Larry W Hawk

Publications (68) View all

• Source

  Available from: Elisa M Trucco

  Article: The Interaction Between Self-Regulation and Motivation Prospectively Predicting Problem Behavior in Adolescence.

  Jessica D Rhodes, Craig R Colder, Elisa M Trucco, Carolyn Speidel, Larry W Hawk, Liliana J Lengua, Rina Das Eiden, William Wieczorek
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  ABSTRACT: A large literature suggests associations between self-regulation and motivation and adolescent problem behavior; however, this research has mostly pitted these constructs against one another or tested them in isolation. Following recent neural-systems based theories (e.g., Ernst & Fudge, 2009 ), the present study investigated the interactions between self-regulation and approach and avoidance motivation prospectively predicting delinquency and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. The community sample included 387 adolescents aged 11 to 13 years old (55% female; 17% minority). Laboratory tasks were used to assess self-regulation and approach and avoidance motivation, and adolescent self-reports were used to measure depressive symptoms and delinquency. Analyses suggested that low levels of approach motivation were associated with high levels of depressive symptoms, but only at high levels of self-regulation (p = .01). High levels of approach were associated with high levels of rule breaking, but only at low levels of self-regulation (p < .05). These findings support contemporary neural-based systems theories that posit integration of motivational and self-regulatory individual differences via moderational models to understand adolescent problem behavior.
  Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 03/2013; · 1.92 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: Elisa M Trucco

  Article: Prospective Associations of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems and Their Co-Occurrence with Early Adolescent Substance Use.

  Craig R Colder, Matthew Scalco, Elisa M Trucco, Jennifer P Read, Liliana J Lengua, William F Wieczorek, Larry W Hawk
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  ABSTRACT: The literature is equivocal regarding the role of internalizing problems in the etiology of adolescent substance use. In this study, we examined the association of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and their co-occurrence with early adolescent substance use to help clarify whether internalizing problems operate as a risk or protective factor. A large community sample (N = 387; mean age at the first assessment 12 years old; 83 % White/non-Hispanic) was assessed annually for 3 years. Externalizing problem behavior in the absence of internalizing problems showed the strongest prospective association with alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. A weaker, albeit statistically significant prospective positive association was found between co-occurring internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and substance use. Internalizing problems in the absence of externalizing problems protected adolescents against cigarette and marijuana use. Clarifying the role of internalizing problems in the etiology of adolescent substance use can inform the development of early intervention and prevention efforts. Our results highlight the importance of further considering the co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in developmental pathways to substance use.
  Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 12/2012; · 3.09 Impact Factor
• Article: Psychophysiological Assessment of Emotional Processing in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder With and Without Comorbid Substance Use.

  Joseph S Baschnagel, Scott F Coffey, Larry W Hawk, Julie A Schumacher, Garland Holloman
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  ABSTRACT: This study assessed physiological measures for the study of emotional dysregulation associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Two patient groups, the first comprised of individuals with BPD only (n = 16) and the second, individuals with BPD and co-occurring substance-use disorder (SUD; n = 35), and a group of healthy controls (n = 45) were shown standardized pictures of varying valance and arousal levels. Affective modification of startle eye-blink responses, heart rate, facial electromyography (EMG, including corrugator and zygomatic activity), and skin-conductance responses were collected during picture presentation and during a brief recovery period. Startle data during picture presentation indicated a trend toward the expected increase in startle response magnitude to negative stimuli, to be moderated by group status, with patients with BPD-SUD showing a lack of affective modification and the BPD-only group showing similar affective modification to that of controls. Heart-rate data suggested lower reactivity to negative pictures for both patient groups. Differences in facial EMG responses did not provide a clear pattern, and skin-conductance responses were not significantly different between groups. The data did not suggest differences between groups in recovery from exposure to the emotional stimuli. The startle and heart-rate data suggest a possible hyporeactivity to emotional stimuli in BPD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
  Personality disorders. 10/2012;
• Article: Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review.

  Leanne Tamm, Megan E Narad, Tanya N Antonini, Kathleen M O'Brien, Larry W Hawk, Jeffery N Epstein
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  ABSTRACT: For the past decade, intra-individual variability in reaction times on computerized tasks has become a central focus of cognitive research on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Numerous studies document increased reaction time variability among children and adults with ADHD, relative to typically developing controls. However, direct comparisons with other disorders with heightened reaction time variability are virtually nonexistent, despite their potential to inform our understanding of the phenomenon. A growing literature examines the sensitivity of reaction time variability to theoretically and clinically relevant manipulations. There is strong evidence that stimulus treatment reduces reaction time variability during a range of cognitive tasks, but the literature is mixed regarding the impact of motivational incentives and variation in stimulus event rate. Most studies of reaction time variability implicitly assume that heightened reaction time variability reflects occasional lapses in attention, and the dominant neurophysiological interpretation suggests this variability is linked to intrusions of task-negative brain network activity during task performance. Work examining the behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of reaction time variability provides some support for these hypotheses, but considerably more work is needed in this area. Finally, because conclusions from each of domains reviewed are limited by the wide range of measures used to measure reaction time variability, this review highlights the need for increased attention to the cognitive and motivational context in which variability is assessed and recommends that future work always supplement macro-level variability indices with metrics that isolate particular components of reaction time variability.
  Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 08/2012; 9(3):500-8. · 5.38 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: Larry W Hawk

  Article: The effects of varenicline on attention and inhibitory control among treatment-seeking smokers.

  Jessica D Rhodes, Larry W Hawk, Rebecca L Ashare, Nicolas J Schlienz, Martin C Mahoney
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  ABSTRACT: Varenicline represents a new class of smoking cessation aids that has different mechanisms of action that are unique from bupropion or nicotine replacement therapies. An improved understanding of these mechanisms may lead to greater treatment success in quitting smoking. We examined the effects of steady-state varenicline on attention and inhibitory control among adult treatment-seeking smokers. Adult smokers enrolled in a randomized clinical trial received either 4 weeks of pre-quit varenicline (n = 31) or 3 weeks of placebo (n = 26) followed by 1 week of standard varenicline treatment. Participants in the present work completed cognitive assessments at a baseline session (prior to treatment) and again 3 weeks later (during active treatment). At both sessions, participants completed the stop signal task to assess both lapses in attention and inhibitory control. Analyses indicated that varenicline improved lapses in attention compared to placebo. There were no significant differences observed between groups at either session for inhibitory control. The present study demonstrated that varenicline improves lapses in attention among treatment-seeking smokers preparing to make a quit attempt. These findings suggest that the domain of attention may be a good candidate for larger studies of the role of improved cognition in understanding the mechanisms of varenicline treatment for smoking cessation.
  Psychopharmacologia 04/2012; 223(2):131-8. · 4.08 Impact Factor