Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.)

Publications in this journal

• Article: Comparison of 3 One-bottle Adhesives on Fissure Sealant Microleakage: An In Vitro Study.

  Mahtab Memarpour, Fereshteh Shafiei
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of 3 one-bottle adhesives with different solvents added under the fissure sealant on intact etched enamel. A total of 100 sound mandibular third molars were randomly divided into 5 groups (N=20). Occlusal pits and fissures were sealed with an unfilled fissure sealant (FS) material. Study groups included: (1) phosphoric acid etching + FS (control); (2) acid etching + Adper Single Bond 2 + FS; (3) acid etching + OptiBond Solo Plus + FS; (4) acid etching + One-Step Plus + FS; and (5) no pretreatment (FS alone). After aging and thermocycling, specimens were placed in 0.5% fuchsin, sectioned, and evaluated by digital microscope. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance of P<.05. Group 5 (FS alone) showed the greatest microleakage, which was significantly different from the other groups (P<.05). Group 4 showed the lowest microleakage, followed by groups 3 and 2. No significant differences existed among groups 1 to 4 (P>.05). Conventional acid etching alone or with a one-bottle adhesive that contained different solvents of acetone, ethanol, or ethanol/water combination yielded similar sealing results in sealant therapy.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):16-9.
• Article: Current trends in pulp therapy: a survey analyzing pulpotomy techniques taught in pediatric dental residency programs.

  Laquia A Walker, Brian J Sanders, James E Jones, C Andrew Williamson, Jeffrey A Dean, Joseph J Legan, Gerardo Maupome
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  ABSTRACT: The study's purpose was to survey directors of pediatric dental residency programs in order to evaluate the materials currently being taught and used for pulpotomy procedures for primary teeth in educational and clinical settings. A web-based survey was emailed to all graduate pediatric dental residency program directors in the United States. Seventy one emails were sent to program directors, 47 responded but only 39 respondents (55%) were included in the study. Results suggested a slight decrease in utilization of formocresol 1:5 dilution (P<.01) and an increase in both ferric sulfate (P<.05) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; P<.02) utilization for primary tooth pulpotomy procedures. The most common reasons for elimination of formocresol (18% of respondents) were systemic health concerns and carcinogenicity, in addition to evidence-based literature. Even though 25% of respondents have begun to use MTA for primary pulpotomy procedures, the most common reason for utilization of other medicaments over MTA was its higher cost. With 82% of graduate pediatric dental residency programs still utilizing formocresol 1:5 dilution for pulpotomy procedures in primary teeth, there has been no major shift away from its clinical use, in spite of increased usage of newer medicaments over the last 5 years.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):31-5.
• Article: Traumatic Injuries of Permanent Teeth Among 6- to 12-year-old Iraqi Children: A 4-year Retrospective Study.

  Ghaeth H Yassen, Judith R Chin, Baydaa Ali Othman Al-Rawi, Ahmed G Mohammedsharif, Saif S Alsoufy, Lamiaa Abdul-Rhman Hassan, Leka'a Hashim Salim, George Eckert
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the types, causes, and other factors associated with traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the permanent teeth of children in Mosul, Iraq. Data were collected from the dental records of 6- to 12-year-old children with TDIs who attended the Pediatric Dental Clinic at the Mosul University School of Dentistry between October 2006 and October 2010. The gathered data included: demographic information, when and where the injury occurred, type of dental injury, cause of injury, and the time elapsed between the TDI and dental care. Data were evaluated using the chi-square test. A total of 294 children with TDIs were examined and treated. The highest frequency of TDIs was among 12-year-old children (29%), with more males being affected (P<.001). The most common type of injury was enamel-dentin fracture (56%). The most frequent cause of TDIs was falls (53%). The majority of the injuries happened outdoors (55%), and 37% of the cases occurred in the Fall. Only 5% of patients sought dental care within 24 hours of the injury. This 4-year retrospective study showed that the majority of children with TDIs sought dental treatment after one month of the injury. Educating parents and teachers about the benefits of trauma prevention and immediate treatment of injuries is a must.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):3-8.
• Article: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: review of the literature and case report.

