Journal of Addictive Diseases (J Addict Dis)

Publications in this journal

• Article: Surveillance of Diversion and Nonmedical Use of Extended-Release Prescription Amphetamine and Oral Methylphenidate in the United States.

  Mark A Sembower, Michelle D Ertischek, Chloe Buchholtz, Nabarun Dasgupta, Sidney H Schnoll
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  ABSTRACT: This article examines rates of nonmedical use and diversion of extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate in the United States. Prescription dispensing data were sourced from retail pharmacies. Nonmedical use data were collected from the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS) System Drug Diversion Program and Poison Center Program. Drug diversion trends nearly overlapped for extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate. Calls to poison centers were generally similar; however, calls regarding extended-release amphetamine trended slightly lower than those for extended-release oral methylphenidate. Data suggest similar diversion and poison center call rates for extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):26-38.
• Article: Predictors of Alcohol Dependence Relapse During Recurrence of Major Depression.

  Vito Agosti
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  ABSTRACT: This study sought to determine clinical predictors of alcohol relapse during recurrence of major depression. The total sample included 2,820 adults with a history of alcohol dependence who had a comorbid current episode of major depression. Twenty-six percent had a relapse of alcohol dependence. Relapsers were more likely to be male, single, less educated, and younger than non-relapsers. Early onset alcohol dependence and past year drug use disorder significantly increased the likelihood of relapse. Early onset substance use dependence is a more powerful predictor of alcohol relapse than early onset major depression.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):79-84.
• Article: Substance Abuse Patterns and Psychiatric Symptomatology Among Three Healthcare Provider Groups Evaluated in an Out-Patient Program for Impaired Healthcare Professionals.

  Julio I Rojas, Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter, Michael Brand, Erin Koos
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  ABSTRACT: Three impaired health care provider groups (N = 84) (nurses, pharmacists, and providers with prescriptive authority) referred for a substance abuse evaluation at an outpatient-based program were compared on demographic and family factors, substance abuse patterns, and psychiatric symptomology as assessed by the Personality Assessment Inventory. Nurses had the highest rates of family history of addiction, problems with benzodiazepines, and psychiatric comorbidity. Overall, health care professionals endorsed opioids twice as often as alcohol as a preferred substance. Family history of addiction, sex, and psychiatric comorbidity emerged as salient factors among these health care professionals. Clinical implications are examined in light of the current findings.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):99-107.
• Article: Substance Use and Mental Health Characteristics Associated with Cognitive Functioning Among Adults Who Use Methamphetamine.

  Diane M Herbeck, Mary-Lynn Brecht
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  ABSTRACT: This study describes cognitive functioning and its relation to psychiatric and substance use severity among adults with long duration methamphetamine use. Study participants (N = 405) completed a battery of tests from the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics that examined cognitive accuracy, processing speed, and efficiency. Multivariate analyses indicate that lower accuracy but faster speed on learning, spatial memory and delayed memory were correlated with more days of past-month methamphetamine use. Lifetime months of methamphetamine use was not related to cognitive functioning. Poorer cognitive efficiency was related to other problems, including crack/cocaine use, symptoms of depression, and poorer emotional state.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):11-25.
• Article: Symptoms of Depression and Smoking Behaviors Following Treatment with Transdermal Nicotine Patch.

  Robert A Schnoll, Frank T Leone, Brian Hitsman
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  ABSTRACT: Subscales from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), assessed prior to treatment, were examined as predictors of withdrawal, craving, and affect during the first week of abstinence, as well as smoking abstinence during the first week of abstinence and at the end of treatment. The negative affect and somatic features CESD subscales were related to higher levels of nicotine withdrawal. The relationship between the interpersonal disturbance CESD subscale and nicotine withdrawal approached significance. This study suggests the need to examine novel psychological mechanisms that may account for the relationship between depression symptoms and smoking cessation.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):46-52.
• Article: Nonmedical Use of Prescription ADHD Stimulants and Preexisting Patterns of Drug Abuse.

  Christine T Sweeney, Mark A Sembower, Michelle D Ertischek, Saul Shiffman, Sidney H Schnoll
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  ABSTRACT: Multidrug use is well documented among nonmedical users of prescription stimulants. We sought to provide insight into the drug use patterns of those reporting nonmedical use of prescription attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) stimulants in an attempt to discern whether such use is a first step in a pattern of drug-abusing behavior or, conversely, is a later development accompanied or preceded by a history of drug abuse. A cross-sectional, population-based survey of the U.S. civilian, non-institutionalized population aged 12 years and older was analyzed for lifetime nonmedical use of prescription ADHD stimulants, lifetime nonmedical use of another prescription drug, illicit drug use, and drug use initiation patterns. This included 443,041 respondents from the 2002-2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Lifetime nonmedical use of prescription ADHD stimulants was reported by 3.4% of those aged 12 years and older. Of these, 95.3% also reported use of an illicit drug (i.e., marijuana, cocaine/crack, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants) or nonmedical use of another prescription drug (i.e., tranquilizers, pain relievers, or sedatives), and such use preceded nonmedical use of prescription ADHD stimulants in 77.6% of cases. On average, 2.40 drugs were used prior to the first nonmedical use of prescription ADHD stimulants. These data suggest that nonmedical use of prescription ADHD stimulants is not commonly an initiating factor leading to the nonmedical use of other prescription medications or abuse of illicit drugs. Rather, nonmedical use of prescription ADHD stimulants appears to be adopted by individuals already engaged in broader patterns of drug abuse and misuse.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):1-10.
• Article: Stimulant Use Among African American and Latino MSM Social Networking Users.

