Krystyna Sitarek
Publications
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2.28Impact points
Evaluation of Reproductive Disorders in Female Rats Exposed to N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone.
Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology. 02/2012;
BACKGROUND: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a solvent used in the petrochemical, and electronic industries, in pesticides production, veterinary drugs, and paint removers. The aim of study was to evaluate the relationship between the dose of NMP given orally and its effect on fertility in female rat... [more] BACKGROUND: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a solvent used in the petrochemical, and electronic industries, in pesticides production, veterinary drugs, and paint removers. The aim of study was to evaluate the relationship between the dose of NMP given orally and its effect on fertility in female rats and early development of their progeny. METHODS: Females were exposed by gavage 5 days/week to NMP at 150, 450, or 1000 mg/kg/day 2 weeks before mating, during mating, gestation, and lactation. On the first postnatal day (PND 1), the live and dead pups were counted, weighed, and gender was determined. On PND 4, the litters were culled to eight animals each and balanced for gender. Young animals were observed during 3 weeks after birth. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fertility index did not significantly differ in the control and the group exposed at 150 mg/kg/day but it was significantly lower in the groups exposed at 450 or 1000 mg/kg/day. The number of live pups in the group exposed to the highest dose was significantly lower and the number of stillbirths in litters was significantly greater. Survival of the pups from all exposed groups during the 3 weeks after birth was significantly lower than the control animals. The results of our study indicate that intragastric exposure of female rats to NMP before pregnancy during gestation causes significant impairment in female fertility and intrauterine mortality rates. At lower doses, toxic or slightly toxic to the mothers, this substance causes decrease in viability and physical development of progeny.
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2.13Impact points
Prenatal developmental toxicity of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the rat.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 10/2010; 74(3):504-12.
The aim of the study was to assess the maternal toxicity of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and embryotoxic, fetotoxic, and teratogenic effects after administration of the PCN mixture to pregnant rats in four (0.3-9.0 mg/kg bw) daily doses during organogenesis (days 6-15 of gestation). For dams,... [more] The aim of the study was to assess the maternal toxicity of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and embryotoxic, fetotoxic, and teratogenic effects after administration of the PCN mixture to pregnant rats in four (0.3-9.0 mg/kg bw) daily doses during organogenesis (days 6-15 of gestation). For dams, a dose of 0.3 mg/kg bw, administered during organogenesis, has been established as NOAEL of PCNs, and a dose of 1 mg/kg bw, administered in the same period, as LOAEL. The dose-related fetotoxic (reduced body weight and length of the fetus, extension of renal pelvis and lateral brain ventricles, signs of delayed ossification and retardation in development of internal organs), and teratogenic effects (cleft palate and hydronephrosis) were recorded at all dose levels, also at the dose non-toxic to mothers. PCNs have been concluded to be potent fetotoxic and teratogenic agents producing similar effects to those of other toxic dioxin-like compounds.
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Perinatal exposure of mice to TCDD decreases allergic sensitisation through inhibition of IL-4 production rather than T regulatory cell-mediated suppression.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 01/2010; 23(1):75-83.
The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a widespread, man-made, persistent organic pollutant with high immunotoxic potentials. It suppresses cell-mediated and humoral immune responses through mechanisms dependent on aryl-hydrocarbon receptor expression and immunosuppressive activity of the... [more] The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a widespread, man-made, persistent organic pollutant with high immunotoxic potentials. It suppresses cell-mediated and humoral immune responses through mechanisms dependent on aryl-hydrocarbon receptor expression and immunosuppressive activity of the cells. Most sensitive to TCDD are organisms during fetal and infant life, mostly due to the developmental stage of many biological systems of the host, including immune system. Recent data show that T regulatory cells that have the potential to suppress immune reactions and which develop after TCDD exposure are also responsible for protection from allergy development. Our goal was to investigate if perinatal exposure to TCDD can affect allergic sensitisation and if T reg cells participate in this phenomenon. Mice, Balb/c, were perinatally exposed to TCDD or to the carrier. Six weeks old control or exposed mice were sensitised with ovalbumin. Spleen cells of the animals were used to assess the content of T reg cells by means of flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines were assessed by ELISA technique in supernatants of the cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody. As a measure of sensitisation, total IgE and anti-OVA IgE were measured in serum of mice by ELISA method. To assess the function of T reg cells isolated from OVA-sensitised control or TCDD exposed animals we performed transfer studies. Here we show that perinatal exposure to TCDD decreases allergic sensitisation and that this process is related to inhibition of IL-4 synthesis rather than suppression mediated by T regulatory cells. We hypothesise that dioxin exposure can be an important environmental modulator of immunological responses that participate in allergic reactions.
