Publications (6) View all
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Article: Dentoalveolar heights in skeletal class I normodivergent facial patterns.
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ABSTRACT: To determine the dentoalveolar heights (mm) in skeletal class I normodivergent facial pattern and compare the same heights in male and female subjects. Cross-sectional observational study. Orthodontics Clinic, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from July to October 2009. Eighty one subjects were selected from the orthodontic record at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. The inclusion criteria were an age range of 12 to 30 years and skeletal class I normodivergent facial pattern with exclusion criteria of prior orthodontic treatment, restored teeth and craniofacial anomalies/syndromes. The pre-treatment cephalographs of the patients were traced manually on acetate paper by the principal investigator. The various land marks were marked and the parameters were recorded. Mean and standard deviations were determined. Independent sample t-test was used to find gender dimorphism. The mean age of the sample was 15.8 ± 3.4 years. Mean ANB angle for the entire sample was 2.6° ± 1.2° and for angle SN-MP was 31.5° ± 2.5°. Descriptive analysis presented mean value of upper anterior, upper posterior, lower anterior and lower posterior dentoalveolar heights to be 28.5 ± 2.7 mm, 22.9 ± 2.6 mm, 41.3 ± 2.9 mm and 31.5 ± 3.2 mm respectively. Male subjects had significantly greater mean values for lower anterior and posterior dentoalveolar heights (p=0.02 and 0.05 respectively). The mean dentoalveolar heights for the skeletal class I normodivergent sample were established. No gender dimorphism was found for upper dentoalveolar heights however, lower anterior and lower posterior were significantly greater in males as compared to females. All the values of dentoalveolar heights for male subjects were greater than female subjects.Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP. 01/2012; 22(1):5-9. -
Article: Comparison of cephalometric norms of esthetically pleasing faces.
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ABSTRACT: To establish cephalometric norms of a sample of aesthetically pleasing Pakistani faces and to analyze differences and similarities with accepted standards for Caucasians. Analytical cross sectional study. Carried out at Alvi Dental Hospital, Karachi, from August 2007 to February 2008. Cephalometric tracings were analyzed on a sample of 40 (20 males and 20 females) Pakistani young adults, aged 18-25 years, with full complement of permanent teeth, no previous orthodontic treatment and pleasing profile. To check the reliability of the measurements, 20 randomly selected cephalograms were retraced. None of the measurements showed a significant difference. Student's 't' test was applied for overall group comparisons. P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. When compared with some classical standards, the results suggest that the Pakistani sample had greater cranial lengths (p < 0.001), shorter faces anteriorly (p < 0.001), and tended towards bimaxillary dental protrusion with more prominent chin (p < 0.001). Males had greater antero-posterior, horizontal and vertical measurements (p < 0.001). Females showed more dental protrusion (p < 0.01). Comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in most variables between Pakistanis and Caucasians and between Pakistani males and females. Pakistanis have distinct cephalometric features, which should be used as a reference in treating Pakistani orthodontic and orthognathic surgery patients.Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP 12/2009; 19(12):754-8. · 0.34 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of different craniofacial patterns with pharyngeal widths.
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ABSTRACT: To compare different craniofacial patterns with pharyngeal widths. Cross-sectional analytical study. Orthodontic Clinic at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from June 2002 to June 2010. Data were collected using pre-treatment records including orthodontic files and pre-treatment lateral cephalographs of 360 orthodontic patients. The inclusion criteria were subjects of Pakistani origin, aged between 14-20 years and having no pharyngeal pathology or complaints of nasal obstruction at the initial visit. The sample comprised a total of 360 subjects divided into 2 groups: skeletal Class I (n=180) and skeletal Class II (n=180) subdivided according to the vertical pattern into normodivergent, hyperdivergent and hypodivergent facial patterns. Upper and lower pharyngeal airways were measured using McNamara's airway analysis. The intergroup comparison of upper and lower airways was performed with oneway ANOVA and the Tukey test as the second step. There were 172 males and 188 females with average ages of 15.3±1.3 and 15.4±0.8 years respectively. Hyperdivergent facial pattern subjects belonging either to skeletal Class I or Class II malocclusion showed a statistically significant narrow upper pharyngeal airway width as compared to normodivergent and hypodivergent facial patterns. However, no statistically significant difference was found in lower pharyngeal airway widths in sagittal and various vertical facial patterns. Sagittal malocclusion type does not influence upper pharyngeal width. However, hyperdivergent subjects have statistically significant narrower upper pharyngeal width when compared to other two vertical patterns.Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP. 05/2012; 22(5):302-6. -
Article: Microaesthetics of The Smile: Extraction vs. Non-extraction.
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ABSTRACT: To compare microaesthetics in pre- and post-orthodontic cases, treated with non-extraction and extraction treatment and assessed whether the achieved microaesthetic parameters are comparable to the proposed norms. Quasi-experimental study. Orthodontic Clinic, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2005 to December 2009. Orthodontic records of 31 cases treated with non-extraction therapy and 26 cases treated with extraction of upper first premolars were selected. Patients were of Pakistani origin, aged between 12 to 30 years. Microaesthetics was assessed by measuring maxillary central incisor crown width-height ratio, connectors between the maxillary anterior sextant, gingival zenith level of the maxillary lateral incisor and golden percentage of the anterior teeth using the patients' plaster models and intraoral frontal photographs. Measurements of the golden percentage were made using the software Adobe Photoshop, whereas all other parameters were measured on the plaster casts using a digital vernier caliper. Paired t-test, independent t-test and one sample t-test were used to make comparisons within the groups, between the groups, and to compare the posttreatment values with the proposed norms, respectively. Statistical significance level was set at p ² 0.05. A statistically significant improvement in the microaesthetic parameters was observed for both extraction and non-extraction subjects (p < 0.05) after orthodontic treatment. Values closer to the proposed norms were achieved more readily in the non-extraction group. Microaesthetics of the smile is improved with orthodontic treatment. It is recommended that greater consideration be given to the microaesthetic parameters of the smile during the finishing stages particularly when utilizing extraction mechanics during orthodontic treatment.Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP. 04/2012; 22(4):230-4. -
Article: Assessing skeletal relationships using the cervical vertebral curvature.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine any association amongst the cervical vertebral morphology and the various sagittal and vertical facial patterns. The results of this study demonstrate a relationship between the cervical vertebral morphology and the skeletal facial patterns. This may be of some assistance to an orthodontist to diagnose a skeletal malocclusion at a glance just by looking at the patient's cervical vertebral curvature.International journal of orthodontics (Milwaukee, Wis.) 01/2011; 22(4):27-31.
