Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium (MAGNESIUM RES)

Publications in this journal

• Article: Hydrochlorothiazide and high-fat diets reduce plasma magnesium levels and increase hepatic oxidative stress in rats.

  Marinei Cristina Pereira Ribeiro, Daiana Silva de Avila, Nilda Berenice de Vargas Barbosa, Daiane Francine Meinerz, Emily Pansera Waczuk, Waseem Hassan, João Batista Teixeira Rocha
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  ABSTRACT: This study was designed to develop a rodent model of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) toxicity by associating its intake with a high-fat (HF) diet. Rats were fed for 16 weeks with a control diet or with an HF diet supplemented or not with different doses of HCTZ. HCTZ, in a similar way to the HF diet, caused a significant increase in fructosamine levels. HCTZ and HF diet intake caused a significant reduction in magnesium and potassium levels, as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation and vitamin C in liver. Importantly, negative correlations were found between magnesium and glucose levels as well as between magnesium and fructosamine levels. The association between HCTZ and the HF diet caused additional worsening of biochemical parameters related to glucose homeostasis, and further increased hepatic oxidative stress. Our results suggest that chronic intake of HCTZ or an HF diet causes metabolic changes that are consistent with the development of insulin resistance. In addition, the association of an HF diet and HCTZ treatment can exacerbate some of these biochemical alterations, suggesting that this model might be useful for studying HCTZ metabolic toxicity.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 05/2013;
• Article: Extracellular magnesium and in vitro cell differentiation: different behaviour of different cells.

  Sara Castiglioni, Marzia Leidi, Elisa Carpanese, Jeanette A M Maier
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  ABSTRACT: The contribution of magnesium to cell differentiation is not clear. Some studies indicate that low extracellular magnesium promotes cell differentiation, while others reach opposite conclusions. We evaluated the effects of different concentrations of extracellular magnesium on the differentiation of three in vitro experimental models: human endothelial cells seeded onto Matrigel; phorbol ester-treated myeloid leukemia U937 cells; and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes exposed to a hormonal cocktail containing dexamethasone and insulin. The differentiation of endothelial cells and pre-adipocytes seems to be independent of extracellular Mg concentration. Conversely, magnesium deficiency retards, while high extracellular magnesium accelerates phorbol ester-induced U937 cell differentiation, probably by interfering with calcium homeostasis or with the activity of kinases. We conclude that the extracellular magnesium concentration affects the differentiation of various cell types.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 04/2013;
• Article: Reply to the letter: "What is the correct magnesium supplement?" by Kisters [1].

  Michael Shechter
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 04/2013;
• Article: Platelet serotonin and magnesium concentrations in suicidal and non-suicidal depressed patients.

  Nedjeljka Ruljancic, Mate Mihanovic, Ivana Cepelak, Ana Bakliza, Katarina Dodig Curkovic
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  ABSTRACT: The pathophysiology and treatment of depression involves monoamine neurotransmitters and the magnesium (Mg)-modulated monoaminergic pathway. Serum and platelet Mg concentrations and platelet serotonin concentrations were measured in 79 depressed patients who had attempted suicide, and 101 patients without suicidal behaviour, according to the ICD-10 diagnoses F 33.2 and F32.2, with or without intentional self-harm (X60-X84). The control group consisted of 77 voluntary blood donors. The platelet serotonin concentration was determined using the competitive enzyme immunoassay test: Mg concentrations in platelets and serum were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The ANOVA test showed significantly lower serum Mg in the group of depressive patients who had attempted suicide (N = 257, F = 8.32, p<0.001), compared to depressive patients who had not, and the control group. Serum albumin was lower in the group of depressive patients who had attempted suicide and showed a significant, positive correlation with serum Mg concentrations. Platelet Mg concentrations were found to be higher in depressive patients who had not attempted suicide (N = 257, F = 3.90, p = 0.012) compared to the control group, with no difference compared to depressive patients who had attempted suicide. The Kruskal Wallis test (N = 257, H = 48.54, p<0.0001) showed the lowest concentration of platelet serotonin in the groups of depressed patients with and without suicidal behaviour, compared to the healthy control group. A positive correlation was found between platelet Mg and serotonin concentrations only in the healthy control group. In conclusion, differences were observed in serum and platelet Mg concentrations, which represent progress in the study of Mg status and its relation to serotonin.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 04/2013;
• Article: Magnesium deficiency increases serum fibroblast growth factor-23 levels in rats.