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Neurobehavioural functions in adult progeny of rat mothers exposed to methylmercury or 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (pcb 153) alone or their combination during gestation and lactation.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 10/2009;
Objectives: Methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Both are neurotoxic, especially for the developing brain. The main source of human exposure to MeHg and PCBs is seafood. The aim of the present work was to find out whether and how separate... [more] Objectives: Methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Both are neurotoxic, especially for the developing brain. The main source of human exposure to MeHg and PCBs is seafood. The aim of the present work was to find out whether and how separate or combined perinatal exposure to these neurotoxicants affects neurobehavioural functions in maturity. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on adult Wistar rats, the progeny of rat mothers exposed to MeHg (0.5 mg/kg/day or 2.0 mg/kg/day), PCB 153 (1.0 mg/kg/day or 5.0 mg/kg/day), or to MeHg 0.5 mg/kg/day + PCB 153 5.0 mg/kg/day, from day 7 of pregnancy to day 21 post partum. The following functions were assessed: spontaneous locomotor activity (open field test), spatial short-term memory (radial maze test), long-term memory (passive avoidance test), sensitivity to pain and vulnerability to stress (hot plate test), efficiency of the sensorimotor gating (startle response test), and sensorimotor coordination (the rotarod test). Results: The results obtained in the MeHg part of the study showed a reduced locomotor activity in the female progeny of both exposed groups, an impaired passive avoidance in the male progeny of the high and low exposure group and a faster recovery from the effects of the stressful experience (hot plate test) in the male progeny of the high dose group. Results obtained in the PCB part showed an increased locomotor activity in the female progeny of both exposure groups and impairment in rotarod performance in males of the high dose group. Neurobehavioural alterations were not found in either the females or males exposed jointly to MeHg and PCB 153. Conclusions: The results suggest that in condition of the combined exposure, MeHg may protect against the effects of PCB 153 and vice versa.
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Early developmental effects of separate or combined perinatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) in the rat.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 02/2009; 22(2):89-105.
Objectives: Methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollutants and food contaminants. Both are neurotoxic, especially for the developing nervous system. Material and Methods: Female rats were exposed from day 7 of pregnancy up to day 21 a... [more] Objectives: Methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollutants and food contaminants. Both are neurotoxic, especially for the developing nervous system. Material and Methods: Female rats were exposed from day 7 of pregnancy up to day 21 after the delivery to MeHg in drinking water, PCB 153 per os or MeHg+PCB 153. Assessment of the exposure effects in mothers included food and water intake, body weight and reproduction success. Assessment of the progeny comprised determination of body weight, time of pinna detachment, eye opening, incisor eruption, and the negative geotaxis, grip strength and righting reflex. Results: The following effects of the exposures were observed: A) MeHg: 0.5 mg/kg/day - no effect on maternal health status and reproduction. In the progeny: faster incisor eruption and hastened negative geotaxis development. MeHg 2.0 mg/kg/day: In mothers: signs of MeHg toxicity (reduced food intake and body weight, ataxia) during lactation. In the progeny: reduced rate of body weight increase, accelerated incisor eruption but delayed development of the righting reflex. B) PCB 153 exposure: 1.0 mg/kg/day: no effect on maternal health status, reproduction success or morphological and physical development of the progeny; 5.0 mg/kg/day: no effect on maternal health status and reproduction. In the progeny: accelerated growth in females, faster pinna detachment and incisor eruption but delayed development of the grip strength. C) MeHg+PCB153 exposure: none overt effect was noted in mothers or in their progeny. Conclusion: The results confirm the ability of a low level perinatal exposure to MeHg or PCB 153 to affect the early development in the rat. They have not provided, however, an evidence of a synergistic interaction of these contaminants. To the contrary, the results suggest that, at least under the conditions prevailing in the present study, MeHg and PCB 153 interact antagonistically.
