Question
Zoonotic diseases
What are the measurable effects of climate change on zoonotic diseases?
All Answers (22)
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Climate change will most likely affect host and vector distribution..maybe even density and in this way disease dinamics... Just an idea. -
I agree Bruno. The rainy season affects the microenvironment of rodents, they seek dry places and can be installed close to humans. This fact increases the risk of water and food contamination. Also the migration of rodents and reptiles, put in direct contact to humans and animals increases the risk of bites. -
Also, the amount of insects (mosquitoes and flies) should increase with increasing temperature climate. -
Actually climate change are more likey to be global warming, and the increase in the tempreture could have an effect on the zoonotic disease but more like increase the likey hood of risk factors of insects -
Hi Bruno. I just got an email asking me to reply. Pretty cool the way this works. Have you read this one? --
Potential influence of climate change on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases: a review and proposed research plan.
James N Mills, Kenneth L Gage, Ali S Khan
Environmental Health Perspectives (impact factor: 6.19). 11/2010; 118(11):1507-14. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901389
It's a start. -
Hi Jim:
Good to know i can find you here... please answer my emails!! jajjajajaa
i haven't read that one.. But there are plenty of reports and studies on vector borne diseases and climate change, on dengue and malaria and others...
Vector's life cycle is more affected by climate conditions... hot conditions will accelerate the cycle and with this, increase the vector’s population… -
Vector borne are important, but also take into account other zoonosis: rabia, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, etc...
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Sure! I mentioned vector born as those have been more studied. Hantavirus, rabies and many others could have a similar trend, but we would have to add the environmental perturbation in to account, as changes in the environment are more likely to affect species distribution.
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I think the effects are yet to be seen in especially in temperate regions, where it is becoming warmer, therefore will allow for certain microbs, parasites and vectors to thrive... -
On vector born diseases, not only abundance has to be taken into account, since with temperature changes also vector competence.
A good current event that ilustrate how floods (that may result from climate change) chage the pattern of diseases is the rabies outbreak in Brasil (http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=20120419.1107099) (I'm not suggesting that those floods result from climate change, but is a good example of what might happen) -
The original question was: “What are the measurable effects of climate change on zoonotic diseases?” Most of the responses have addressed a slightly different question: “How might climate change impact vector-borne diseases?” I think it's important to have answers to the latter question before we can design studies to measure the effects requested in the first question.
A quick look at GCM predictions shows substantial variation in regional climate; some areas will be cooler, others warmer than at present. Precipitation patterns are predicted to change as well. All of these impact the vector-borne disease system. In essence, we can't make meaningful global predictions, only local or perhaps regional predictions.
An important consideration that hasn't had much discussion is the decoupling of environmental cues under environmental change. For example, cumulative degree days along the Northern Colorado Front Range are about 30 days ahead of normal. This has led to early flowering of many plants and, presumably, fruit set, etc. How will this affect returning migrant birds that depend on the fruit? Will nesting success be affected? On the vector front, although early high temperatures created optimal conditions for early mosquito production, this has been one of the driest springs in years—leading to reduced larval habitat for many vector species. This is just by way of saying that the issue is amazingly complex (which is why it is so fascinating to study these systems).
Chet Moore -
many vector will rise by increment of temp. infact they are climate sensitive.this will causes many vector borne diseses such as Japanese encephalitis,dengue,kalazar etc. -
Vectorborne as well as zoonoses will increase. Also new diseases in areas with no presence previously will appear. For example in Greece, West Nile Fever has appeared the last years. Chicunkugya has appeared in Italy...etc... -
The global temperatures change is a very important risk factor for the occurence of diseases especialy the zoonoses In Brazil we can see this situation and may be a concern for the researches and the sanitary authority wordwide. -
changing climate will changes the habitat of parasite,also the transmission modality of infectious diseases in context of Nepal.habitat destruction,forest degradation will allow the human-wild life contact which will transmitted the diseases to humans.
im also going to study the same case in nepal.i will be grateful if anybody tell me how vector population is counted in our area? -
the measurable effects of climate change on zoonotic diseases is zoonotic diseases such as Rift Valley Fever, Lyme Disease and West Nile Virus fever. I think,drivers for emergence of each of these diseases can be classified as Biotic, Socioeconomic and Abiotic, the latter including climate change,.
