Arham Ali

University of California, Los Angeles | UCLA · Department of Pediatrics

Advances in burn care have greatly reduced mortality, necessitating standardized outcome measures for function and quality of life. This chapter discusses outcome measures that are most commonly used or that have been validated. Outcome measures are presented according to time after burn injury (short- and long term). Measures are also presented fo...

Chemical burns account for up to one-third of burn-related deaths, necessitating careful and timely management of these injuries. This chapter will discuss the classes of chemicals that cause burns and their mechanisms of action. It will go on to describe the pathophysiology and clinical features of chemical burns. Laboratory tests and imaging that...

Introduction: Severe burns trigger a hyperdynamic state, necessitating accurate measurement of cardiac output (CO) for cardiovascular observation and guiding fluid resuscitation. However, it's unknown whether, in burned children, the increasingly popular transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) method of CO measurement is as accurate as the widely use...

Since the presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was confirmed in adult humans, BAT has become a therapeutic target for obesity and insulin resistance. We examined whether human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) can adopt a BAT-like phenotype using a clinical model of prolonged and severe adrenergic stress. sWAT samples were collected from s...

Propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker, exerts an indirect effect on the vasculature by leaving α-adrenergic receptors unopposed, resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction. We have previously shown that propranolol diminishes peripheral blood following burn injury by increasing vascular resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate whethe...

Introduction: According to the 2014 National Burn Repository (NBR), infants with severe burn injury exhibited over twice the mortality than children in childhood and adolescence age groups combined (25% vs. 12%). The aim of this study is to outline physiological perturbations in infants with burn injury admitted or referred to a single specialized...

Inhalation injury, which is among the causes of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), continues to represent a significant source of mortality in burned patients. Inhalation injury often requires mechanical ventilation, but the ideal tidal volume strategy is not clearly defined in burned pediatric patients. The aim of th...

Background: Children with severe cutaneous burn injury show persistent metabolic abnormalities, including inflammation and insulin resistance. Such abnormalities could potentially increase their future risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This could be related to changes in body composition and fat...

Post-burn hyperglycemia leads to graft failure, multiple organ failure, and death. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is used to keep serum glucose between 60 and 110 mg/dL. Because of frequent hypoglycemic episodes, a less-stringent sliding scale insulin protocol is used to maintain serum glucose levels between 80 and 160 mg/dL after elevations >...

The stress response to surgery, critical illness, trauma, and burns encompasses derangements of metabolic and physiological processes that induce perturbations in the inflammatory, acute phase, hormonal, and genomic responses. Hypermetabolism and hypercatabolis m result, leading to muscle wasting, impaired immune function and wound healing, organ f...