Arie Pieter Kappetein

Publications (208) View all

• Article: The coronary artery bypass graft SYNTAX Score: final five-year outcomes from the SYNTAX-LE MANS left main angiographic substudy.

  Vasim Farooq, Chrysafios Girasis, Michael Magro, Yoshinobu Onuma, Marie-Angèle Morel, Jung Ho Heo, Hector M Garcia-Garcia, Arie Pieter Kappetein, Marcel van den Brand, David R Holmes, [......], Antonio Colombo, Elisabeth Ståhle, Stefan James, Didier Carrié, Gerard Fournial, Gerrit Anne van Es, Keith D Dawkins, Friedrich W Mohr, Marie-Claude Morice, Patrick W Serruys
  EuroIntervention: journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology 04/2013; · 3.29 Impact Factor
• Article: The CABG SYNTAX Score - an angiographic tool to grade the complexity of coronary disease following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: from the SYNTAX Left Main Angiographic (SYNTAX-LE MANS) substudy.

  Vasim Farooq, Chrysafios Girasis, Michael Magro, Yoshinobu Onuma, Marie Angèle Morel, Jung Ho Heo, Hector Garcia-Garcia, Arie Pieter Kappetein, Marcel van den Brand, David R Holmes, [......], Antonio Colombo, Elisabeth Ståhle, Stefan James, Didier Carrié, Gerard Fournial, Gerrit-Anne van Es, Keith D Dawkins, Friedrich W Mohr, Marie-Claude Morice, Patrick W Serruys
  [show abstract] [hide abstract]
  ABSTRACT: Aims: The SYNTAX Score (SXscore) has established itself as an important prognostic tool in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A limitation of the SXscore is the inability to differentiate outcomes in patients who have undergone prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The CABG SXscore was devised to address this limitation. Methods and results: In the SYNTAX-LE MANS substudy 115 patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (isolated or associated with one, two or three-vessel disease) treated with CABG were prospectively assigned to undergo a 15-month coronary angiogram. An independent core laboratory analysed the baseline SXscore prior to CABG. The 15-month CABG SXscore was calculated by a panel of three interventional cardiologists. The CABG SXscore was calculated by determining the standard SXscore in the "native" coronary vessels ("native SXscore") and deducting points based on the importance of the diseased coronary artery segment (Leaman score) that have a functioning bypass graft anastomosed distally. Points relating to intrinsic coronary disease, such as bifurcation disease or calcification, remain unaltered. The mean 15-month CABG SXscore was significantly lower compared to the mean baseline SXscore (baseline SXscore 31.6, SD 13.1; 15-month CABG SXscore 21.2, SD 11.1; p<0.001). Reproducibility analyses (kappa [k] statistics) indicated a substantial agreement between CABG SXscore measurements (k=0.70; 95% CI [0.50-0.90], p<0.001), with the points deducted to calculate the CABG SXscore the most reproducible measurement (k=0.74; 95% CI [0.53-0.95], p<0.001). Despite the limited power of the study, four-year outcome data (Kaplan-Meier curves) demonstrated a trend towards reduced all-cause death (9.1% vs. 1.8%, p=0.084) and death/CVA/MI (16.4% vs. 7.0%, p=0.126) in the low compared to the high CABG SXscore group. Conclusions: In this pilot study the calculation of the CABG SXscore appeared feasible, reproducible and may have a long-term prognostic role in patients with complex coronary disease undergoing surgical revascularisation. Validation of this new scoring methodology is required.
  EuroIntervention: journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology 03/2013; 8(11):1277-85. · 3.29 Impact Factor
• Article: Anatomical and clinical characteristics to guide decision making between coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention for individual patients: development and validation of SYNTAX score II.