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Assessment of reproductive toxicity and gonadotoxic potential of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in male rats.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 02/2008; 21(1):73-80.
OBJECTIVES: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a solvent used in petrochemical, electric and electronic industries, and in the production of paint removers, pesticides and veterinary drugs. The substance exhibits slight acute toxicity, and moderate irritant, embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. The aim... [more] OBJECTIVES: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a solvent used in petrochemical, electric and electronic industries, and in the production of paint removers, pesticides and veterinary drugs. The substance exhibits slight acute toxicity, and moderate irritant, embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. The aim of the study was to assess NMP reproductive toxicity and gonadotoxicity in male rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The animals were exposed per os to NMP at daily doses of 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg. After 10 weeks of exposure, each male was mated with nonexposed female, then all the males were autopsied, and epididymis and testis were fixed for pathomorphological examination. Viability and development of offspring was observed to 28 days postbirth. RESULTS: NMP at 1000 mg/kg was found to produce male infertility and extensive damage to the seminiferous epithelium in the seminal tubules of the testis. When administered at 100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg, it did not significantly affect fertility or spermatogenesis. NMP exposure at 100 mg/kg did not influence either the viability or the development of their offspring in the first month of life, while exposure at 300 mg/kg resulted in a significantly lower viability of the offspring in the first four days of life. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated that sub-chronic exposure of male rats to NMP at 1000 mg/kg/day produces gonadotoxic effect and brings about infertility. Administration at lower doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg did not impair male fertility, but only the lowest dose of 100 mg/kg was found to have no influence on the prenatal development of the progeny.
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Tissue distribution and excretion of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in male and female rats.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 02/2006; 19(2):142-8.
OBJECTIVES: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) belongs to solvents widely used in the petrochemical industry a well as in the production of pesticides, veterinary drugs and paint removers. NMP is easily absorbed from the respiratory tract, digestive system and through the skin. It is a compound of slight ... [more] OBJECTIVES: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) belongs to solvents widely used in the petrochemical industry a well as in the production of pesticides, veterinary drugs and paint removers. NMP is easily absorbed from the respiratory tract, digestive system and through the skin. It is a compound of slight acute toxicity that also displays moderate irritating activity. The aim of this study was to assess tissue distribution and excretion following a single intraperitoneal NMP administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue distribution and excretion of NMP following administration of a single dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (350 kBq/rat) was investigated using 14C. Blood plasma (6 rats per time point) were sampled up to 72 h after administration and determination of radioactivity. Male and female rats (4 animals per time point) were decapitated at appropriate time intervals and examined tissues were removed for determination of radioactivity. Excretion of 14C in urine and feces were also measured. All radioactivity measurements were carried out using a Rackbetta 1209 (LKB, Sweden) liquid scintillation counter. RESULTS: The highest 14C activity in tissues and internal organs of female and male rats was observed 4 h after administration of the compound. The highest accumulation was detected in the muscles and fat tissue as well as in the liver and testicles. During 72 h following administration, approximately 80% of the dose was excreted in urine. Elimination of the compound in feces was far less significant: only about 5% of the dose was excreted at once. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that there are no significant differences in 14C-NMP tissue distribution between male and female rats; NMP absorption from the peritoneal cavity to blood is rapid, disappearance from plasma is monophase and kidneys are the main route of excretion of NMP and/or its metabolites from the rat body after administration of a dose equal to 10% of LD50. The ability to accumulate NMP and/or its metabolites in testes and seminal vesicles may be the reason for fertility impairment in male rats observed after repeated exposure to this compound.
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[Teratogenic effect of rubber components]
Medycyna pracy. 02/2004; 55(1):93-9.
