Fang Qiang Zhou

Fresenius Med Care · Dialysis Centers of Chicago

This review focuses on the innate beneficial effects of sodium pyruvate-based fluids, including pyruvate in intravenous solutions, oral rehydration solutions, and peritoneal dialysis solutions, on shock resuscitation with various animal models relative to current commercial fluids over the last two decades. Due to its superior pharmacological prope...

There have been ongoing debates about resuscitation fluids because each of the current fluids has its own disadvantages. The debates essentially reflect an embarrassing clinical status quo that all fluids are not quite ideal in most clinical settings. Therefore, a novel fluid that overcomes the limitations of most fluids is necessary for most patie...

In last decades, healthy aging has become one of research hotspots in life science. It is well known that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD ⁺ ) level in cells decreases with aging and aging-related diseases. Several years ago, one of NAD ⁺ precursors was first demonstrated with its new role in DNA damage repairing in mice, re...

Recent advances in pyruvate studies indicate that pyruvate may be a novel therapy in care of diabetes and its organ complications. The major action of pyruvate protection against diabetes may be in rejuvenation of glucose oxidation by preserving glycolysis and reactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reversing t...

Pyruvate has been extensively and intensively studied since a half century ago. An abundance of experimental researches, in vitro and in vivo, in both animals and humans demonstrate that pyruvate is an unique anion, which is more beneficial in protection of multiple cell/organ metabolism and function than anions in commercial medical fluids and hea...

Background: Sodium pyruvate (PYR) has been reported to improve aerobic metabolism and attenuate metabolic acidosis. Aerobic capacity and the ability to remove hydrogen ions affect the recovery from repeated high intensity activities. However, the effects of PYR supplementation on repeated sprint exercise (RSE) performance have not been elucidated....

Diabetes is prevalent worldwide, but ideally intensive therapeutic strategy in clinical diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still lack. Pyruvate is protective from glucometabolic disturbances and kidney dysfunction in various pathogenic insults. Present studies focused on oral pyruvate effects on diabetes status and DN with 0.35% pyruvate in...

Background: Previous studies demonstrate that long-tern microgravity induces multi-organ injury and dysfunction, including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) damage. This study investigated oral pyruvate protective effects on lumbar 5 (L5) DRG nerve tissues in rats subjected to hindlimb unweighting (HU). Results: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly a...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We previously demonstrated that pyruvate‐enriched oral rehydration solution improved glucometabolic disorders and ameliorated DN outcome in db/db mice. Here, we investigated the effects of pyruvate on high glucose (HG)‐induced ER stress and apop...

Type A lactic acidosis resulted from hypoxic mitochondrial dysfunction is an independent predictor of mortality for critically ill patients. However, current therapeutic agents are still in shortage and can even be harmful. This paper reviewed data regarding lactic acidosis treatment and recommended that pyruvate might be a potential alkalizer to c...

With the development of technology and space exploration, studies on long-duration space flights have shown that microgravity induces damage to multiple organs, including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). However, very little is known about the effects of long-term microgravity on DRG neurons. This study investigated the effects of microgravity on lum...

Background: To investigate whether pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS), compared with citrate-enriched ORS (Cit-ORS), improves hemodynamics and organ function by alleviating vasopermeability and plasma volume loss during intra-gastric fluid rehydration in dogs with severe burn. Methods: Forty dogs subjected to severe burn were...

Objective: Pyruvate can reduce lipid peroxidation, which plays a critical role in organ injury, in various models. However, it is not fully understood if this inhibition occurs in resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock (HS). This study examines effects of pyruvate Ringer solution (PR) in this respect in rats. Methods: Rats, subjected to 45% blood lo...

Recent studies have suggested that pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) may be superior to the standard bicarbonate-based ORS in the protection of intestine from ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Pyr-ORS with citrate-enriched ORS (Cit-ORS) on the intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-eryth...

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at ST36 (EA ST36) on gastric emptying and mucosal blood flow during intragastric resuscitation with pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) in scalded rats. Methods The rats were subjected to a 35% total body surface area (TBSA) of scald injury and randomly...

Aims Recent findings showed advantages of a novel pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) in resuscitation of burns. This study focused on effects of Pyr-ORS on the visceral blood perfusion, gastrointestinal function and survival rate, compared with the bicarbonate-based WHO-ORS, during intra-gastric rehydration of lethal hemorrhagic...

To investigate effects of pyruvate-containing fluids on peritoneal resuscitation (PR), following intravenous fluid resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. One hundred rats following 1h HS with MAP 35 ± 5 mmHg were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) in each of two comparable sets: Group VR: intravenous resuscitation (VR) only and f...

To investigate alteration in intestinal absorption during enteral resuscitation with pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS) in scalded rats. To compare pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (pyr-ORS) with World Health Organisation oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS), 120 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and 2 subgroups....

Lactic acidosis is a life-threatening complication of hemorrhagic shock. There is no ideal therapy for it in the clinical setting. This study was designed to investigate whether pyruvate Ringer's solution could treat hypoxic lactic acidosis associated with lethal hemorrhagic shock in rats. A total of 54 rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock with...

To investigate the effects of pyruvate (Pyr) on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) in red blood cells (RBCs) during the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure (CPB), blood, 500 mL, was collected from each of 10 healthy dogs (weight 12-18 kg). The blood was divided into two parts (250 mL each) and...

To investigate the effects of pyruvate (Pyr)-based peritoneal dialysis solutions (P-PDS) on neutrophilic nitric oxide (NO) generation, we incubated human peripheral neutrophils in dL-lactate (Lac, 40 mM)-based PDS and equimolar P-PDS, and Hanks' balanced salt solution at various pH and high glucose (HG) levels, respectively. The production of NO in...