  Vasim Farooq, David van Klaveren, Ewout W Steyerberg, Emanuele Meliga, Yvonne Vergouwe, Alaide Chieffo, Arie Pieter Kappetein, Antonio Colombo, David R Holmes, Michael Mack, Ted Feldman, Marie-Claude Morice, Elisabeth Ståhle, Yoshinobu Onuma, Marie-angèle Morel, Hector M Garcia-Garcia, Gerrit Anne van Es, Keith D Dawkins, Friedrich W Mohr, Patrick W Serruys
  [show abstract] [hide abstract]
  ABSTRACT: The anatomical SYNTAX score is advocated in European and US guidelines as an instrument to help clinicians decide the optimum revascularisation method in patients with complex coronary artery disease. The absence of an individualised approach and of clinical variables to guide decision making between coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are limitations of the SYNTAX score. SYNTAX score II aimed to overcome these limitations. SYNTAX score II was developed by applying a Cox proportional hazards model to results of the randomised all comers SYNTAX trial (n=1800). Baseline features with strong associations to 4-year mortality in either the CABG or the PCI settings (interactions), or in both (predictive accuracy), were added to the anatomical SYNTAX score. Comparisons of 4-year mortality predictions between CABG and PCI were made for each patient. Discriminatory performance was quantified by concordance statistics and internally validated with bootstrap resampling. External validation was done in the multinational all comers DELTA registry (n=2891), a heterogeneous population that included patients with three-vessel disease (26%) or complex coronary artery disease (anatomical SYNTAX score ≥33, 30%) who underwent CABG or PCI. The SYNTAX trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00114972. SYNTAX score II contained eight predictors: anatomical SYNTAX score, age, creatinine clearance, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), presence of unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease, peripheral vascular disease, female sex, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SYNTAX score II significantly predicted a difference in 4-year mortality between patients undergoing CABG and those undergoing PCI (p(interaction) 0·0037). To achieve similar 4-year mortality after CABG or PCI, younger patients, women, and patients with reduced LVEF required lower anatomical SYNTAX scores, whereas older patients, patients with ULMCA disease, and those with COPD, required higher anatomical SYNTAX scores. Presence of diabetes was not important for decision making between CABG and PCI (p(interaction) 0·67). SYNTAX score II discriminated well in all patients who underwent CABG or PCI, with concordance indices for internal (SYNTAX trial) validation of 0·725 and for external (DELTA registry) validation of 0·716, which were substantially higher than for the anatomical SYNTAX score alone (concordance indices of 0·567 and 0·612, respectively). A nomogram was constructed that allowed for an accurate individualised prediction of 4-year mortality in patients proposing to undergo CABG or PCI. Long-term (4-year) mortality in patients with complex coronary artery disease can be well predicted by a combination of anatomical and clinical factors in SYNTAX score II. SYNTAX score II can better guide decision making between CABG and PCI than the original anatomical SYNTAX score. Boston Scientific Corporation.
  The Lancet 02/2013; 381(9867):639-50. · 38.28 Impact Factor
• Article: Treatment of complex coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes: 5-year results comparing outcomes of bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in the SYNTAX trial.