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal development of rats were exposed to Polnoks R and its monomer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMDHQ) by gavage every day on days 6-15 of gestation at doses equivalent 6%, 13% and 25% of LD50. Polnoks R and TMDHQ administered per os a... [more] This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal development of rats were exposed to Polnoks R and its monomer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMDHQ) by gavage every day on days 6-15 of gestation at doses equivalent 6%, 13% and 25% of LD50. Polnoks R and TMDHQ administered per os associated with significant maternal toxicity, embryonal lethality, retarded fetal development and congenital defects. Polnoks R induced skeletal malformations, internal hydrocephalus, and hydronephrosis. 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline produced internal malformations (exencephale, hydrocephalus, anophthalmia, hydronephrosis and renal hypoplasia) and skeletal malformations of ribs and vertebrae. Polnoks R monomer--2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline is used as an antioxidant in elastomer and rubber productions. Polnoks R and its monomer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline are teratogenic to rats and induces CNS, kidneys and skeletal defects.
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2.28Impact points
Maternal-fetal distribution and prenatal toxicity of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline in the rat.
Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology. 09/2003; 68(4):375-82.
BACKGROUND: Polnoks R (poly-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) is used as an antioxidant in elastomer processing. It is an embryotoxic and fetotoxic agent. This chemical given per os to female rats induces also teratogenic effect but only at doses toxic to the mother. The aim of the study was to ... [more] BACKGROUND: Polnoks R (poly-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) is used as an antioxidant in elastomer processing. It is an embryotoxic and fetotoxic agent. This chemical given per os to female rats induces also teratogenic effect but only at doses toxic to the mother. The aim of the study was to evaluate prenatal development and tissue distribution in rats exposed to 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMDHQ), a monomer of Polnoks R. METHODS: Females were exposed orally to unlabeled TMDHQ during organogenesis at doses 50-400 mg/kg to asses prenatal toxicity and to radiolabeled 14C monomer at a dose 210 mg/kg to evaluate tissues distribution. RESULTS: TMDHQ administered to pregnant females per os at doses 100 mg/kg and higher produced teratogenic effect (cleft palate, wavy ribs, kyphoscoliosis, exencephaly, external hydrocephalus, hydronephrosis, and renal hypoplasia). Peak 14C-radioactivity was found in mothers' plasma about 10 hr after administration of this compound at dose 210 mg/kg. The accretion of 14C proceeded with a kinetic constant of 0.35 hr(-1) and a half-life of 53.3 hr. Kidneys are the main organs of monomer excretion. The highest concentration of 14C in maternal tissues 24 hr after oral dosing was found in adipose tissue, sciatic nerve, muscles, kidneys, and liver. Radiocarbon retention in fetuses was the highest in kidneys at all time points after dosing. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated that transplacental exposure to Polnoks R monomer is teratogenic in rats. 14C retention in placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal tissues indicates that this compound or its metabolites penetrate into placenta to the fetus.
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Embryolethal and teratogenic effects of carbendazim in rats.
Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis. 02/2001; 21(5):335-40.
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal development of rats. Females were exposed to carbendazim by gavage every day on days 6-15 of gestation at doses 8, 35, 160 mg/kg b.w. Carbendazim administered at doses of 35 and 160 mg/kg was associated with significant maternal toxicity, ... [more] This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal development of rats. Females were exposed to carbendazim by gavage every day on days 6-15 of gestation at doses 8, 35, 160 mg/kg b.w. Carbendazim administered at doses of 35 and 160 mg/kg was associated with significant maternal toxicity, embryonal lethality, congenital defects, and retarded fetal development. It produced encephalocele, umbilical hernia, missing or shorter tail, and internal malformations of brain, kidneys, and skeletal malformations of ribs, arch, and vertebrae. NOEL for the dam and fetus in our study was 8 mg/kg/day.
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Concentrations of anaesthetic gases in hospital operating theatres.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 02/2000; 13(1):61-6.
Occupational exposure to anaesthetic gases (halothane, forane and nitrous oxide) was assessed in hospitals located in Lódź and its satellite towns. Individual dosimetry and stationary sampling methods were employed. The samples of air from workplaces were analysed by gas chromatography with mass det... [more] Occupational exposure to anaesthetic gases (halothane, forane and nitrous oxide) was assessed in hospitals located in Lódź and its satellite towns. Individual dosimetry and stationary sampling methods were employed. The samples of air from workplaces were analysed by gas chromatography with mass detection or flow ionisation (halothane, forane) and by infra-red spectroscopy method (nitrous oxide). The concentrations of halothane and accompanying substances (ethanol, isopropanol and diethyl ether) indicate that Polish OELs were met in the majority of the hospitals. As Polish hygiene standards for forane and nitrous oxide are no available, the concentration values were compared with Swedish and German OELs. The comparison revealed that forane concentrations did not exceed Swedish OEL but nitrous oxide did exceed German maximum allowable levels.