  Hiroshi Matsuzaki, Yasutaka Kajita, Misao Miwa
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  ABSTRACT: A magnesium (Mg)-deficient diet results in decreased serum phosphorus (P) levels and increased urinary P excretion; however, the mechanisms responsible for these effects are unclear. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is a potent regulator of P homeostasis. To determine the mechanisms responsible for the change in serum levels and urinary excretion of P with Mg deficiency, the present study examined the effects of Mg deficiency on serum FGF-23 levels. Male rats were randomized by weight into two groups and fed a control diet (Mg concentration: 0.05%) or a Mg-deficient diet (Mg concentration: Mg-free) for 21 days. Serum P levels in rats fed the Mg-deficient diet were significantly lower than in rats fed the control diet. Furthermore, urinary P excretion was significantly higher in rats fed the Mg-deficient diet compared to rats fed the control diet. Conversely, the tubular reabsorption rate of P was significantly lower in rats fed the Mg-deficient diet than in the controls. Serum FGF-23 levels in rats fed the Mg-deficient diet were significantly higher than those in animals fed the control diet. The results from the present study indicate that 1) Mg deficiency increases serum FGF-23 levels; and 2) Mg deficiency causes increased urinary P excretion via inhibition of renal P reabsorption, resulting in a lowering of serum P levels. Moreover, we suggest that the high serum FGF-23 levels induced by Mg deficiency contribute to the decrease in renal P reabsorption.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 04/2013;
• Article: The tissue-specific "ferromagnetic attack" on hyperactivation of ATP synthesis by magnesium-25 in mitochondria.

  Oleg A Shatalov, Andrey A Svistunov, Yuri K Napolov, Alexander A Bukhvostov, Dmitry A Kuznetsov, Renad N Alyautdin
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  ABSTRACT: A (25)Mg(2+)-operated hyper-activation of ATP synthesis has been investigated in mitochondria (Mt) isolated from iron-rich and iron-poor rat tissues: spleen, liver, skeletal muscle, myocardium, kidneys, brain. Both magnetic ((25)Mg) and non-magnetic ((24)Mg) magnesium isotopes were separately administered to estimate the degree of the ATP production related to the magnetic isotope effect (MIE) of (25)Mg(2+ )as a function of the amount of Mt-endogenous iron ions. A strong but negative (r = -0.88) correlation between the (25)Mg-MIE degree and the Mt[Fe(2+)] values was found. The physical and biophysical mechanisms behind these phenomena, as well as the possible impact of these data on further biochemical and pharmacological studies involving (25)Mg-promoted nuclear spin selectivity in mitochondrial function, are under discussion.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 01/2013;
• Article: Does post-cardiac surgery magnesium supplementation improve outcome?

  Maria L Carrió, Josep L Ventura, Casimiro Javierre, David Rodríguez-Castro, Elisabet Farrero, Herminia Torrado, Maria B Badia, Jorge Granados
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  ABSTRACT: Hypomagnesemia has been linked with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Since the condition is common after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, the objective of this study was to determine whether magnesium supplementation in the immediate postoperative period may improve outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in a third-level, cardiac surgery intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. Two hundred and sixteen patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were randomized to receive either an intravenous bolus of 1.5 g of magnesium sulphate followed by an infusion of 12 g of the same salt in 24 h (105 patients), or placebo (111 patients) administered according to the same schedule as the treatment group. No significant differences were found either in the primary end point (hours of intubation) or in the secondary end points (length of inotropic support, new atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, length of intensive care unit stay, or ICU or hospital mortality). Hypomagnesemia was present in 12% of patients on admission to the intensive care unit. The magnesium group had a greater need for pacemaker stimulation. In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study, magnesium supplementation after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass does not favourably affect clinical outcomes.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 12/2012;
• Article: Hypomagnesemia in a department of internal medicine.