  J P Beena
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  ABSTRACT: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), previously known as juvenile chronic arthritis or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is a chronic disease of childhood with a spectrum of joint involvement and associated systemic involvement. The cause of JIA is poorly understood, and no drugs can cure the disease currently. Pediatric dentists should be familiar with the symptoms, complications, and oral manifestations of JIA to help manage the disease and provide quality care to these patients. The purpose of this case report is to review the condition and to describe the case of an adolescent with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, focusing on specific recommendations for dental management.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):25-30.
• Article: Prevalence and predictive factors of dental anxiety in brazilian adolescents.

  Ricardo Wathson Feitosa de Carvalho, Paulo Germano de Carvalho Bezerra Falcão, Gustavo José de Luna Campos, Emanuel Sávio de Souza Andrade, Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito Vasconcelos, Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Pereira
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predicitve factors of dental anxiety among Brazilian adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 340 Brazilian adolescents, done between 2005 and 2010. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale and an objective questionnaire were used to determine the degree of dental anxiety. The prevalence of moderate to severe dental anxiety was approximately 18%. Dental anxiety was correlated with the following factors: gender (P<.05), age group (P<.001), degree of schooling (P<.001), access to newspapers and/or the Internet (P<02), oral hygiene frequency (P=.005), visits to the dentist (P<.02), reason for last visit to the dentist (P<.001), and experience with dental pain (P=.002). Dental fear and anxiety in Brazilian adolescents are associated with lack of economic resources, negligence of oral health, low educational level, female gender, and younger age.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):41-6.
• Article: Flowable glass ionomer cement layer bonding to sound and carious primary dentin.

  Tathiane Larissa Lenzi, Clarissa Calil Bonifácio, Marcelo Bönecker, W Evert van Amerongen, Fernando Neves Nogueira, Daniela Prócida Raggio
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a flowable glass ionomer cement (GIC) layer application on bond strength to sound (SD) and carious primary dentin (CD). Flat dentin surfaces from primary molars were randomly assigned to 4 groups (N=5) according to substrate (SD or CD; pH-cycling for 14 days); and layers of GIC (1 layer/control [regular powder/liquid ratio] or 2 layers [first a flowable GIC layer and second a regular powder/liquid ratio layer of GIC]). After 24 hours of water storage, specimens were prepared to be evaluated with the microtensile test (1 mm/min). The fracture pattern was evaluated at 400X magnification (stereomicroscope). The bond strength to SD was higher than to CD when GIC was inserted in 2 layers (P=.02). No significant difference was observed between 1 or 2 layers of GIC insertion (P>.05). For all groups, adhesive/mixed fracture prevailed. The effect of applying the flowable GIC layer on bond strength to dentin is dependent on substrate and results in an increase in adhesion for sound primary dentin.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):20-4.
• Article: Management of Symphysis Fracture in a 3-year-old Child With Prefabricated Acrylic Splint and Circum-mandibular Wiring.

  Ila Srinivasan, M Naveen Kumar, P Satish Kumaran, Arihant Bhandari, J Udhya
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  ABSTRACT: Pediatric mandibular fractures are often the sequelae of facial skeletal injuries in patients with trauma and frequently require hospitalization. Due to the retrusive mid-face position relative to the calvarial prominence, facial fractures are rare in children younger than 5 years of age. Although rare, they most often occur as a result of motor vehicle accidents. The purpose of this report is to describe the management of a mandibular symphysis fracture in a 3-year-old boy with displacement between the primary mandibular left central and lateral incisors. The fracture was reduced and the fractured segment was stabilized under general anesthesia with a prefabricated acrylic splint with circum-mandibular wiring. Children have greater osteogenic potential and faster healing rates than adults; therefore, anatomic reduction in children is best accomplished earlier.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):36-40.
• Article: Association of agenesis of mandibular lateral incisors with other dental anomalies in a Japanese population.

