International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy

Description

  • ISSN
    1577-7057

Publications in this journal

  • Source
    Article: Construcción y validación de las Escalas de Detección de Riesgo de Malos Tratos Domésticos y Comportamientos Autonegligentes (EDMA)
    Carmen Touza, Carmen Prado, Y María, Paz Segura
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    ABSTRACT: AbstrAct Construction and validation of the Detection Scales for the Risk of Domestic Abuse and Self-negligent Behaviour (EDMA). The purpose of this study was to create and validate an instrument for social services professionals to help them detect risk situations involving domestic abuse towards seniors and self-neglecting behaviour. The instrument consists of two scales: the Elder Scale and the Alleged Abuser Scale. Forty-six social service pro-fessionals from 32 municipalities participated in the study, which assessed the status of 278 persons aged 65 and 229 of their family members or close friends. The results show a factor structure for the scales which is consistent with the theoretical base. The scales also obtained very high rates of internal consistency and an adequate stability in their scores over time. As regards evidence of validity, significant differences were found in scores between the group of seniors at risk of abuse and the group who were not at risk and self-neglecting subjects and non-self-neglecting subjects, while correctly predicting and classifying cases. Lastly, significant correlations were obtained with the Indicators of Abuse (IOA) Screen and the cases assessed by this instrument were accurately predicted and classified.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2011; 11:91-106.
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    Article: Coping with Bargains in the Ultimatum Game: The Triple Circuit Hypothesis
    Álvaro Machado, Roberto Luiz, Eduardo Britto, Oda
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    ABSTRACT: AbstrAct This paper aims to present a new hypothesis on cognitive and neurobiological processes involved in the evaluation of offers, based on Ultimatum Game (UG). Recently, different studies have linked serotonin and serotonin-related compounds to rejection rates in this game, through the mediation of intolerance to unfairness, thus leading to the serotonin hypothesis of UG. Despite the great interest of these findings, the current paper shows that the behavior of a responder in the game is much more complex than originally thought, and that are needed at least three cognitive schemas and neurobiological processes to properly cope with that behavior. This paper is designed as a classic scientific hypothesis. First, it defines the epistemological basis of the hypothesis, which is introduced in relation to limitations of the field that are expected to be overcome by this endeavor. Next, it presents evidence for the hypothesis, and finally it makes predictions that can be used to test it. The new hypothesis is named triple-circuit hypothesis; it states that at the cognitive level, the minimum schemas to represent the responder's behavior are: pre-consciousness discrepancy; attributional schema based upon valence activation; and the counterfactual tendency to repress impulsive behaviors. At the neurobiological level, it proposes that the essential circuit relies on: transient decreases in phasic activity of neurons located in the dorsolateral portion of midbrain (error processing); MPFC excitatory firings toward the limbic system (especially the amygdala), mainly through glutamatergic pathways; dopaminergic activity toward the MPFC, generating inhibitory activity, which disinhibits limbic activity. Several evidences in support our hypothesis are presented.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2011; 11:183-199.
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    Article: Relation between Substance Use and Depression among Spanish Adolescents
    José P Espada, Steve Sussman, Tania B Huedo Medina, José P Alfonso
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    ABSTRACT: AbstrAct The aim of this study was to analyze the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis in relation to the existence of depressive symptoms in a school sample of adolescents. The incidental sample (N= 707) was composed by students from 1 st to 4 th year of high school (mean age= 14 years old). Univariate and multivariate predictive models were established by logistic regression analysis. Depressive symptoms were higher among tobacco users (OR= 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.95), alcohol users (OR= 0.94, 95% CI 0.92-0.96) and cannabis users (OR= 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98), without affecting the frequency of consumption. The results suggest the coexistence of factors of substance use and depressive symptoms. High scores in depression are associated with the consumption of tobacco and alcohol but not to cannabis use. For all the evaluated substances, depression is a variable linked to any use but not for the frequency of use. The role of depressive symptoms as a factor related to subs-tance use of and its implications in the development of preventive programs are discussed.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2011; 11:79-90.
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    Article: Emotional differences between women with different types of eating disorders
    Aitziber Pascual, Itziar Etxebarria, María Soledad Cruz
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    ABSTRACT: AbstrAct This study analyzed the emotional differences between women with different types of eating disorders (EDs). We analyzed the following variables: trait-anxiety, difficulty identifying and expressing emotions (alexithymia), negative perception of emotions, negative attitude towards emotional expression, influence of diet, weight and body shape on mood, need for control and coping strategies. The sample comprised 98 women with EDs: 17 with purgative bulimia nervosa (BN), 17 with non purgative BN, 22 with "nonspecific anorexia nervosa (AN)" and 42 with "nonspecific BN". The results revealed statistically significant differen-ces between the different ED groups. Specifically, women suffering from "nonspecific AN" were found to have a more negative emotional profile than those with other types of ED. These results may help improve the way in which different EDs are dealt with and treated.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2011; 11:1-11.
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    Article: Implementation of the Personal and Social Responsibility Model to Improve Self-Efficacy during Physical Education Classes for Primary School Children
    Amparo Escartí, Melchor Gutiérrez, Carmina Pascual, Ramón Llopis
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    ABSTRACT: AbstrAct This study analyzes the application of personal and social responsibility (TPSR) model to primary school physical education classes during an academic year, in order to evaluate its relevance as a method of teaching responsibility and to measure its effects on the pupils' self-efficacy. The participants were 42 students (11 and 12 years old). The intervention group and the comparison group were two intact physical education classes, located in the same area. The teacher in charge of delivering the intervention participated in an in-depth interview. The Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self-Efficacy were administered to each of the participants before and after the program. The results showed that the TPSR model was an effective teaching instrument that helped teachers to structure classes and promoted the learning of responsibility behavior by the students. A significant increase was observed in the self-regulatory efficacy of intervention group participants. The implications of this study are discussed.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2010; 10:387-402.