  George Liamis, Evangelos Liberopoulos, George Alexandridis, Moses Elisaf
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  ABSTRACT: Background: Hypomagnesemia is frequently encountered in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to determine the underlying causes of hypomagnesemia as well as the clinical and biochemical characteristics, and concomitant electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities in patients with decreased serum magnesium (Mg(2+)) levels in an internal medicine clinic. Methods: We prospectively studied adult patients who, either on admission to our clinic or during their hospitalization, were found to have hypomagnesemia (serum Mg(2+) concentration <1.3 mEq/L). Results: One hundred and seven patients out of 2284 patients had hypomagnesemia. The incidence of hypomagnesemia was 4.7%. Malnutrition, drugs (mainly diuretics and aminoglycosides), respiratory alkalosis, diabetes mellitus, acute tubular necrosis, alcohol consumption and gastrointestinal losses were the main causes of the hypomagnesemia. In the majority of patients (80%), more than one condition may have contributed to the development of hypomagnesemia. Seventy-one patients (66.3%) exhibited at least one additional electrolyte disorder. Hypophosphatemia was the most frequent electrolyte abnormality (31.1%), followed by hypokalemia (26.1%), hyponatremia (21.5%), and hypocalcemia (22%). Seventy-eight patients (72.9%) exhibited pure or mixed acid-base disorders, mainly respiratory alkalosis (20.6%), metabolic acidosis (15.8%), and mixed metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis (18.7%). Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia in patients hospitalized in an internal medicine clinic was of multifactorial origin. A wide array of concurrent acid-base and electrolyte disorders was evident in this population.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 12/2012;
• Article: Magnesium intake mediates the association between bone mineral density and lean soft tissue in elite swimmers.

  Catarina N Matias, Diana A Santos, Cristina P Monteiro, Ana M Vasco, Fátima Baptista, Luís B Sardinha, Maria J Laires, Analiza M Silva
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  ABSTRACT: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency has been associated with bone disorders. Physical activity is also crucial for bone mineralization. Bone mass loss has been observed to be accelerated in subjects with low Mg intake. We aim to understand if Mg intake mediates the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and lean soft tissue (LST) in elite swimmers. Seventeen elite swimmers (eight males; nine females) were evaluated. Bone mineral content, BMD, LST, and fat mass were assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Energy and nutrient intake were assessed during a seven-day period and analyzed with Food Processor SQL. Males presented lower values than the normative data for BMD. Mg, phosphorus (P) and vitamin D intake were significantly lower than the recommended daily allowance. A linear regression model demonstrated a significant association between LST and BMD. When Mg intake was included, we observed that this was a significant, independent predictor of BMD, with a significant increase of 24% in the R(2) of the initial predictive model. When adjusted for energy, vitamin D, calcium, and P intake, Mg remained a significant predictor of BMD. In conclusion, young athletes engaged in low impact sports, should pay special attention to Mg intake, given its potential role in bone mineral mass acquisition during growth.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 09/2012; 25(3):120-5.
• Article: Magnesium and Gitelman's Syndrome - a paradox awaiting resolution.

  Lorenzo A Calò, Paul A Davis
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 09/2012; 25(3):147-8.
• Article: Down-regulation of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression in magnesium-deficient rats.

