Ille C. Gebeshuber

Publications

• Green Nanotribology and sustainable nanotribology in the frame of the global challenges for humankind

  Gebeshuber I.C.

  01/2012: pages 105-125;

  ISBN: 978-3642236808
• 1.26

  Impact points

  Evolution of ZDDP-derived reaction layer morphology with rubbing time.

  A Naveira-Suarez, A Tomala, R Pasaribu, R Larsson, I C Gebeshuber

  Scanning. 10/2010; 32(5):294-303.

  Functional additives, particularly extreme pressure and antiwear additives, in formulated oil will compete to adsorb and function in tribological contacts. A low-polarity commercial base oil, poly-α-olefin (PAO), blended with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) has been studied. The tribological pe... [more] Functional additives, particularly extreme pressure and antiwear additives, in formulated oil will compete to adsorb and function in tribological contacts. A low-polarity commercial base oil, poly-α-olefin (PAO), blended with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) has been studied. The tribological performance was evaluated using a ball-on-disk test rig under mixed rolling-sliding conditions in the boundary lubrication regime at 90°C. An adapted in situ interferometry technique was used to monitor the additive-derived reaction layer formation. The thickness of the reaction layer evolves with rubbing until reaching a limiting thickness value of approximately 70  nm. The evolution of the topography and mechanical properties of the ZDDP-derived reaction layer with rubbing time were studied using Atomic Force Microscopy. A constant roughening and hardening of the additive-derived layer with rubbing time is observed and related to the different tribological performance of the layer at different rubbing times.

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• Low cost fabrication of passive microfluidic devices

  A. Bahadorimehr, Y. Jumril, I.C. Gebeshuber, Chang Fu Dee, B.Y. Majlis

  Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO), 2010 10th IEEE Conference on; 09/2010

  This paper presents a low cost method for fabrication of microchannels on glass substrates for microfluidic devices applications. The channels with the depth up to 150um can be achieved by implementing a typical photoresist and wet etching process without any complicated deposition methods such as C... [more] This paper presents a low cost method for fabrication of microchannels on glass substrates for microfluidic devices applications. The channels with the depth up to 150um can be achieved by implementing a typical photoresist and wet etching process without any complicated deposition methods such as CVD, evaporation or other sophisticated techniques. In particular, AZ5214 photoresist is for the first time introduced for glass etching mask which can strongly resist against etchant attacks up to 2 hours, showing high accuracy for fabrication of microfluidic microchannels. The width of the channels is determined by the width of the lines in photo-mask design and the etch rate of the substrate because of glass isotropic etching characteristics. In practical the channel width range about 30μm to 350μm is attainable. Commercially available inexpensive microscopic slides have been used as substrate for etching channels using special etchant solutions. The etch rate of the glass strongly depends on the concentration of the etchant. Achieving smooth and clear surface after wet etching process is an important factor for easily flowing fluid through channels and monitoring purposes. A mixture of different solutions with special ratios has been applied to achieve smooth and clear surface of the etching regions. Two different bonding techniques, optical UV curable glue, and glass-PDMS-glass methods for adhering the etched glass substrate and non-etched glass cover is applied. A novel method for packaging, tubing and fittings for microfluidic devices using PMMA has been presented without the need for any drilling process.

• 3D Corporate Tourism in the Marine Sciences: Application-Oriented Problem Solving in Marine and Coastal Ecosystems

  Ille Christine Gebeshuber, Tina Rezaie Matin, Ranee Esichaikul, Mark Macqueen, Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis

  05/2010;

  3D corporate tourism in the marine sciences is a solution-based approach to innovation in science, engineering and design. Corporate international scientists, engineers and designers work with local experts in Malaysian marine and coastal environments: they jointly discover, develop and design compl... [more] 3D corporate tourism in the marine sciences is a solution-based approach to innovation in science, engineering and design. Corporate international scientists, engineers and designers work with local experts in Malaysian marine and coastal environments: they jointly discover, develop and design complex materials and designs inspired by nature directly on site (e.g. at the UKM Marine Ecosystem Research Centre EKOMAR and Malaysian Marine Parks) and construct initial biomimetic prototypes and novel designs. Thereby, new links, networks and collaborations are established between communities of thinkers in different countries. 3D tourism aims at mapping new frontiers in emerging engineering and design fields. This provides a novel way to foster and promote innovative thinking in the sciences, and considers the need for synergy and collaboration between marine sciences, engineering and design rather than segmentation and isolation. With the concept of 3D corporate tourism the potential of Malaysian marine ecosystems is used in a sustainable way and the management of marine resources for human and environmental wellbeing is fostered, without exploiting the natural resources or removing anything else from the ecosystem apart from ideas. Subsequent deeper and more detailed investigations at the respective international home institution foster collaborations and result in synergistic effects across borders. Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures