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Maternal and fetal toxicity of N-methylmorpholine by oral administration in rats.
Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis. 02/1999; 19(6):369-76.
N-methylmorpholine, which is used as a catalyst in polyurethane foams producing, in solvents, stabilizing agents, and corrosion inhibitors, was administered to female rats by gavage at 100, 200, 600, and 900 mg/kg during organogenesis. It did not exhibit selective toxicity toward the developing conc... [more] N-methylmorpholine, which is used as a catalyst in polyurethane foams producing, in solvents, stabilizing agents, and corrosion inhibitors, was administered to female rats by gavage at 100, 200, 600, and 900 mg/kg during organogenesis. It did not exhibit selective toxicity toward the developing conceptus. This compound administered to pregnant females was fetotoxic and teratogenic in the presence of maternal toxicity. N-methylmorpholine induced anophthalmia, internal hydrocephalus, and hydronephrosis but only at one dose which was also maternotoxic. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 19:369-376, 1999.
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Occupational exposure to ethylene oxide of hospital staff.
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 02/1999; 12(1):59-65.
Occupational exposure to ethylene oxide was assessed among the workers remaining in direct contact with ethylene oxide or with ethylene oxide-sterilized instruments in 13 hospitals located in the city of Lódź and its suburbs. Individual dosimetry and stationary sampling methods were employed. The sa... [more] Occupational exposure to ethylene oxide was assessed among the workers remaining in direct contact with ethylene oxide or with ethylene oxide-sterilized instruments in 13 hospitals located in the city of Lódź and its suburbs. Individual dosimetry and stationary sampling methods were employed. The samples collected from the occupational environment were analysed by gas chromatography with mass detection. The analytical method enabled determination of low ethylene oxide concentrations in the presence of the accompanying chemicals, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl ether and isoflurene. In total, 227 determinations were made, and ethylene oxide at concentrations above 0.01 mg/m3 (which was the detection limit of the method) was found to be present in 164 samples. The ethylene oxide levels were found to vary widely, from lower than 0.01 TLV to several hundred times the TLV value.
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[Evaluation of reproductive disorders in men occupational exposed to lead]
Medycyna pracy. 02/1998; 49(2):137-45.
The objective of the study was to define the prevalence of reproductive disorders in men occupationally exposed to lead in concentrations occurring usually in the work environment. The period of time preceding the conception in couples in which men were occupationally exposed to lead was adopted as ... [more] The objective of the study was to define the prevalence of reproductive disorders in men occupationally exposed to lead in concentrations occurring usually in the work environment. The period of time preceding the conception in couples in which men were occupationally exposed to lead was adopted as the measure of the disorder. A cross-section survey was performed. Men of selected plants of Upper Silesia and Głogów responded to questions included in the questionnaire regarding age, education, occupation, occupational exposure, health condition, addictions, the situation in the family as well as questions concerning the respondent's spouse (age, education, occupation, addictions, health condition). The blood lead concentrations in persons exposed to this metal in the period preceding the conception were defined on the basis of medical data stored by the plant occupational outpatient clinics. The control group consisted of workers of the metallurgic industry, living in Lódź or its vicinity, and non-occupationally exposed men living in Silesia. In total 341 exposed men and 510 non-exposed controls participated in the study. The investigated groups were rather homogeneous as to the age of those under study and their spouses, education, addictions and the number of children. The analysis of the survey results indicated that in 5% of couples in the control group the time before conception exceeded one year. A similar occurrence of reproductive disorders was found in couples in which man was occupationally exposed to lead. The proportion of couples with reproductive disorders in this group (regardless of the size of Pb exposure) was 6%. The stratification of the Pb-exposed groups, taking into account the exposure size in accordance with the WHO criteria (group 1-220 micrograms/l, that is below the accepted value above which the ZnPP level increases; group II-PbB 200-400 micrograms/l that is up to the level recommended as the highest level for the population occupationally exposed to lead; and group III-PbB above 400 micrograms/l) allowed the analysis of the frequency of reproductive disorders depending on the size of the exposure. The percentage of couples with delayed conception accounted for 4.5% in group I; 8.7% in group II, and in group III did not differ significantly from that in the control group. These results show that men's occupational exposure to lead below allowable concentration in the biological material (500 micrograms/Pb/l blood in Poland or 400 micrograms/Pbl recommended by WHO) does not pose the risk for prolonged period preceding the conception in their partners.
