scientifiques actuelles. Ces rappels illustrent l’hétérogénéité des études ainsi que les biais couramment observés. En s’appuyant sur plusieurs recherches, nous montr... [more] Après un court historique et une précision de la notion d’intervention assistée par l’animal, un point est fait sur les connaissances scientifiques actuelles. Ces rappels illustrent l’hétérogénéité des études ainsi que les biais couramment observés. En s’appuyant sur plusieurs recherches, nous montrerons ensuite que l’animal peut avoir un impact multiple sur l’homme. Un accent particulier est enfin donné aux études portant sur les enfants avec autisme et les animaux de compagnie.
• 0.78

  Impact points

  Children with autism encounter an unfamiliar pet: Application of the Strange Animal Situation test

  Marine Grandgeorge, Michel Deleau, Eric Lemonnier, Sylvie Tordjman, Martine Hausberger

  Interaction Studies. 06/2012; 13(2):165-188.

  Autistic disorders are characterized by deficits in social interactions and communication, strong aversion or non-response to social stimuli. However, these children are often reported to develop strong bonds with companion animals. We hypothesized that children with autism (CAD) would present diffe... [more] Autistic disorders are characterized by deficits in social interactions and communication, strong aversion or non-response to social stimuli. However, these children are often reported to develop strong bonds with companion animals. We hypothesized that children with autism (CAD) would present different behavioural profiles when encountering an unfamiliar animal in a Strange Animal Situation close-to-life test. Twenty seven CAD were compared to 59 children with typical development (CTD). Our results. revealed similarities in the behaviour of both groups of children as well as patterns specific to the CAD (e.g. attracted by humans). Different profiles emerged depending on everyday living conditions. This study constitutes, to our knowledge, the first clear description of how children with autism react when encountering an unfamiliar animal and one of the first direct comparisons between CAD and CTD using a naturalistic but standardized setting.

• Evaluation of Emi interaction with non-disabled children in nursery school using wizard of Oz technique

  SAINT AIMÉ S, GRANDGEORGE M, LE PÉVÉDIC B, DUHAUT D

  IEEE International Conference ROBIO 2011, Phuket Island, Thailand; 01/2011

  Research in the field of emotional interaction is discussed here, for the EmotiRob project, to maintain interaction with children in the 4-to-8 year old age range. The objective of this project is to give comfort to vulnerable children and/or those undergoing long-term hospitalisation through the he... [more] Research in the field of emotional interaction is discussed here, for the EmotiRob project, to maintain interaction with children in the 4-to-8 year old age range. The objective of this project is to give comfort to vulnerable children and/or those undergoing long-term hospitalisation through the help of an emotional robot companion. The studies carried out on perception and emotional synthesis have allowed us to develop an experimental stuffed robot Emi, using an emotional model, iGrace, allowing for emotional reaction based on the speech of the user. This paper briefly presents the EmotiRob project and how emotion has been used for Emi. The last experiment done with children to evaluate their interaction with Emi is then described.

• Human-Robot: From interaction to relationship.

  GRANDGEORGE M, DUHAUT D

  CLAWAR2011, Paris, France; 01/2011

  Our world is widely composed of machines, robots, avatars and so on. We daily interact with them. Thus, it is time to reconsider our interactions between human and robot going from interaction to relationship. To model the relationship, we defined first the notion of bringing together which is built... [more] Our world is widely composed of machines, robots, avatars and so on. We daily interact with them. Thus, it is time to reconsider our interactions between human and robot going from interaction to relationship. To model the relationship, we defined first the notion of bringing together which is built on four dimensions: how, where, who and what. Then, we explained the shift to relationship inspired by social science studies, with a focus on human-robot research. Finally, we proposed a general protocol to evaluate the human–robot relationships illustrated by a case study methodology. Now, further research is needed in order to assess how to maximize robot acceptance in the human environment and what type of robot may help develop a positive relationship. For example, many possible application fields exist from education for children to cognitive stimulation and companionship for the elderly.

• The Strange Animal Situation

  Grandgeorge M, Deleau M, Lemonnier E, Hausberger M

  Anthrozoos. 01/2011; 24:393-408.