• Biomimetic Nanotechnology: A Powerful Means to address Global Challenges

  Ille C. Gebeshuber, Burhanuddin Y. Majlis

  01/2010;

  Biomimetic nanotechnology is a prominent research area at the meeting place of life sciences with engineering and physics: it is a continuously growing field that deals with knowledge transfer from biology to nanotechnology. Biomimetic nanotechnology is a field that has the potential to substantiall... [more] Biomimetic nanotechnology is a prominent research area at the meeting place of life sciences with engineering and physics: it is a continuously growing field that deals with knowledge transfer from biology to nanotechnology. Biomimetic nanotechnology is a field that has the potential to substantially support successful mastering of major global challenges. The Millennium Project was commissioned by the United Nations Secretary-General in 2002 to develop a concrete action plan for the world to reverse the grinding poverty, hunger and disease affecting billions of people. It states 15 Global Challenges: sustainable development, water, population and resources, democratization, long-term perspectives, information technology, the rich-poor gap, health, capacity to decide, peace and conflict, status of women, transnational crime, energy, science and technology and global ethics. The possible contributions to master these challenges with the help of biomimetic nanotechnology will be discussed in detail. Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, conference

• 3D Corporate Tourism: A Concept for Innovation in Nanomaterials Engineering

  I. C. Gebeshuber, B. Y. Majlis

  01/2010;

  Nature's materials are complex, multifunctional, hierarchical and responsive and in most instances functionality on the nanoscale is combined with performance on the macroscale. Materials engineers have just started to produce complex nanomaterials. Biomimicry and biomimetics deal with knowledge... [more] Nature's materials are complex, multifunctional, hierarchical and responsive and in most instances functionality on the nanoscale is combined with performance on the macroscale. Materials engineers have just started to produce complex nanomaterials. Biomimicry and biomimetics deal with knowledge transfer from nature to technology. Inspired by the 'Biomimicry and Design Workshops' and the 'Biomimicry Innovation Method' by the US based Biomimicry Guild, '3D Corporate Tourism', a solution based approach to innovation in nanomaterials research, is proposed. The three main pillars of this integrated concept are discover, develop and design. Biologists, research and development engineers as well as designers jointly work in an environment with high inspirational potential and construct first prototypes and designs on site. This joint approach yields new links, networks and collaborations between communities of thinkers in different countries in order to stimulate and enhance creative and application oriented problem solving for society.

• New ways of scientific publishing and accessing human knowledge inspired by transdisciplinary approaches

  I. C. Gebeshuber, B. Y. Majlis

  01/2010;

  Inspired by interdisciplinary work touching biology and microtribology, the authors propose a new, dynamic way of publishing research results, the establishment of a tree of knowledge and the localisation of scientific articles on this tree. 'Technomimetics' is proposed as a new method of kn... [more] Inspired by interdisciplinary work touching biology and microtribology, the authors propose a new, dynamic way of publishing research results, the establishment of a tree of knowledge and the localisation of scientific articles on this tree. 'Technomimetics' is proposed as a new method of knowledge management in science and technology: it shall help find and organise information in an era of over-information. Such ways of presenting and managing research results would be accessible by people with different kinds of backgrounds and levels of education, and allow for full use of the ever- increasing number of scientific and technical publications. This approach would dramatically change and revolutionize the way we are doing science, and contribute to overcoming the three gaps between the world of ideas, inventors, innovators and investors as introduced by Gebeshuber, Gruber and Drack in 2009 for accelerated scientific and technological breakthroughs to improve the human condition. Inspiration for the development of above methods was the fact that - generally - tribologists and biologists do not see many overlaps of their professions. However, both deal with materials, structures and processes. Tribology is omnipresent in biology and many biological systems have impressive tribological properties. Tribologists can therefore get valuable input and inspiration from living systems. The aim of biomimetics is knowledge transfer from biology to technology and successful biomimetics in tribology needs collaboration between biologists and tribologists. Literature search shows that the number of papers regarding biotribology is steadily increasing. However, at the moment, most scientific papers of the other respective field are hard to access and hard to understand, in terms of concepts and specific wording.

• Tribochemistry of monomolecular lubricant films of ethanolamine oligomers

  Tomala A., Werner W.S.M., Gebeshuber I.C., Doerr N., Stoeri H.

  Tribology International. 10/2009; 42:1513-1518.

