Could you please recommend publications (review papers, books available online) concerning conventional (chemical) methods of heavy metal treatment in sewage. Especially interested in cadmium and lead.
Much appreciated!
All Answers (36)
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Eckenfelder book on Water Treatment by McGraw Hill -
You can find a lot of information on sewage treatment and subsequent metals removal from it in the following book.
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Removal of metals from wastewater
Neutralization and Precipitation
Edited by George C. Cushnie, Jr.
Noyes Publications, New Jersey, USA
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Biosorption seems to be the most practical option.
Look out for research papers on biosorption of cadmium and lead. Rise husks and rose petals have some potential to biosorb these materials. See if you can scale up the lab based process. -
Here is an article where you can start your search. -
Conventional chemical methods to remove heavy metals are based on hydroxide precipitation at high pH but this requires alkaline and acid (for neutralization after treatment) resulting in increased salinity.
A more sustainable method is based on the anaerobic reduction of sulfates as to precipitate the heavy metals as sulfides at neutral pH. -
Adsorption technique is one of the effective methods for removal of heavy metals from sewage and wastewater. You can find several papers in international journals (HAZAMAT, Chemosphere, environmental international, Adsorption ). Also this book may be useful :-
Book: Industrial Waste: Environmental Impact, Disposal and Treatment. Editor John P. Samuelson. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.USA ( 2009). -
Here is an article where you can start your search. Removal of Zn, Cd, and Pb Ions from water by Sarooj clay
Samir I. Abu-Eishah, Applied Clay Science 42 (2008) 201–205 -
Thank you very much. Currently I'm working on biosorption methods using nontoxic blue-green algae although couldn't find much about chemical methods which I am not familiar with. Thank you very much!!! -
This articles may help you:
Metal Removal by Physical and Chemical Treatment Processes
Toshiro Maruyama, Sidney A. Hannah and Jesse M. Cohen
Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation)
Vol. 47, No. 5 (May, 1975), pp. 962-975
Published by: Water Environment Federation
and another in this link:
http://pubs.acs.org/DAF99BBA-93FE-4DC0-80A4-18FF0E942A28/FinalDownload/DownloadId-C0307D89C9EC89F156DD1D9F50C64782/DAF99BBA-93FE-4DC0-80A4-18FF0E942A28/doi/pdf/10.1021/es60065a006 -
For removal of Cadmium it is necessary to add a caustic solution until the pH reaches about 11.5. Normally this means that you will need to add acid after removing the precipitate, to bring the pH down to normal levels. Lead can be precipitated by hydroxide at pH10.3, however the solubility is still high. See Metcalf and Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Reuse, 4thEdn pp 514-517. It also details sulfide pKa s.
Regards -
http://www.scribd.com/danh_pham/d/73092387-Review-Heavy-Metal-Adsorbent
please check it, may be useful -
The precipitation procedure suggested by Grant Haylock is cost-effective and very simple to implement for practical purposes. -
Biosorption process seems the best option for removal of metal in sewage. Agricultural waste products such as saw dust, coconut shell, groundnut shell, sugar can fiber, are useful biogdegradable materials for cadmium and lead adsorption. Charcoal/activated carbon could also be used. -
Brian Cooksey and Brian Metters at the University of Strathclyde in the mid 1970s found that they could readily adsorb lead from water using a sand column from which the lead could be stripped using acid washing, a technique they developed for preconcentration then subsequent quantitative analysis by anodic stripping voltammetry
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Sir
I had tried sorption for cadmium and lead removal for my PhD research work through two different materials.
Aliya Fazal -
Tobacco plants are renownwd for their ability to absorb cadnium as well as the other materials that Dr. Nwokoma mentioned. Pb2+ should be rather easy to precipitate with any soluble halide salt (e.g. KI) as PbI2 is very sparingly soluble. I wouldn't be surprised if their isn;t a common ion that could precipitate both of them, then treat the remaining water with bio remediation methods.
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Phytoremediation is a good option.
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Thank you very much for all sugestions! Much appreciated!
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In the following paperwork and related articles you can find some informations concerning havy metal removal by adsorption: Pehlivan E, Yanik BH, Ahmetli G, Pehlivan M. Equilibrium isotherm studies for the uptake of cadmium and lead ions onto sugar beet pulp. Bioresour Technol 2008;99:3520-7. -
metal removal is only possible with membrane process,Here is an article for metal ion removal -
Hi. The following link can be useful to have access to the paper entitled "Removing heavy metals from wastewater": http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es60065a006.
Regards, -
Hi. Adsorption whit zeolites is a good option for both elements in acs and redalyc, you can learn more in papers
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go through google search------
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION
IN THE SEDIMENT CORES, WATERHYACITHS AND
WATER OF ABA SAMUEL LAKE
also send me email id -- i will send you book of APHA for all type of waste water analysis. -
Hello,
We have developed an modified form of ionic liquid which is able to remove metals from the water. The method is very easy and economically viable. Along with metals this material is able to extract dyes and other organic materials also. If you are interested then i will give you details. -
Hi, why is the focus of your project? Usually the precipitation with carbonates is a good and cheap option. If you need more information about these, tell me. -
see my attachments also link- 1. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (6), pp. 921-928, 20 March, 2009
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB
2. Land Contamination & Reclamation, 9 (4) 2001 DOI 10.2462/09670513.568
if need more mail me on Pratapware0@gmail.com -
The following are the suggestion
1. you can isolate strain from the sewage and use it for bioaccumulation. It has been well documented that this process works well for metal remoal
2. Alternatively you can use electrocoagulation process. this is well proven technology for sewage treatment. -
There is something missing;
a) Wich is the content both of Pb and Cd in the wastewaters
b) Wich is the target to reach for both in the effluents
c) Origin of the wastewaters (i.e. galvanic industry, minerary, metal industry... etc)
d) pH and temperature
e) Final effluent (to a river, to a lake, to sea...)
With these informations I can suggest you the more suited technology.
Regarding books I think these are the more suited:
a) The Nalco Water Handbook
and the "industrial wastewater management" that you can find here
http://avaxhome.ws/ebooks/engeneering_technology/007159238X-1303432606.html -
You can use precipitation with an alcali or carbonates, both are good options. Also you can use electrocoagulation. -
Ask prof. Jacek Czekała from Poznan University of Life Sciences - he has a very large experience with cadmium and lead treatment in sewage sludge as well as its behaviour after sludge incorporation into the soils. -
By precipitation u can easily settele the lead, cad. Increase the Ph up to 10, settele the heavy metals.
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Hi will love to carry out a research using low cost adsorbent to adsorb crude oil in water, which of the adsorbent do you advice l use. -
Hi, u can go for synthetic ion exchanger.
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we can use adsorption technique or biodetoxification method for removal of Cd and Pb from sewage. species like pseudomona and aspergillus have been reported to be effective in earlier studies -
I used synthetic inorganic ion exchanger for removal of heavy metals ion . Like pb, cd , hg. Etc.
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If precipitation is a suitable option, you can use more specific agents than alcaline/ carbonate. one example is mercapto benzthyazole , used as rubber antioxidant, (should be not very expensive).
There are more sulphur - based organics that precipitate Cd, Hg , Ag , Cu and Pb in neutral pH.
If Separation is the purpose, then the organic- sulphur compound can be linked/ adsorbed to a granular inorganic material- can be activated carbon, zeolite
Popular Answers
We have developed an modified form of ionic liquid which is able to remove metals from the water. The method is very easy and economically viable. Along with metals this material is able to extract dyes and other organic materials also. If you are interested then i will give you details.