  Sean D Young, Steve Shoptaw
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  ABSTRACT: High stimulant-using and at-risk HIV populations, such as African American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM), are increasingly using social networking technologies. However, no known research has explored associations between stimulant use, sexual risk behaviors, and social networking among these populations. Participants were recruited using the Facebook Connect software application, which narrowed the sample to 118 (primarily African American and Latino MSM) active Facebook users. Participants completed demographic, Internet and social media use, and drug use survey items. Participants reported high rates of cocaine and methamphetamine use (both more than 15% within the past 12 months). More than 70% of participants reported using social networking technologies to meet people, and more than 30% used them to find sexual partners. A multivariate logistic regression showed that (1) participants using social networks to find sexual partners were more likely to have used methamphetamines within the past 12 months and (2) those who were more comfortable talking online compared to face-to-face had over 4 times the odds of methamphetamine use and over 6 times the odds of cocaine use within the past 12 months. Minority MSM who used social networks to meet men and find sexual partners had high risk for stimulant use. Understanding drug use among minority social networking users will provide insights to incorporate these technologies into drug prevention interventions.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):39-45.
• Article: Memorial: William Vilensky, DO.

  Margot L Waitz
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):116-117.
• Article: Suboxone Misuse Along the Opiate Maintenance Treatment Pathway.

  R Terry Furst
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  ABSTRACT: This study explores strategies that Suboxone misusers utilize while in drug treatment. Ethnographic interviews were conducted with 14 patients who had cycled in and out of Suboxone treatment. The objective of the study is to identify strategies implemented by patients who intermittently use opiates/opioids while in Suboxone treatment. Findings indicate that some patients serially stop and start treatment in a Harm Reduction setting in New York City. Many patients suggest that they manage their opiate/opioid dependency through a sequential use of Suboxone and heroin to avoid withdrawal and to continue their misuse of opiates/opioids. Results are discussed in conjunction with the difficulties inherent to substance abuse treatment and suggestions for improvement are offered.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):53-67.
• Article: Civil Commitment for Substance Use Disorder Patients Under the Florida Marchman Act: Demographics and Outcomes in the Private Clinical Setting.

  Timothy J Sweeney, Michael P Strolla, David P Myers
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  ABSTRACT: The Florida Marchman Act, a statutory process for civil commitment of persons with substance use disorders. The paper describes the various methods by which the Act may be employed, and examines the demographics and outcomes of 100 patients admitted to a private treatment setting pursuant to Marchman Act authority.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):108-115.
• Article: Work-Family Conflict and Alcohol Use: Examination of a moderated mediation model.

  Jennifer M Wolff, Kathleen M Rospenda, Judith A Richman, Li Liu, Lauren A Milner
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  ABSTRACT: Research consistently documents the negative effects of work-family conflict; however, little research focuses on alcohol use. This study embraces a tension reduction theory of drinking, wherein alcohol use is thought to reduce the negative effects of stress. The purpose of the study was to test a moderated mediation model of the relationship between work-family conflict and alcohol use in a Chicagoland community sample of 998 caregivers. Structural equation models showed that distress mediated the relationship between work-family conflict and alcohol use. Furthermore, tension reduction expectancies of alcohol exacerbated the relationship between distress and alcohol use. The results advance the study of work-family conflict and alcohol use, helping explain this complicated relationship using sophisticated statistical techniques. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 01/2013; 32(1):85-98.
• Article: Nonmedical use of prescription opioids among adolescents: subtypes based on motivation for use.

  Amy Young, Sean Esteban McCabe, James A Cranford, Paula Ross-Durow, Carol J Boyd
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to advance our understanding of nonmedical use of prescription medications by identifying the distinguishing characteristics of 2 subtypes of adolescent nonmedical users of prescription opioids that have been previously described. A Web-based, self-administered survey was completed by 2,597 7th-12th grade students. Sensation-seeking nonmedical users were best characterized by rule breaking and aggressive behaviors and possible substance dependence. Medical users and nonmedical self-treating users were best characterized by somatic complaints, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and history of sexual victimization.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 10/2012; 31(4):332-41.
• Article: Alcohol use and treatment among former soviet union immigrants in Israel: review of publications july 2009-december 2011.