  The aim of present study was to find out the influence of oxygen and nitrogen containing ethanolamine oligomers on the tribological behavior. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to obtain insight into the molecular mechanisms leading to the macroscopic lubricity. Monomolecular lubricant... [more] The aim of present study was to find out the influence of oxygen and nitrogen containing ethanolamine oligomers on the tribological behavior. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to obtain insight into the molecular mechanisms leading to the macroscopic lubricity. Monomolecular lubricant films were deposited onto ultrathin copper films sputtered onto silicon wafers. Surfaces covered with the three ethanolamine oligomers were investigated by XPS before and after tribological tests, performed with the translatorily oscillating test machine and Falex micro-tribometer. The structure of the molecular film is elucidated using angular resolved X-ray photo electron spectroscopy with a prototype preparation chamber, permitting the transfer of samples from liquid to the analysis chamber under Helium protective gas preventing exposure to ambient conditions. Solutions with a concentration of 250 ppm of the respective ethanolamine oligomers in double distilled water were transferred into the adsorption device, which is an extension of the spectrometer. Results show that compounds bond to copper and steel surface by N atom present in ammonia group and hydroxyl group are oriented on the top layer of tribofilm, this highest group influence lubricity properties.

• Exploring the innovational potential of biomimetics for novel 3D MEMS

  Gebeshuber I.C., Stachelberger H., Ganji B.A., Fu D.C., Yunas J., Majlis B.Y.

  Adv. Mat. Res. 06/2009; 74:265-268.

  A novel way to describe the complexity of biological and engineering approaches depending on the number of different base materials is proposed: Either many materials are used (material dominates) or few materials (form dominates) or just one material (structure dominates). The complexity of the app... [more] A novel way to describe the complexity of biological and engineering approaches depending on the number of different base materials is proposed: Either many materials are used (material dominates) or few materials (form dominates) or just one material (structure dominates). The complexity of the approach (in biology as well as in engineering) increases with decreasing number of base materials. Biomimetics, i.e., technology transfer from biology to engineering, is especially promising in MEMS development because of the material constraints in both fields. The Biomimicry Innovation Method is applied here for the first time to identify naturally nanostructured rigid functional materials, and subsequently analyse their prospect in terms of inspiring MEMS development.

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• Surface analysis on rolling bearings after exposure to defined electric stress

  Zika T., Gebeshuber I.C., Buschbeck F., Preisinger G., Groeschl M.

  Proc. IMechE, Part J: J. Engineering Tribology. 05/2009; 223:787-797.

  This article gives an overview about classical and frequency converter-induced spurious bearing currents in induction machines and discusses typical damage patterns caused by the current passage. To investigate on the electric damage mechanisms, test bearings are operated in a test rig and exposed t... [more] This article gives an overview about classical and frequency converter-induced spurious bearing currents in induction machines and discusses typical damage patterns caused by the current passage. To investigate on the electric damage mechanisms, test bearings are operated in a test rig and exposed to specific (classical low-frequency, and high-frequency) bearing currents. The induced damages to the surfaces are analysed visually and with the help of an atomic force microscope, and compared for the different electric regimes applied. Further, the electrically damaged bearing surfaces are characterized by standard roughness parameters. The surface structure observable on certain test bearings shows good correlation to the structure found with a bearing that had failed in the field under similar electric conditions. One of the investigated electric regimes applying high-frequency currents proved capable of generating fluting patterns – as found in real applications – on the test rig. The experiments also indicate that high-frequency bearing currents, although in total dissipating less energy, are more dangerous to a bearing than continuous current flow. The presented method gives a good starting point for further investigation on electric current damage in bearings, especially regarding high-frequency bearing currents, and on bearing/grease lifetime under specific electric regimes.

• Bacilli, green algae, diatoms and red blood cells – how nanobiotechnological research inspires architecture

  Gebeshuber I.C., Aumayr M., Hekele O., Sommer R., Goesselsberger C.G., Gruenberger C., Gruber P., Borowan E., Rosic A., Aumayr F.

  02/2009;

• Engineering at the interface revisited

  Gebeshuber I.C.

  Proc. IMechE Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 50st Anniversary Issue. 01/2009; 223:65-101.

  Three publications from Part C which strongly influenced the development of the field of lubrication in human joints are revisited and their impact on the field is outlined. Furthermore, the impact of the Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science on the field of lubrication and wear in living and ar... [more] Three publications from Part C which strongly influenced the development of the field of lubrication in human joints are revisited and their impact on the field is outlined. Furthermore, the impact of the Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science on the field of lubrication and wear in living and artificial human joints is analysed. ‘Analysis of “boosted lubrication” in human joints’ by Duncan Dowson, Anthony Unsworth, and Verna Wright appeared in 1970, ‘The lubrication of porous elastic solids with reference to the functioning of human joints’ by Gordon R. Higginson and Roger Norman was published in 1974, and ‘Engineering at the interface’ by Duncan Dowson addressed the audience in 1992.