  Arie Pieter Kappetein, Stuart J Head, Marie-Claude Morice, Adrian P Banning, Patrick W Serruys, Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr, Keith D Dawkins, Michael J Mack
  [show abstract] [hide abstract]
  ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: This prespecified subgroup analysis examined the effect of diabetes on left main coronary disease (LM) and/or three-vessel disease (3VD) in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the SYNTAX trial. METHODS: Patients (n = 1800) with LM and/or 3VD were randomized to receive either PCI with TAXUS Express paclitaxel-eluting stents or CABG. Five-year outcomes in subgroups with (n = 452) or without (n = 1348) diabetes were examined: major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE), the composite safety end-point of all-cause death/stroke/myocardial infarction (MI) and individual MACCE components death, stroke, MI and repeat revascularization. Event rates were estimated with Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS: In diabetic patients, 5-year rates were significantly higher for PCI vs CABG for MACCE (PCI: 46.5% vs CABG: 29.0%; P < 0.001) and repeat revascularization (PCI: 35.3% vs CABG: 14.6%; P < 0.001). There was no difference in the composite of all-cause death/stroke/MI (PCI: 23.9% vs CABG: 19.1%; P = 0.26) or individual components all-cause death (PCI: 19.5% vs CABG: 12.9%; P = 0.065), stroke (PCI: 3.0% vs CABG: 4.7%; P = 0.34) or MI (PCI: 9.0% vs CABG: 5.4%; P = 0.20). In non-diabetic patients, rates with PCI were also higher for MACCE (PCI: 34.1% vs CABG: 26.3%; P = 0.002) and repeat revascularization (PCI: 22.8% vs CABG: 13.4%; P < 0.001), but not for the composite end-point of all-cause death/stroke/MI (PCI: 19.8% vs CABG: 15.9%; P = 0.069). There were no differences in all-cause death (PCI: 12.0% vs CABG: 10.9%; P = 0.48) or stroke (PCI: 2.2% vs CABG: 3.5%; P = 0.15), but rates of MI (PCI: 9.9% vs CABG: 3.4%; P < 0.001) were significantly increased in the PCI arm in non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, PCI resulted in higher rates of MACCE and repeat revascularization at 5 years. Although PCI is a potential treatment option in patients with less-complex lesions, CABG should be the revascularization option of choice for patients with more-complex anatomic disease, especially with concurrent diabetes.
  European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery: official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 02/2013; · 2.40 Impact Factor
• Article: The Negative Impact of Incomplete Angiographic Revascularization on Clinical Outcomes and Its Association With Total Occlusions in the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) Trial.

  Vasim Farooq, Patrick W Serruys, Hector M Garcia-Garcia, Yaojun Zhang, Christos V Bourantas, David R Holmes, Michael Mack, Ted Feldman, Marie-Claude Morice, Elisabeth Ståhle, [......], Roberto Diletti, Michail I Papafaklis, Ton de Vries, Marie-Angèle Morel, Gerrit Anne van Es, Friedrich W Mohr, Keith D Dawkins, Arie-Pieter Kappetein, Georgios Sianos, Eric Boersma
  [show abstract] [hide abstract]
  ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: The study sought to evaluate the clinical impact of angiographic complete (CR) and incomplete (ICR) revascularization and its association with the presence of total occlusions (TO), after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in the "all-comers" SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial. BACKGROUND: In patients with complex coronary artery disease undergoing PCI or CABG, the long-term prognostic implications of CR versus ICR is unsettled. METHODS: In this post hoc study, consisting of randomized (n = 1,800) and nested PCI (n = 198) and CABG (n = 649) registries, 4-year clinical outcomes were compared in groups, with and without angiographic CR, in the PCI and CABG arms. Clinical outcomes were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank comparisons, and Cox regression analyses. Multivariate predictors of ICR were determined. Similar analyses were undertaken in the TO and non-TO treated groups of both study arms. RESULTS: Angiographic CR was achieved in 52.8% of the PCI arm and 66.9% of the CABG arm. Within the PCI and CABG arms, ICR (compared with CR) seemed to be a surrogate marker of a greater burden of anatomical coronary complexity and clinical comorbidity and was associated with significantly higher frequencies of 4-year mortality, all-cause revascularization, stent thrombosis (PCI arm), and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The presence of a TO was the strongest independent predictor of ICR after PCI (hazard ratio: 2.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.98 to 3.67, p < 0.001). Eight hundred and forty patients (PCI: 26.3%, CABG: 36.4%, p < 0.001) were identified to have 1,007 TOs, with 68.1% of TOs located in the proximal-mid coronary vasculature. The findings associating ICR (compared with CR) with higher frequencies of 4-year mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events remained consistent in the TO-treated groups in the PCI and CABG arms. CONCLUSIONS: Within the PCI and CABG arms of the all-comers SYNTAX trial, angiographically determined ICR has a detrimental impact on long-term clinical outcomes, including mortality. This effect remained consistent in patients with and without TOs.
  Journal of the American College of Cardiology 12/2012; · 14.16 Impact Factor