The main direct drivers for emergence for this diseases are animal movements – facilitated by transport and trade – and landscape change due to temp.similary,close contact between wildlife and human. -
Increased incidence of Leptospirosis outbreak in human and animals following heavy rains is extensively documented globally. India had similar episodes in Surat and Mumbai in recent past.. The major reason being rain water fills the rat holes and burrows below the earth surface bringing out all the rat urine contaminated stuff and spreading it on the surface. Several viral infections are carried for vast distances based on the wind velocity.
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The prevalence of zoonotic diseases may be influenced by changes in the animal reservoir, the vector reservoir for vector-borne diseases, and the opportunities for humans to become in contact with the animal and vector reservoirs. Indirect transmission through the environment is also a possibility. Climate changes may affect all these variables: modifications of the importance and the spread of the animal reservoir, the same for the vector reservoir, more frequent contact of humans with those reservoirs, prolonged or reduced survival of the microorganisms in the environment, etc.
Sometimes, it is easy to explain changes in the prevalence of a zoonosis (e.g., West Nile virus and spread of the vector, tularemia in Spain and recent introduction of an infected animal reservoir), but most often multiple causes are involved and therefore difficult to study (e.g., Lyme disease or rickettiosis extending in previously non-endemic areas). -
Not much work has been done on the measurable impact of climate changes on zoonooses, though its impact is globally recognized. Again the impact can not be uniformly the same to different ecozones on earth.
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A measurable increase in the number leptospirosis outbreaks after floodings in the last 6 years in centro américa, the caribean and some south american countries as Brazil and Ecuador can be quantified. In my opinion although complex and heterogenous, a general increasing effect on outbreaks and incidence can be measured in several zoonotic diseases, specially in developing countries, who lack of the adecuate infraestructure and technology and those who are growing fast and without organization. for example the increase in temperatures are causing the migration of animals, vectors and pathogens, for example ticks to higher areas.
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now in ecuador we found angiostrongylosis and we are the only country in the region -
Dr. Mauricio Godoy is absolutely right. It is a common phenomenon that there is an up surge in the number of incidences of Leptospirosis in animals and human following flooding. Most countries have recorded this . We had an episode in Surat city and Mumbai in 2005 and 2007. I was instrumental in initiating a Leptospira isolation studies in human and animals in Gujarat. and recorded a large number of isolations not ever tried in this region. In all such cases, globally it is the rats that are mostly responsible,b'cos the floods and water logging drive out the rodents living or dead under the ground along with rat urine contaminated stuff in the burrows. The kind of down pour reported from New yark during hurricane Sandy prompts one to be cautious of this potential bublic health risk.
Popular Answers
A quick look at GCM predictions shows substantial variation in regional climate; some areas will be cooler, others warmer than at present. Precipitation patterns are predicted to change as well. All of these impact the vector-borne disease system. In essence, we can't make meaningful global predictions, only local or perhaps regional predictions.
An important consideration that hasn't had much discussion is the decoupling of environmental cues under environmental change. For example, cumulative degree days along the Northern Colorado Front Range are about 30 days ahead of normal. This has led to early flowering of many plants and, presumably, fruit set, etc. How will this affect returning migrant birds that depend on the fruit? Will nesting success be affected? On the vector front, although early high temperatures created optimal conditions for early mosquito production, this has been one of the driest springs in years—leading to reduced larval habitat for many vector species. This is just by way of saying that the issue is amazingly complex (which is why it is so fascinating to study these systems).
Chet Moore