• Tribology in biology

  Gebeshuber I.C., Drack M., Scherge M.

  Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces. 10/2008; 2:200-212.

  Man has conducted research in the field of tribology for several thousands of years. Nature has been producing lubricants and adhesives for millions of years. Biotribologists gather information about biological surfaces in relative motion, their friction, adhesion, lubrication and wear, and apply th... [more] Man has conducted research in the field of tribology for several thousands of years. Nature has been producing lubricants and adhesives for millions of years. Biotribologists gather information about biological surfaces in relative motion, their friction, adhesion, lubrication and wear, and apply this knowledge to technological innovation as well as to the development of environmentally sound products. Ongoing miniaturisation of technological devices such as hard disk drives and biosensors increases the necessity for the fundamental understanding of tribological phenomena at the micro- and nanometre scale. Biological systems excel also at this scale and might serve as templates for developing the next generation of tools based on nano- and microscale technologies. Examples of systems with optimised biotribological properties are: articular cartilage, a bioactive surface which has a friction coefficient of only 0.001; adaptive adhesion of white blood cells rolling along the layer of cells that lines blood vessels in response to inflammatory signals; and diatoms, micrometre sized glass making organisms that have rigid parts in relative motion. These and other systems have great potential to serve as model systems also for innovations in micro- and nanotechnology.

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• Micro- and nanomechanical properties of diamond film with various surface morphologies

  Bogus A., Gebeshuber I.C., Pauschitz A., Roy M., Haubner R.

  Diamond and Related Materials. 10/2008; 17:1998-2004.

  The morphologies of chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond films can be changed over a wide range by controlling the process parameters of the deposition. The surface morphologies of the film in turn, govern the micro- and nanomechanical properties of the film. In view of these, diamond films havin... [more] The morphologies of chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond films can be changed over a wide range by controlling the process parameters of the deposition. The surface morphologies of the film in turn, govern the micro- and nanomechanical properties of the film. In view of these, diamond films having three different types of morphologies namely coarse ballas, fine ballas and faceted, have been deposited using microwave chemical vapour deposition (MWCVD) technique. The morphology, and nature of bonds of these films are characterised with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Hardness of the films is evaluated using nanoindenter. Force spectroscopy, topographies and lateral force values of these films are estimated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results indicate that films having fine ballas morphology exhibit the minimum roughness whereas film with faceted morphology has highest relative hardness. The friction force was found to be minimum with the film having fine ballas morphology and the friction force was maximum with film having coarse ballas morphology.

• Nanodiagnostics performed on human red blood cells with atomic force microscopy

  Hekele O., Goesselsberger C.G., Gebeshuber I.C.

  Mat. Sci. Technol. 09/2008; 24:1162-1165(4).

  Atomic force microscopy can yield valuable information concerning basic physical properties as well as alterations of human red blood cells. Erythropoietin is a hormone that is naturally produced in the kidney to stimulate the growth of red blood cells. Administration of genetically engineered synth... [more] Atomic force microscopy can yield valuable information concerning basic physical properties as well as alterations of human red blood cells. Erythropoietin is a hormone that is naturally produced in the kidney to stimulate the growth of red blood cells. Administration of genetically engineered synthetic erythropoietin stimulates the production of additional red blood cells. Therefore erythropoietin is used for blood doping in serious sports. The present study aims at investigating any differences in structure and stiffness of red blood cells which are produced body own or with synthetic erythropoietin. The samples are prepared via standard methods, and atomic force spectroscopy with trigger forces of three micronewtons is performed in ambient air. The penetration depth does not reveal statistically relevant differences in the two types of red blood cells. Furthermore, cells with a penetration depth four times as large as healthy ones are encountered in the samples of one donor. Subsequent medical examination revealed a rare type of diabetes. Atomic force spectroscopy shall serve as fast screening method for nanodiagnostics of diseases that alter surface nanomechanical properties.

• Creation of nanohillocks on CaF2 surfaces by single slow highly charged ions.

  A S El-Said, R Heller, W Meissl, R Ritter, S Facsko, C Lemell, B Solleder, I C Gebeshuber, G Betz, M Toulemonde, W Möller, J Burgdörfer, F Aumayr

  Physical review letters. 08/2008; 100:237601.