  Saori Endo, Sugako Sanpei, Akiko Takakuwa, Keiko Takahashi, Toshiya Endo
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore the association of mandibular incisor agenesis with other dental anomalies in Japanese orthodontic patients. A total of 52 subjects with 1 or 2 congenitally missing permanent mandibular lateral incisors (group A) were selected and divided into group 1a (26 subjects with 1 lateral incisor missing) and group 2a (26 subjects with 2 lateral incisors missing). Fifty two sex-matched subjects without agenesis of the mandibular lateral incisor served as controls (group C). Radiographs, study models, and medical and dental records were used to identify anomalies of teeth. The prevalence rate of agenesis of teeth other than the mandibular lateral incisors and third molars was significantly increased in group A. Agenesis of the maxillary second premolars was significantly increased in groups 2a and A. Significantly increased prevalence rates of symmetrical tooth agenesis, with third molars excluded, and third molar agenesis were observed in group 1a and A. Japanese subjects with agenesis of 1 or 2 permanent mandibular lateral incisors have significantly increased prevalence rates of other permanent tooth agenesis and symmetrical tooth agenesis.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):9-15.
• Article: Large mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the maxilla in a pediatric patient.

  Neeraj Sharma, Vinay V Kumar
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  ABSTRACT: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma generally arises from salivary glands, representing 5 to 10% of all salivary tumors. It is rarely seen in the jaws. The purpose of this paper was to report the case of a large mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in the maxilla of a 15-year-old.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):50-4.
• Article: Retrograde migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt to the neck after dental treatment.

  Ricardo Wathson Feitosa de Carvalho, Carlos Umberto Pereira, Egmond Alves Silva Santos, Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito Vasconcelos
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  ABSTRACT: The ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) is the technique most often employed for the treatment of hydrocephaly, but may present complications after placement. Retrograde migration of the peritoneal catheter to the cervical region is rarely reported. This manuscript to describes a case of migration of the distal portion of the VPS system to the neck after dental treatment in a child and discusses the possible causes for this complication.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2013; 80(1):47-9.
• Article: Multidisciplinary treatment approach in Treacher Collins syndrome.

  Joseph B Hylton, Vladimir Leon-Salazar, Gary C Anderson, Nanci L O De Felippe
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  ABSTRACT: Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a common genetic disorder with high penetrance and phenotypic variability. First and second branchial arches are affected in TCS, resulting in craniofacial and intraoral anomalies such as: severe convex facial profile; mid-face hypoplasia; microtia; eyelid colobomas; mandibular retrognathism; cleft palate; dental hypoplasia; heterotopic teeth; maxillary transverse hypoplasia; anterior open bite; and Angle Class II molar relationship. A high incidence of caries is also a typical finding in TCS patients. Nonetheless, even simple dental restorative procedures can be challenging in this patient population due to other associated medical conditions, such as: congenital heart defects; decreased oropharyngeal airways; hearing loss; and anxiety toward treatment. These patients often require a multidisciplinary treatment approach, including: audiology; speech and language pathology; otorhinolaryngology; general dentistry; orthodontics; oral and maxillofacial surgery; and plastic and reconstructive surgeries to improve facial appearance. This paper's purpose was to present a current understanding of Treacher Collins syndrome etiology, phenotype, and current treatment approaches.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2012; 79(1):15-21.
• Article: Prosthetic rehabilitation of a child with Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome.

  Gisele da Silva Dalben, Lilian Beatriz Fávero Danelon, Cleide Felício de Carvalho Carrara
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper was to report the case of a 6-year-old male patient who was clinically diagnosed as having Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome-a variant of ectodermal dysplasia characterized by dysplastic disorders of the skin, hair, and nails associated with cleft lip and/or palate. The patient exhibited only the primary maxillary and mandibular canines bilaterally. Restorative treatment was performed on all primary canines, followed by aquisition of maxillary and mandibular impressions for fabrication of acrylic removable partial dentures with circumferential clasps on the primary canines. The dentures allowed recovery of the vertical dimension and excellent esthetics. Hypodontia of several teeth associated with ectodermal dysplasia, as in this case involving Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome, causes several functional and esthetic alterations. These disorders should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible to restore the normal function, allow adequate mastication and speech, enhance esthetics, and, consequently, promote the patient's self-esteem and social integration.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2012; 79(2):115-9.
• Article: Glucosyltransferase B, immunoglobulin a, and caries experience among a group of egyptian preschool children.