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    Article: A Cross-cultural Evaluation of Temperament: Japan, USA, Poland and Russia
    Maria A Gartstein, Helena R Slobodskaya, Piotr Olaf Żylicz, Dorota Gosztyła, Atsuko Nakagawa, Sarah Rangel
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    ABSTRACT: Acknowledgements: Authors greatly appreciate the contribution of many individuals assisting with a variety of research activities (instrument translation/validation, recruitment, data collection, etc.); in particular, we are grateful for the help of AbstrAct The present study represents an attempt to investigate early development of temperament across four cultures: Japan, United States of America (U.S), Poland, and Russia, through a cross-sectional design. Selection of these countries presented an opportunity to conduct comparisons between cultures that vary on the individualistic/collectivistic value systems. Parents responded to the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, with U.S. and Polish in-fants received the highest ratings for a number of Positive Affectivity/Surgency dimensions: Smiling and Laughter, High Intensity Pleasure, Perceptual Sensitivity, Approach, and Vocal Reactivity. Japanese and Russian infants were characterized as demonstrating the highest and the second highest levels of fearfulness, respectively, with U.S. and Polish infants receiving relatively lower ratings from their caregivers. Age and gender differences were observed across all four cultures. Significant gender differences emerged for High Intensity Pleasure and Approach, with males receiving higher scores than females. Older infants were perceived by their caregivers as exhibiting higher levels of Distress to Limitations and Fear compared to the younger age group.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2010; 10:55-75.
  • Article: Abordajes neurocognitivos en el estudio de la pobreza infantil: consideraciones conceptuales y metodológicas
    María Julia Hermida, María Soledad Segretin, Sebastián Javier Lipina, Sol Benarós y Jorge Augusto Colombo
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    ABSTRACT: Neurocognitive Approaches in the Study of Child Poverty: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations. Several studies carried out since the second half of the XXth century have demonstrated that poverty significantly influences child cognitive and emotional development. In the last decades, several intervention programs have been implemented to optimize the development of children living in poverty. Some of them had positive effects, and also allowed the identification of effectiveness principles. However, such approaches have not yet been integrated conceptually and methodologically with the intervention efforts proposed by Cognitive Neuroscience. Based on examples of interventions implemented by Developmental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, the present study analyzes some of the main aspects to be considered in such integration. Our work further evaluates several potential contributions from Cognitive Neuroscience to the design and implementation of intervention programs for children living in poverty.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2010; 10(2):205-225.
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    Article: Therapist's theoretical orientation and patients' narrative production: Rogers, Lazarus, Shostrom and Cathy revisited
    Paulo Moreira, Óscar F Gonçalves
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    ABSTRACT: AbstrAct This study aimed to explore the influence of the therapist's theoretical orientation on patient's narrative production. Cathy's therapeutic narratives with Carl Rogers, Arnold Lazarus and Everett Shostrom were analyzed in terms of three narrative dimensions: struc-tural coherence, process complexity and content multiplicity. Results showed statistically significant differences in scores of Cathy's total narrative production depending on the therapist she was interacting with. Process complexity was the only narrative dimension that registered statistically significant differences between the three therapists. Compa-rison between the three therapists showed statistically significant differences between Rogers and Shostrom but neither between Rogers and Lazarus nor between Lazarus and Shostrom. Cathy's highest narrative production scores were obtained with Carl Rogers. Results suggest that the therapist's theoretical orientation influences the patient's narrative production in psychotherapy.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2010; 10:227-244.
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    Article: The Hindi Adaptation and Standardization of the Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI)
    Braj Bhushan, Ruchi Gautam, Esther R Greenglass
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    ABSTRACT: AbstrAct In this paper we present the Hindi adaptation of Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI). All the 55 items were translated into Hindi by independent translators. A consensus version (moderation) of these translations was developed looking at the language and cultural suitability of the words. Thereafter, backward translations of the moderated version were performed to check semantic discrepancies. After measuring item equivalence, we stan-dardized the Hindi version of PCI on a representative sample of senior citizens. Contrary to the proposition of the original scale, a fourteen factor solution emerged out of the factor analysis. The factor structure and reliability coefficients were compared between the original PCI and the Hindi version of PCI.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2010; 10:331-343.
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    Article: Modelo computacional para la formación de clases de equivalencia
    García Andrés, García, José Antonio, Martín Hernández, María Teresa, Gutiérrez Domínguez
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    ABSTRACT: AbstrAct A Computational Model for the Formation of Equivalence Classes. A computational model of neuronal net closely related with the formation of equivalence classes is developed. First the formal pattern of the neuronal net is presented and then its operation and its direct relationship with the phenomenon of the formation of the equivalence classes and with the derived relationships are explained. Later on, the validation of the pattern is described carrying out several simulations allowing verification of the pattern so it is able to generate relationships not explicitly trained, these results being adjusted to the basic results of this investigation line. These simulations were carried out using a training of classic conditioning and a test phase by means of conditional discriminations.
    International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 01/2010; 10:163-176.

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