  Upon impact on a solid surface, the potential energy stored in slow highly charged ions is primarily deposited into the electronic system of the target. By decelerating the projectile ions to kinetic energies as low as 150 x q eV, we find first unambiguous experimental evidence that potential energy... [more] Upon impact on a solid surface, the potential energy stored in slow highly charged ions is primarily deposited into the electronic system of the target. By decelerating the projectile ions to kinetic energies as low as 150 x q eV, we find first unambiguous experimental evidence that potential energy alone is sufficient to cause permanent nanosized hillocks on the (111) surface of a CaF(2) single crystal. Our investigations reveal a surprisingly sharp and well-defined threshold of potential energy for hillock formation which can be linked to a solid-liquid phase transition.
• 7.33

  Impact points

  Creation of nanohillocks on CaF2 surfaces by single slow highly charged ions.

  A. S. El-Said, R Heller, W. Meissl, R. Ritter, S Facsko, C. Lemell, B. Solleder, I. C. Gebeshuber, G Betz, M. Toulemonde, W Möller, J. Burgdörfer, F. Aumayr

  Physical review letters. 06/2008; 100(23):237601.

  Upon impact on a solid surface, the potential energy stored in slow highly charged ions is primarily deposited into the electronic system of the target. By decelerating the projectile ions to kinetic energies as low as 150 x q eV, we find first unambiguous experimental evidence that potential energy... [more] Upon impact on a solid surface, the potential energy stored in slow highly charged ions is primarily deposited into the electronic system of the target. By decelerating the projectile ions to kinetic energies as low as 150 x q eV, we find first unambiguous experimental evidence that potential energy alone is sufficient to cause permanent nanosized hillocks on the (111) surface of a CaF(2) single crystal. Our investigations reveal a surprisingly sharp and well-defined threshold of potential energy for hillock formation which can be linked to a solid-liquid phase transition.

• An attempt to reveal synergies between biology and engineering mechanics

  Gebeshuber I.C., Drack M.

  IMechE Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 04/2008; 222:1281-1287.

  Biomimetics is a continuously growing field. In this article specific examples for successful technology transfer among biology and engineering are classified along a newly proposed scheme of the field – biomimetics by analogy and biomimetics by induction – complemented by technical biology. Famous ... [more] Biomimetics is a continuously growing field. In this article specific examples for successful technology transfer among biology and engineering are classified along a newly proposed scheme of the field – biomimetics by analogy and biomimetics by induction – complemented by technical biology. Famous examples as well as niche applications are presented: winglets on airplanes, an optimized straw-bale screw, Velcro, and self-cleaning surfaces and paints, as well as investigations on spiders. The need of a common language for biologists and engineers, in which descriptions at different level of detail are more compatible, is stressed and general principles that can be applied by engineers who are not at all involved in biology are presented.

• On the nano-hillock formation induced by slow highly charged ions on insulator surfaces

  Lemell C., El-Said A.S., Meissl W., Gebeshuber I.C., Trautmann C., Toulemonde, Burgdörfer J., Aumayr F.

  Solid-State Electronics. 11/2007; 51:1398-1404.

  We discuss the creation of nano-sized protrusions on insulating surfaces using slow highly charged ions. This method holds the promise of forming regular structures on surfaces without inducing defects in deeper lying crystal layers. We find that only projectiles with a potential energy above a crit... [more] We discuss the creation of nano-sized protrusions on insulating surfaces using slow highly charged ions. This method holds the promise of forming regular structures on surfaces without inducing defects in deeper lying crystal layers. We find that only projectiles with a potential energy above a critical value are able to create hillocks. Below this threshold no surface modification is observed. This is similar to the track and hillock formation induced by swift (�GeV) heavy ions. We present a model for the conversion of potential energy stored in the projectiles into target-lattice excitations (heat) and discuss the possibility to create ordered structures using the guiding effect observed in insulating conical structures.

• Biotribology inspires new technologies

  Gebeshuber I.C. (2007)

  Nano Today. 07/2007; 2:30-37.

  This review deals with natural biotribological systems and how they have inspired novel micro- and nanotechnological applications. The biogenic devices presented here have functional units in the micro- and nanometer regime and have been evolutionarily optimized over millions of years. The examples ... [more] This review deals with natural biotribological systems and how they have inspired novel micro- and nanotechnological applications. The biogenic devices presented here have functional units in the micro- and nanometer regime and have been evolutionarily optimized over millions of years. The examples discussed comprise natural micromechanical systems made of nanostructured silica (diatoms produce hinges and interlocking devices on the micrometer scale and below), adhesive molecules (selectin and integrin) that can switch states and account for white blood cell rolling in endothelial cells, dry adhesives as they occur on the Gecko foot and certain insect attachment pads, and single molecules that serve as strong self-healing adhesives (diatom underwater adhesives, abalone shell proteins).