  Junji Takaya, Anna Iharada, Hiroyuki Okihana, Kazunari Kaneko
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  ABSTRACT: Many epidemiological studies have reported the link between magnesium deficiency and metabolic syndrome. We examined whether magnesium deficiency in rats induces changes in glucocorticoid metabolism. Twelve-week-old, female Wistar rats were weaned onto a very low-magnesium diet or a control diet for two weeks. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess mRNA for 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD1), 11β-HSD2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and glucocorticoid receptor in the liver. Concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, corticosterone, insulin and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in fasting serum were determined using a rat-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After two weeks, no differences in serum glucose, leptin, corticosterone, or adiponectin levels were observed between the groups. Magnesium-deficient rats showed higher HOMA-IR, insulin, ionized calcium, ADMA levels and diastolic blood pressure. There were no significant differences in hepatic mRNA expression levels of GR, 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2, or PPARα between the groups. We observed lower expression of hepatic PEPCK mRNA, in the magnesium-deficient rats, thus suggesting a possible compensatory mechanism to diminish glycogenesis. A low-magnesium diet alters glucocorticoid metabolism, which leads to endothelial damage. Higher ADMA induces hypertension and insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia induces hepatic down-regulation of PEPCK, and is possibly a key mechanism inducing the metabolic complications of magnesium deficiency.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 09/2012; 25(3):131-9.
• Article: Intracellular magnesium content decreases during mitochondria-mediated apoptosis induced by a new indole-derivative in human colon cancer cells.

  Concettina Cappadone, Lucia Merolle, Chiara Marraccini, Giovanna Farruggia, Azzurra Sargenti, Alessandra Locatelli, Rita Morigi, Stefano Iotti
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  ABSTRACT: A newly synthesized indole-derivative is able to induce cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in the colon cancer cells HT29, effecting apoptosis by activation of an intrinsic pathway. Magnesium is involved in both cell growth and apoptosis even though its role in the latter process is not well defined. The aims of this work were: firstly, to verify if magnesium content is related to the proliferative rate in HT29 cells; secondly, to assess the involvement of the cation in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis triggered by the new antiproliferative molecule. The effects of the indole-derivative in treated cells included cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and apoptotic death confirmed by release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial compartment. Moreover, we demonstrated that the basal content of magnesium in HT29 cells inversely correlates with cell saturation density. In addition, a decrease in both free and intracellular total magnesium concentration was observed along with the induced apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that magnesium participates in the complex signaling network of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 09/2012; 25(3):104-11.
• Article: Effects of a high-calcium diet on serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in magnesium-deficient rats.

  Hiroshi Matsuzaki, Yasutaka Kajita, Misao Miwa
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  ABSTRACT: In order to clarify the effects of a high-calcium (Ca) diet on bone formation in magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats, this study focused on the effects of a high-Ca diet on serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Male rats were randomized by weight into four groups, and fed one of four experimental diets containing two different Mg concentrations (0.05% (normal-Mg) or Mg-free (Mg-deficient)), and two different Ca concentrations (0.5% (normal-Ca) or 1.0% (high-Ca)) for 14 days. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin and IGF-1 were significantly lower in rats fed the Mg-deficient diet than in rats fed the normal-Mg diet. On the other hand, dietary Ca concentration had no significant influence on serum concentrations of osteocalcin and IGF-1. This study suggested that: 1) a high-Ca diet has no preventive effects on the decreased bone formation seen in Mg-deficient rats; and 2) a high-Ca diet does not enhance serum IGF-1 levels in Mg-deficient rats. Moreover, unchanged serum IGF-1 concentrations may contribute to the decreased bone formation seen in Mg-deficient rats receiving a high-Ca diet.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 09/2012; 25(3):126-30.
• Article: No positive effect of oral magnesium supplementation in the decreases of inflammation in subjects with prediabetes: A pilot study.