  Many tools assess the reactions of humans encountering familiar or unfamiliar partners or environments. Companion animals belong to our everyday environment and influence our lives. Whereas many standardized tools test companion animals' reactions to humans, few evaluate humans’ reactions to com... [more] Many tools assess the reactions of humans encountering familiar or unfamiliar partners or environments. Companion animals belong to our everyday environment and influence our lives. Whereas many standardized tools test companion animals' reactions to humans, few evaluate humans’ reactions to companion animals. We present here a test with a guinea pig that can be applied to a wide range of people in the home environment. This standardized test and simple coding system enabled us to characterize individual behavioral profiles of children and compare them in relation to different factors (e.g., gender, age, pet ownership). We observed 59 children (32 girls, 27 boys), aged between 6 and 12 years old. Our results show that most children first looked at the guinea pig (72%), smiled when they saw it (49%), and then went directly towards it without looking at their parent (79%). Many children touched the animal without hesitation (86%). Moreover, this test reveals more than the mere interest of children in guinea pigs. Indeed, a cluster analysis differentiated four behavioral profiles that reflected aspects of the children's experience, gender, and lifestyles. When encountering the unfamiliar guinea pig, children could be “confident” (go straight to the animal and touch it; 64%), “anxious” (look at parent; 12%), “indirect” (hesitate and touch; 14%), or “careful” (emit vocal and/or verbal behaviors; 10%). The potential future application of this research is to compare behavioral profiles quantitatively over the long term, taking into account the development and experiences of people with typical development and those with atypical development (e.g., autistic disorders).

• Influence de facteurs environnementaux sur le développement langagier des enfants avec troubles du spectre autistique.

  GRANDGEORGE M

  10ème Université d'automne de l'ARAPI, Le Croisic, FRANCE; 01/2010
• 4.41

  Impact points

  Environmental factors influence language development in children with autism spectrum disorders.

  Marine Grandgeorge, Martine Hausberger, Sylvie Tordjman, Michel Deleau, Alain Lazartigues, Eric Lemonnier

  PLoS ONE. 02/2009; 4(4):e4683.

  BACKGROUND: While it is clearly admitted that normal behavioural development is determined by the interplay of genetic and environmental influences, this is much less the case for psychiatric disorders for which more emphasis has been given in the past decades on biological determinism. Thus, previo... [more] BACKGROUND: While it is clearly admitted that normal behavioural development is determined by the interplay of genetic and environmental influences, this is much less the case for psychiatric disorders for which more emphasis has been given in the past decades on biological determinism. Thus, previous studies have shown that Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) were not affected by parental style. However, animal research suggests that different behavioural traits can be differentially affected by genetic/environmental factors. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the present study we hypothesized that amongst the ASD, language disorders may be more sensitive to social factors as language is a social act that develops under social influences. Using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, we compared the early characteristics of sensori-motor and language development in a large sample of children with ASD (n = 162) with parents belonging to different levels of education. The results showed that children raised by parents with a high level of education displayed earlier language development. Moreover, they showed earlier first words and phrases if their mother was at a high level of education, which reveals an additional gender effect. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge this study may trigger important new lines of thought and research, help equilibrate social and purely biological perspectives regarding ASD and bring new hopes for environmentally based therapies.

• Resilience of the British and Irish seabird community in the twentieth century

  Grandgeorge M, Wanless S, Dunn TE, Maumy M, Beaugrand G, Grémillet D

  Aquatic Biology. 01/2008; 4:187 - 199.

  We studied the British and Irish seabird community in the 20th century, a period of great anthropogenic impact. We determined the average body mass of community members and analysed population sizes, phylogenetic and spatial structures. We also quantified the total predation exerted by seabirds arou... [more] We studied the British and Irish seabird community in the 20th century, a period of great anthropogenic impact. We determined the average body mass of community members and analysed population sizes, phylogenetic and spatial structures. We also quantified the total predation exerted by seabirds around Britain and Ireland and the spatial distribution of this predation in the North Sea. To achieve these aims we used (1) presence or absence of the seabird species in the different counties of Britain and Ireland between 1875 to 1900 and 1968 to 1972, (2) seabird breeding censuses of Britain and Ireland from 1969 to 1970, 1985 to 1988 and 1998 to 2002, (3) at-sea abundance and distribution surveys of seabirds in the North Sea from 1980 to 1985 and 1990 to 1995, and (4) a bioenergetics model to estimate energy expenditures for 40 seabird species. Our analyses suggest a marked expansion in the breeding range of seabirds in Britain and Ireland between 1875 and 1972. Total seabird numbers also increased at an average rate of 1% per annum between 1969 and 2002, with a related increase of 115% in predicted total seabird predation. Only terns Sternidae declined during this second period. Some characteristics of the community (geographical and phylogenetic structure, body mass) showed minor and non-significant variability between 1969 and 2002. Finally, seabird predation in the North Sea showed a slight north-eastward shift be tween 1980 to 1985 and 1990 to 1995. Overall, our study indicates that the seabird community of Britain and Ireland has prospered during the 20th century. These results contrast with extensive breeding failures recorded during the first years of the 21st century, which indicate that certain species within the community are now being critically disturbed.