  Ola Moustafa Omar, Nagwa Mohamed Aly Khattab, Layla Ahmed Rashed
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  ABSTRACT: Glucosyltransferase B enzyme (GtfB) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. It catalyzes the synthesis of water-insoluble glucan from sucrose, which is essential for accumulation of Streptococcus mutans in the dental biofilm. On the other hand, salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays a protective role in the same process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to attempt to correlate glucosyltransferase B enzyme and immunoglobulin A levels in whole saliva with caries experience in preschool children. Forty-five 3- to 6-year-old were examined clinically, and their caries experiences were recorded as decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) scores. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and analyzed for GtfB and IgA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mixed-model analysis revealed that both GtfB and IgA are covariants regarding the effect on dmft scores (P =.008). GtfB levels displayed a simultaneous increase in caries experience (dmft) and number of carious lesions (d), while IgA levels were high in caries-free children and significantly lower values were obtained in the high caries group. Salivary IgA was negatively correlated with caries experience and inversely proportional with GtfB levels in the saliva of preschool children.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2012; 79(2):63-8.
• Article: Infantile malignant osteopetrosis: report of 2 cases with osteomyelitis of the jaws.

  Ahmet Ercan Sekerci, Yildiray Sisman, Elif Tarim Ertas, Halil Sahman, Mustafa Aydinbelge
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  ABSTRACT: Infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disease characterized by dense, brittle, sclerotic, radiopaque bones, which generally results in neurological and hematological abnormalities. In general, IMO is fatal, as patients fail to grow and expire due to complications of the disease such as severe chronic anemia, bleeding, and/or infections. In children with IMO, the development of the dentition is seriously disturbed. Patients with infantile osteopetrosis have a variety of signs and symptoms, including osteomyelitis of the jaws, which frequently and generally resists treatment. Infections may eventually become lethal; hence, jaw infection control is an important aspect of the disease for dentists and oral surgeons to consider. The purpose of this case report was to present 2 rare cases of pediatric patients (one of them died due to respiratory failure at 10 years old) diagnosed with osteopetrosis complicated by osteomyelitis of the jaw.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2012; 79(2):93-9.
• Article: A Community-based Randomized Trial of Postcard Mailings to Increase Dental Utilization Among Low-income Children.

  Asia Dela Cruz, Gregory Mueller, Peter Milgrom, Susan E Coldwell
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  ABSTRACT: Increasing awareness about the importance of preventive dental care among low-income families has been considered to be key to overcoming nonfinancial access to care barriers for children. The purpose of this randomized, controlled trial was to measure the impact of postcard mailings on dental utilization by low-income children through a dental society program designed to increase access to dental care. Five thousand eight hundred and seven low-income 2- to 4-year-olds were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) Group 1 (n=2,014) received postcards containing information on how to enroll in the Yakima County Access to Baby and Child Dentistry program; (2) Group 2 (n=2,014) received the enrollment information as well as additional information on the availability of fluoride varnish and the need to visit the dentist by the age of 1-year-old; and (3) Group 3 (n=1,779) did not receive postcards. Preventive services utilization rates were not different among the groups: 61% for Group 1, 62% for Group 2, and 60% for Group 3, although rates were high for a Medicaid population. Postcard mailings did not significantly increase utilization of preventive dental services. Other strategies to increase utilization of preventive oral health measures are needed.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2012; 79(3):154-8.
• Article: Volumetric analysis of root canal fillings in primary teeth using spiral computed tomography: an in vitro study.