  Luis E Simental-Mendía, Martha Rodríguez-Morán, Miguel A Reyes-Romero, Fernando Guerrero-Romero
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  ABSTRACT: To determine whether oral magnesium supplementation modifies serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 in subjects with prediabetes, inflammation, and hypomagnesemia, a total of 26 subjects men and non-pregnant women were included and randomly allocated to receive 30 ml of MgCl(2) 5% solution (equivalent to 382 mg of magnesium) or placebo, daily during three months. At baseline conditions, there were not significant statistical differences between the groups. At end of the study, hsCRP levels were significantly lower in the intervention group (3.3 ± 2.5 vs 8.0 ± 5.9 mg/L, p = 0.03), as compared with the control group. However, the intra-group analysis of the individuals who received magnesium, did not shows significant statistical differences between baseline and final conditions (4.1 ± 3.0 and 3.3 ± 2.5, p = 0.45). In addition, TNF-alpha (1.2 ± 0.3 vs 1.1 ± 0.3 pg/mL, p = 0.69), IL-6 (0.3 ± 0.3 vs 5.0 ± 7.7 pg/mL, p = 0.08), and IL-10 (1.8 ± 0.4 vs 1.8 ± 0.5 pg/mL, p = 0.89) serum levels were not significantly different between the groups. Our results do not show a beneficial effect of oral magnesium supplementation on hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 levels in prediabetic subjects with hypomagnesemia and inflammation. Further studies with large sample sizes and longer time of follow-up are necessaries to verify the results of our pilot study.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 08/2012; 25(3):140-6.
• Article: Calcium and magnesium in drinking-water and risk of death from lung cancer in women.

  Meng-Hsuan Cheng, Hui-Fen Chiu, Shang-Shyue Tsai, Chih-Cheng Chen, Chun-Yuh Yang
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  ABSTRACT: The possible association between the risk of lung cancer in women and the levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in drinking-water from municipal supplies was investigated in a matched, case-control study in Taiwan. All eligible female lung cancer deaths (3,532 cases) of Taiwan residents, from 2000 through to 2008, were compared with deaths from other causes (3,532 controls), and the levels of Ca and Mg in drinking-water of these residents were determined. Data on Ca and Mg levels in drinking-water throughout Taiwan were obtained from the Taiwan Water Supply Corporation (TWSC). The control group consisted of people who died from other causes, and the controls were pair-matched to the cases by sex, year of birth, and year of death. The adjusted odd ratios were not statistically significant for the relationship between Ca levels in drinking-water and lung cancer in women. The adjusted odd ratios for female lung cancer deaths for those with higher Mg levels in their drinking-water, as compared to the lowest tertile, were 0.82 (95% CI = 0.72-0.93) and 0.80 (95% CI = 0.69-0.93), respectively. The results of the present study show that there is a significant trend toward a decreased risk of lung cancer in women with increasing Mg levels in drinking-water.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 08/2012; 25(3):112-9.
• Article: Magnesium and the inflammatory response: potential pathophysiological implications in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?

  Carl Muroi, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Michael Hugelshofer, Martin Seule, Kenichi Mishima, Emanuela Keller
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  ABSTRACT: Cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia remain an unsolved problem in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In theory, high-dose magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) therapy offers vascular and neuroprotective benefits and is therefore currently under evaluation. The intensity of the inflammatory response after SAH is associated with the outcome. The aim of the current study was to evaluate a possible link between the inflammatory response and MgSO(4) therapy, since magnesium (Mg(2+)) has anti-inflammatory properties. In 15 patients with SAH, inflammatory cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood were determined daily using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay between day 4 and day 12. Eight patients were treated with standard therapy alone (group 1) and seven patients were treated with an additional, high-dose of MgSO(4) (group 2). Serum Mg(2+) levels in group 2 were significantly higher compared to group 1: 1.48 ± 0.04 mmol/L versus 0.90 ± 0.01 mmol/L, ρ<0.001. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the CSF was significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 1: 6680 ± 989 vs.11079 ± 1277 pg/mL, ρ = 0.021. A trend towards lower systemic IL-6 levels was found in group 2: 58 ± 7 versus 104 ± 21 pg/mL, ρ = 0.052. Systemic IL-1β levels were significantly lower in group 2: 0.66 ± 0.11 and 0.15 ± 0.01 pg/mL (ρ<0.001), while the CSF levels did not differ. Tumor necrosis factor-α levels did not differ between the two groups. Although there were more patients with favorable outcome in group 2, the difference was not statistically significant. This was probably due to the small sample size. The results indicate a suppression of inflammatory cytokine release, in particular IL-6, in patients treated with high-dose MgSO(4). These results call for further studies of the effect of Mg(2+) on the inflammatory signaling pathway with regard to delayed cerebral ischemia following SAH.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 07/2012; 25(2):64-71.
• Article: The effects of magnesium sulphate on desflurane requirement, early recovery and postoperative analgesia in laparascopic cholecystectomy.