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[Disturbances of prenatal development in rats exposed to fenitrothion]
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. 02/1997; 48(3):217-28.
Female rats were given fenitrothion by gavage every other day from days 6-15 of gestation at daily doses 3, 15, 30, 45 mg/kg (0.3%, 1.7%, 3.4%, 5.2% LD50). Assessment of general toxicity of pregnant dams (death rate, body weight gain, food and water consumption, relative and absolute organs weight, ... [more] Female rats were given fenitrothion by gavage every other day from days 6-15 of gestation at daily doses 3, 15, 30, 45 mg/kg (0.3%, 1.7%, 3.4%, 5.2% LD50). Assessment of general toxicity of pregnant dams (death rate, body weight gain, food and water consumption, relative and absolute organs weight, hematocrit and hemoglobin level), embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity and teratogenicity of fenitrothion was performed. Death rate in female rats exposed at doses 45 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg was 88% and 39% respectively. The toxic activity of fenitrothion at dose 30 mg/kg was reflected in significant decreased body weight gain, food consumption, also hemoglobin and hematocrit values and decreased of absolute weight of liver and kidneys, increased relative weight of adrenal and ovaries. The toxic activity at dose 15 mg/kg/day was reflected in significant decreased of relative weight of liver. At the dose 30 mg/kg of fenitrothion exhibited embryotoxic effect producing significant increase in the frequency of early resorption per litter and postimplantation losses. Fetotoxic effect manifested by increased of frequency fetuses and litters with enlarged cerebral ventricles was observed at doses 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. Furthermore, at dose 30 mg/kg fenitrothion produced delayed ossification of sternum and cranium, and decrease fetal body weight and length. Fenitrothion at doses 3-30 mg/kg did not induced teratogenic effects. The NOAEL for developmental toxicity was 3 mg/kg/day (0.3 LD50) and the LOAEL 15 mg/kg/day (1.7 LD50).
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[Occupational exposure of medical personnel to chemical factors affecting fertility]
Medycyna pracy. 02/1997; 48(2):215-21.
Exposure to factors present in the working environment may exert an adverse effect on both those directly and on their progeny. Together with large populations exposed to harmful factors in different branches of industry (chemical, metallurgical, textile etc.), health service workers should be also ... [more] Exposure to factors present in the working environment may exert an adverse effect on both those directly and on their progeny. Together with large populations exposed to harmful factors in different branches of industry (chemical, metallurgical, textile etc.), health service workers should be also taken into account as another significant group exposed. Factors affecting fertility, health service workers are mostly exposed to, are as follows: cytostatic drugs, chemicals used in sterilization, gases for general anaesthesia and enormous number of factors the health service workers are in contact with in laboratories. The authors reviewed the world literature and presented kinds of harmful factors and their effect on fertility in persons employed in health services and exposed to them.
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[Environmental factors which impair male fertility]
Medycyna pracy. 02/1997; 48(1):85-92.
Introduction of new technologies involving many chemicals does not remain free from the effect on the human health. Occupational acute poisoning is rare now-a-days, but we often face many problems arising out of the late sequel to exposures, such as mutations, neoplasms or reproduction disorders. Nu... [more] Introduction of new technologies involving many chemicals does not remain free from the effect on the human health. Occupational acute poisoning is rare now-a-days, but we often face many problems arising out of the late sequel to exposures, such as mutations, neoplasms or reproduction disorders. Numerous research institutes of occupational medicine are involved in the evaluation of the effect of environmental factors on the workers' health. Many recent publications emphasise that the quality of the human semen is gradually decreasing which is manifested by the lower number of spermatozoons (1 cm3) semen, a higher proportion of morphologically impaired spermatozoons and a higher per cent of motile spermatozoons. The quality of the semen is affected not only by the hazards present in the general environment, but also by the factors occurring in the work environment. Occupational exposure induces sometimes infertility of couples but more often impairs the reproduction, and this is one of important issues which be addressed by occupational medicine.