The review focuses on biochemical metabolisms of conventional buffers and emphasizes advantages of sodium pyruvate (Pyr) in the correction of intracellular acidosis. Exogenous lactate (Lac) as an alternative of natural buffer, bicarbonate, consumes intracellular protons on an equimolar basis, regenerating bicarbonate anions in plasma while the comp...

To investigate effects of pyruvate (Py)-based peritoneal dialysis solutions (P-PDS) on neutrophilic superoxide (O2-) production against high glucose (HG) concentrations at acidic or physiologic pH value, and explore potential mechanisms. Human neutrophils were incubated with both dl-lactate (La, 40 mM)-based PDS (L-PDS) and equimolar P-PDS at vario...

This review discusses effects of both lactate and pyruvate, and high glucose in peritoneal dialysis solutions (PDS) on leukocytes, mainly on intracellular pH ([pH](i)), glucose metabolic pathways, and apoptosis. Lactate-based PDS (L-PDS) are bioincompatible primarily due to the low pH, high lactate, and glucose excess in both individual and combina...

To elucidate whether an inhibited superoxide production (O2-) of neutrophils induced by commercial lactate-based peritoneal dialysates (PDS) could be corrected after a transient intracellular acidosis. The intracellular pH ([pHi]) of human neutrophils incubated in PDS was monitored with a spectrofluorometer with a pH-sensitive dye (BCECF-AM). Neutr...

To investigate effects of pyruvate- or lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions (P-PDS or L-PDS) on neutrophilic oxygen consumption and the role of the extracellular pH (pHe) in cells' oxygen uptake. Human neutrophils were incubated in P-PDS or L-PDS containing pyruvate or lactate 35-38 mmol.L-1 at various pHe, respectively. Oxygen consumption r...

Acidic (pH 5.2) incubation mixtures containing pyruvate-based or lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions (PDSN's) induced comparable degrees of intracellular acidosis in neutrophils. However, addition of an acidic (pH 5.2), pyruvate-based PDSN to a pH-7.4, neutrophil/phosphate-buffered saline mixture brought about higher extracellular and intra...

Neutrophil superoxide formation was similar when cells were incubated in self-made, non-autoclaved pH 7.4, lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions or in their self-made, non-autoclaved, pH 7.4, bicarbonate-based counterparts. On the other hand, commercially available, autoclaved, pH 7.4, lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions resulted in i...

We describe a method of obtaining a small representative fraction of spent dialysate by placing a side tube in the dialysate drainage tube. The side tube, capped with a small-gauge needle, is used to collect the specimen. Fractions obtained in this fashion are found to have a composition similar to that of the remaining spent dialysate.

: Acidic lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions were found to impair neutrophil oxygen consumption markedly in sharp contrast to their pH 7.4 lactate-based or bicarbonate-based counterparts.

The effects of euhydric, lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions and those of their euhydric, bicarbonate-based counterparts, on neutrophil intracellular pH are comparable. This similarity in effects on intracellular acidity may have bearings on the influences of these solutions on cellular functions in general.

Euhydric peritoneal dialysis solutions containing either a mixture of bicarbonate and lactate or lactate alone, are superior to conventional, acidic peritoneal dialysis solutions containing lactate alone in the fostering of neutrophilic superoxide generation.

Exposure of human neutrophils to conventional, acidic, lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions for 5 minutes results in a depression of superoxide generation. In spite of restoration of extracellular pH to 7.4, these stunned cells failed to recover their ability to generate the anion after a period of an hour.

An exposure of human neutrophils to an acidic (pH 5.2), lactate-based incubation mixture containing a conventional, acidic, lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) resulted in the development of a prompt and substantial intracellular acidosis. A comparable exposure to a euhydric, bicarbonate-based incubation mixture containing a euhydric,...

Exposure of human neutrophils to a conventional, acidic, lactate-containing peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) resulted in the development of a prompt and substantial intracellular acidosis. It is possible that this intracellular acidosis contributes to cellular dysfunction.

Superoxide produced by neutrophils plays an important role in the killing of bacterial pathogens. The effects of glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis solutions on superoxide production by canine and human neutrophils were studied. A significant decrement in superoxide generation was noted with the 2.27% and 3.86% glucose solutions. The results su...

Neutrophils were isolated from canine blood and exposed to a conventional, acidic, lactate-containing peritoneal dialysis solution for 0, 2 and 4 minutes in one study and 0, 4, 7 and 10 minutes in another. Superoxide generation, expressed in nanomoles per million cells, was determined using a method based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable red...

Human neutrophils were isolated from healthy volunteers and exposed to either bicarbonate-containing (pH 7.4) or lactate-containing (pH 5.2) peritoneal dialysis solution in vitro. Superoxide production by neutrophils was measured by a method based on the superoxide dis-mutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. Bicarbonate-containing perito...

The pH of conventional peritoneal dialysis solution is normally in the range of 5.0 to 5.5, because acid has been added during the manufacturing process to prevent caramelization of dextrose during sterilization. We studied the effects of normalizing the pH of conventional peritoneal dialysis solution on superoxide production by normal human neutro...

A simple, efficient and safe method for the reuse of hollow fiber dialyzers by manual procedure is introduced. 697 dialyses were performed using 57 reused dialyzers, a mean 12.2 ± 10.0 times each. Among the 57, 44 were Filtryzer B1 used for 616 times (88.4%). Two-thirds of the dialyzers were reused for more than 10 times (11-53). The efficacy in re...