  Bilge Olgun, Gonca Oğuz, Menşure Kaya, Serpil Savlı, Hamit Erdal Eskiçırak, İhsan Güney, Nihal Kadıoğulları
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  ABSTRACT: we evaluated the effects of magnesium sulphate infusion on anesthetic requirement, early recovery and postoperative analgesia in desflurane-remifentanil-based, balanced anaesthesia. 60, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) group 1-2 patients who were scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups. Before anesthesia, the magnesium-treated group (n = 30) received a 15 min infusion of 40 mg/kg of magnesium sulphate followed by 10 mg/kg/h by continuous i.v. infusion during the operation. The same volume of isotonic saline was administered to the control group (n = 30). Anesthesia was induced with propofol, remifentanil and vecuronium, and maintained with desflurane 3-6%, O(2)/air and remifentanil infusion. Desflurane was titrated to maintain BIS (bispectral index) values of 40-60. The times from cessation of anesthesia to spontaneous breathing, eye opening, extubation, reaching BIS 70, and Aldrete scores were recorded. After surgery, patients received a patient-controlled, morphine analgesia device. demographic variables were similar. During the 15 min infusion of magnesium sulphate, the BIS value was significantly lower in the magnesium sulphate-treated group. The amounts of propofol and desflurane used were less in the magnesium sulphate-treated group, by 18% and 22% respectively (p<0.05). The groups did not differ with respect to the time taken to reach BIS 70, spontaneous breathing, eye opening and extubation. Alderete and VAS (visual analogue scale) pain scores, and total morphine consumption were significantly lower in the magnesium sulphate-treated group. There were no differences in side effects, but the rate of re-intubation was higher in the group receiving magnesium sulphate (p = 0.03). perioperative use of magnesium sulphate reduced propofol and desflurane consumption, and the postoperative morphine requirement, while causing a delay in recovery by decreasing the Aldrete score.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 06/2012; 25(2):72-8.
• Article: Serum magnesium: a biomarker of cardiovascular risk revisited?

  Liana C Del Gobbo, Ronald J Elin, Paul Poirier, Grace M Egeland
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 06/2012; 25(2):49-53.
• Article: Gestational glucose intolerance modifies the association between magnesium and glycemic variables in mothers and daughters 15 years post-partum.

  Liana C Del Gobbo, Yiqing Song, Ronald J Elin, Sara J Meltzer, Grace M Egeland
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  ABSTRACT: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and low magnesium (Mg) intake and status are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, Mg homeostasis may be modified by GDM. We sought to determine if a history of GDM prospectively modifies associations between Mg and glycemic variables in mothers and their offspring. Plasma and dietary Mg, anthropometric, lifestyle and glycemic variables were assessed in mothers affected by GDM during 1989-1990, a comparative group of normoglycemic women, pregnant during the same time period, and the 15-year-old, nondiabetic daughters of affected and unaffected pregnancies (n = 332). Multivariate regression analyses evaluated the cross-sectional association between plasma and dietary Mg with glycemic variables in mothers and daughters. Plasma Mg was lower in mothers with a history of GDM in comparison to control mothers after adjustment for current type 2 diabetes, race and body mass index (0.90 ± 0.01 versus 0.96 ± 0.01 mmol/L; p = 0.002). Plasma Mg was significantly associated with insulin sensitivity and was inversely associated with fasting insulin in GDM mothers only (p<0.05). Plasma and dietary Mg were significantly inversely associated with glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose, respectively, in nondiabetic teenage daughters. For fasting glucose, plasma Mg was inversely associated in GDM-born daughters only. Associations between plasma Mg and some glycemic variables may be stronger in mothers and offspring with a history of GDM.
  Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 06/2012; 25(2):54-63.