  Shoshana Weiss
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  ABSTRACT: This article examines the current state of alcohol use among immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel, as an update to the 2 previous publications that reviewed studies published in the professional literature (mainly in Hebrew) and referred to earlier periods (from the early 1990s until 2006 and from 2007 through June 2009). This article reviews studies published primarily in Hebrew from mid-2009 throughout December 2011 and describes alcohol use patterns and treatment among FSU immigrants. As the third in the sequence of reviews aimed at English readers, it confirms the findings of the previous 2 reviews. Alcohol use among FSU immigrants continues to be more prevalent than among Israeli-born residents, and FSU immigrants continue to be overrepresented in treatment programs. Moreover, the review describes a severe worsening in alcohol use among FSU detached youth and no differences in alcohol use among early and recent immigrants between the ages of 18 and 40 years.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 10/2012; 31(4):397-406.
• Article: Response to Comments by Hendrée Jones et al.

  Robert G Newman, Susan G Gevertz
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 10/2012; 31(4):327-8.
• Article: The effect of cigarette smoking history on muscular and cardiorespiratory endurance.

  Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic, Daniel Bok, Maroje Soric, Dražen Dizdar, Zijad Durakovic, Igor Jukic
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking history on physical fitness in younger adults. Small, insignificant differences in BMI between non-smokers and smokers were shown regardless of cigarette smoking history duration. Although the differences in muscular endurance increased in the samples with progressing cigarette smoking history duration, a highly significant difference in aerobic endurance was observed between the group of non-smokers and smokers with a history of smoking up to 5 years and persisted at the same level in smokers with a history of smoking for longer than 10 years.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 10/2012; 31(4):389-96.
• Article: Troublesome triad: trauma, insomnia, and alcohol.

  R Gregory Lande
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  ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between combat related trauma, insomnia, and alcohol misuse. The author reviewed the standardized tests results from 39 active duty service members, all of whom had recent deployments to either Iraq or Afghanistan. The battery of self-test instruments assessed the effects of military trauma, anxiety, depression, alcohol use, and insomnia. Among the study subjects, the entire group reported significant sleep problems, with bedtime arousals impeding sleep initiation. Male subjects' reported an average AUDIT score of 8.62. Service members with higher trauma scores also reported greater misuse of alcohol. The high trauma scores also correlated with specific pre-sleep cognitive and somatic factors. The findings of this study lend support for the use of standardized instruments for assessing sleep problems, along with similar tests for trauma and substance misuse, which together should help identify high risk military patients.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 10/2012; 31(4):376-81.
• Article: False-Positive Buprenorphine EIA Urine Toxicology Results Due To High Dose Morphine: A Case Report.

  Peter L Tenore
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  ABSTRACT: In monitoring a patient with chronic pain who was taking high-dose morphine and oxycodone with weekly urine enzymatic immunoassay (EIA) toxicology testing, the authors noted consistent positives for buprenorphine. The patient was not taking buprenorphine, and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GCMS) testing on multiple samples revealed no buprenorphine, indicating a case of false-positive buprenorphine EIAs in a high-dose opiate case. The authors discontinued oxycodone for a period of time and then discontinued morphine. Urine monitoring with EIAs and GCMS revealed false-positive buprenorphine EIAs, which remained only when the patient was taking morphine. When taking only oxycodone and no morphine, urine samples became buprenorphine negative. When morphine was reintroduced, false-positive buprenorphine results resumed. Medical practitioners should be aware that high-dose morphine (with morphine urine levels turning positive within the15,000 to 28,000 mg/mL range) may produce false-positive buprenorphine EIAs with standard urine EIA toxicology testing.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 10/2012; 31(4):329-31.
• Article: Symptom dimensions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

  Katherine J Ameringer, Adam M Leventhal
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  ABSTRACT: Research suggests that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and nicotine withdrawal symptoms are related; however, it is unknown how this relationship extends across ADHD symptom gradations, differs between inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptom types, and generalizes to a national sample. This study examined cross-sectional associations between childhood ADHD symptom indexes (total, inattention, and hyperactivity-impulsivity) and lifetime DSM-IV nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Results showed that each ADHD symptom index associated with almost every withdrawal symptom (Ps < .01). After controlling for hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptom overlap, inattention (but not hyperactivity-impulsivity) retained incremental associations with most withdrawal symptoms. These findings are relevant for understanding mechanisms of ADHD and smoking comorbidity.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 10/2012; 31(4):363-75.
• Article: Clinical supervisor and counselor perceptions of clinical supervision in addiction treatment.

  Tanja C Laschober, Lillian T de Tormes Eby, Julia B Sauer
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  ABSTRACT: Little is empirically known about clinical supervision in addiction treatment. This study describes multiple domains of clinical supervision in addiction treatment from the perspectives of clinical supervisors and their counselors. Survey data were obtained from 484 matched clinical supervisor-counselor dyads working in diverse addiction treatment programs across the United States. Supervisors report wide-ranging experiences and training in supervision. Counselors generally perceive their supervisors' job performance as effective. Supervisors and their counselors largely differ in their perceptions of supervision practices, with supervisors reporting greater supervision given and their counselors reporting less supervision received. The implications are discussed.
  Journal of Addictive Diseases 10/2012; 31(4):382-8.