  Sharath Asokan, C Sooriaprakas, V Raghu, R Bairavi
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to volumetrically analyze the efficacy of root canal fillings in primary teeth using spiral computed tomography (CT). Root canals in 30 primary maxillary and mandibular molars were instrumented with K files to size 30, and the volumes of the canals were then measured using spiral CT. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 each, and 18 of the canals in each group were evaluated with spiral CT after obturation with zinc oxide eugenol paste, Metapex and Vitapex. The filled volume in each canal was mea- sured using spiral CT, and the percentage of obturated volume (POV) was calculated. The pre- and post-mean canal volume values within each group and the POV of the 3 groups were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and paired t tests. Filler voids were seen in all groups, but there was a statistically significant difference (P <.001) in the calculated POV. Vitapex showed 95% POV compared to Metapex (88%) and ZOE (84%). Voids were seen in all 3 filling materials. Vitapex showed the maximum percentage of obturated volume among the 3 groups.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2012; 79(2):46-8.
• Article: Behavior and Progression of Early Carious Lesions in Early Childhood: A 1-year Follow-up Study.

  Thaís Manzano Parisotto, Marinês Nobre Dos Santos, Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues, Luciana Scarlazzari Costa
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this 1-year follow-up study was to evaluate the behavior/progression of early carious lesions (active noncavitated carious lesions) by surface and type of tooth in early childhood. A total of 179 3-and 4-year-old preschoolers took part in this study. Clinical examinations were conducted by a calibrated examiner using a mirror, ball-ended probe, gauze for cleaning and drying of teeth, and artificial light. The World Health Organization criteria, with an added measurement of early carious lesions (ECLs), were employed for the caries examinations. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. After a 1-year follow-up, the study population developed 1.60 ± 1.64 new carious lesions. Children with caries activity at baseline showed much higher risks of developing new lesions than caries-free children (odds ratio=17.3 for ECL development, OR=24.5 for cavitations/fillings). Most ECLs remained active/unchanged after 1 year, whereas approximately 36% were arrested. Approximately 10% of the ECLs became cavitated, were filled, or were missing due to caries at follow-up. ECLs turned into cavities or fillings more frequently in the posterior region. This study's findings support the conservative management of ECLs since, after 1 year, the majority of lesions were active/unchanged or were arrested on the smooth surfaces of primary teeth.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2012; 79(3):130-5.
• Article: Association of Erosion with Dietary Factors Among 5-year-old Children In India.

  Sushma Shankar Nayak, B R Ashokkumar, Anil V Ankola, Mamata I Hebbal
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of dental erosion with dietary factors and oral hygiene practices among 5-year-old schoolchildren in Belgaum, Karnataka, India. A random sample of 1,002 5-year-old children was drawn from Belgaum schools. Erosion was assessed using the modified Smith and Knight index. A self-designed questionnaire was used to probe into the details of the children's dietary practices. Frequency of consumption of beverages, canned juices, tamarind, and honey, a mixed diet, and frequency of teeth cleaning were significant predictors of dental erosion. Oral hygiene practices like timing of cleaning teeth and materials used did not show significant association with dental erosion. Certain dietary factors like canned juice, raw mango, gooseberry, tamarind, honey, buttermilk, and beverages showed significant correlation with dental erosion. Dietary counseling must take this into consideration.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2012; 79(3):122-9.
• Article: Esthetic and functional rehabilitation for oligodontia in the mixed dentition: case report.

  Luciane Q Closs, Marcelo Frejman Weissbluth, Eduardo Nakamura, Fabiane Piva Hermann
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  ABSTRACT: Tooth agenesis can be considered the most common anomaly of craniofacial development in humans, with an estimated prevalence reaching up to 20% worldwide. Treatments for tooth agenesis include orthodontic space closure, use of fixed or removable dentures, and placement of dental implants. Some of these options may not be applicable to children in mixed dentition because they can prevent the normal development of facial bones. A multidisciplinary, staged approach considering the number, size, and development of the remaining teeth in the long term would be the most suitable treatment. The purpose of this paper is to describe a 5-year clinical follow-up of a case of oligodontia in a young female patient in mixed dentition.
  Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.) 01/2012; 79(3):193-6.