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[Comparative evaluation of the frequency of congenital defects in newborns from the provinces of Walbrzych, Piotrkow Trybunalski and Suwalki]
Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny. 01/1997; 51(3):349-58.
The aim of the study was the assessment of congenital defect frequency in 11,869 neonates born between December 1994 and July 1995 in three provinces of Poland: Wałbrzych, Piotrków Trybunalski and Suwałki. The percentage of neonates with congenital defects ranged from 1.9% in a typically industrial ... [more] The aim of the study was the assessment of congenital defect frequency in 11,869 neonates born between December 1994 and July 1995 in three provinces of Poland: Wałbrzych, Piotrków Trybunalski and Suwałki. The percentage of neonates with congenital defects ranged from 1.9% in a typically industrial area (Wałbrzych) to 1.2% in a mainly rural area (Suwałki), and 1.1% in a rather industrial area (Piotrków Trybunalski). The majority of single defects consisted of anomalies of limbs and musculoskeletal deformities. Smoking habits and professional activities of mothers did not exert a clear influence on the frequency of birth defects. Only among newborns from the province of Piotrków Trybunalski who were born by young mothers (< 20 years of age) we observed a higher frequency of congenital defects in comparison with older mothers of 20-34 years old group.
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[Frequency of birth defects in newborns in four regions of Poland]
Medycyna pracy. 01/1997; 48(1):25-34.
Records of births from registry offices in seven provinces (Wałbrzych, Piotrków Trybunalski, Suwałki, Krosno, Rzeszów, Przemyśl, Tarnobrzeg) making four regions (south-western, central, north-eastern and south-eastern) were used for the analysis of the geographical distribution of congenital malform... [more] Records of births from registry offices in seven provinces (Wałbrzych, Piotrków Trybunalski, Suwałki, Krosno, Rzeszów, Przemyśl, Tarnobrzeg) making four regions (south-western, central, north-eastern and south-eastern) were used for the analysis of the geographical distribution of congenital malformations. This area is inhabited by approximately 10% of the whole population with annual number of briths equal to 9% of the total number in Poland. The incidence of congenital malformations was analysed in 21.167 newborns taking into consideration such variables as smoking and other habits and occupational of parents, maternal age, and environmental pollution. In the cohort under study the incidence of malformations was different and it was as follows: Wałbrzych-1.92%, Rzeszów-1.42%, Tarnobrzeg-1.37%, Suwałki-1.23%, Krosno-1.16%, Piotrków Trybunalski-1.12% and Przemyśl-0.7%. The incidence of birth defects in infants born to young mothers (< 20 years) was 1.8% and to older ones (> 35) 1.9%. A comprehensive analysis of the environmental pollution revealed its highest level in the south-western region (the Wałbrzych province) in comparison with other study areas.
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Effect of oral Sulfenamide TS administration on prenatal development in rats.
Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis. 02/1996; 16(1):1-6.
Sulfenamide TS (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide), accelerator of rubber vulcanization, was administered to female rats by gavage at doses of 50, 150, and 450 mg/kg (1%, 3%, and 8% of LD50) during organogenesis. The maternal toxicity of Sulfenamide TS was found at the highest dose of 450 mg/k... [more] Sulfenamide TS (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide), accelerator of rubber vulcanization, was administered to female rats by gavage at doses of 50, 150, and 450 mg/kg (1%, 3%, and 8% of LD50) during organogenesis. The maternal toxicity of Sulfenamide TS was found at the highest dose of 450 mg/kg. Oral administration of this compound to female rats during organogenesis induced fetotoxic effects at doses of 50 mg/kg and higher. The dose-dependent increase in the frequency of fetuses/ litters with internal hydrocephalus was observed.
Following (2)
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Jan P Gromiec
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine -
Anna Kilanowicz
Medical University,Poland
39
Publications
2
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