Sportverletzung · Sportschaden

Publications in this journal

• Article: [Validity of a Complex Soccer-Specific Field Test and a Non-Specific Sprint Test-Assessments for Test and Match Performance.]

  R Schwesig, M Hartmann, S Leuchte, D Fischer, O Kuß
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  ABSTRACT: Background: Soccer assessments often lack specificity and complexity. Examinations of validity for soccer assessments, based on the relation between test and match performance, are available although they are scarce. A complex soccer-specific field test which is validated cannot be found in the literature at all.Objective: The aim of this follow-up study was to assess the validity of a soccer-specific complexity test (FBKT) and a repeated non-specific sprint test (ST) based on three gold standards: match performance, coach ranking, and league affiliation.Materials and Methods: A German fourth league soccer team (n = 14) was assessed using FBKT and ST in the pre-season for the second half of the 2010/2011 season. Afterwards, their performance in 17 matches was evaluated using video analysis in order to compare them with the test parameters (e. g., pass/assist ratio, goals, duelling behaviour). Eighteen months later, the league affiliation of all players was identified and the coach evaluated the tested players.Results: With regard to match performance, playing time was proved to be the most suitable parameter for validating the test performance (FBKT, ST). The total and minimum times of ST were the most powerful parameters in relation to playing time and explained 50 % and 46 % of the variance, respectively. Concerning the FBKT, the parameters "sum of all linear sprints" (24 %) and "total time of all activity series with penalty time in round two" (22 %) explained the highest amount of variance. Coach ranking generated significant odds ratios for the minimum time of ST (OR = 6.5; CI: 3.2 - 5.2 × 1015; p = 0.037), and total time of speed dribbling of the FBKT (OR = 1.3; CI: 1.2 - 199.5; p = 0.036) based on a proportional-odds model. With regard to league affiliation, significant odds ratios occurred with the following parameters: minimum time of ST (OR = 15.8; CI: 2.16 - 115.4; p = 0.007); total time of ST (OR = 3.28; CI: 1.31 - 8.21; p = 0.011); and, total time of speed dribbling for the FBKT (OR = 1.3; CI: 1.01 - 1.61; p = 0.044).Conclusions: This study showed that the larger logical validity of soccer-specific complex tests does not necessarily translate to a larger construct validity, as compared to non-specific tests. However, their value is not limited to performance evaluation. The FBKT provides valuable information concerning training process control. It is possible that its low validity is caused by the poor performance of the players in soccer-specific consequences of actions (centres, goals) due to the restricted differentiation of players.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 04/2013;
• Article: [The Initial Position of the Contralateral Leg Affects the Muscular Power Capability of Testing and Training on a Leg Press.]

  T Petruck, K Karanikas
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  ABSTRACT: There are numerous studies on the factors influencing the maximum isometric force. These include, among others, the activity of the contralateral extremities in unilateral measurements. With reference to this parameter, there is still disagreement. Some studies suggest that activation of the contralateral antagonist leads to an increase in force production of the tested limb. In contrast, other research groups came to the conclusion that simultaneous contraction of the contralateral agonists have this effect. The aim of this study was to find out how certain starting positions and contraction directions of the non-tested limb affect the force capability of the contralateral limb during unilateral maximum isometric force measurements on a leg press. In the course of the investigation, the unilateral isometric maximum force capacity of the lower limbs of 20 subjects in four different starting positions and forms of activation of the contralateral limb was tested. The non-tested leg was first loosely placed on the floor (starting position A), then it was held on the body in maximum knee and hip flexion (test situation G) and after that it had to perform maximal contraction exercises in extension (KE) and flexion (KF) each against a stabilisation bar. The results showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower force levels during the contralateral contraction KF compared to all other test situations. In the starting position A, the subjects reached the highest values. Compared to G and KF these differences in maximum force development were significant (p < 0.05). Both the initial position, and the activity of the contralateral limb has an impact on the maximum isometric extension strength of the tested leg at the leg press. Therefore, during the repeated execution of an isometric strength test on this apparatus, it should be taken care that the subject occupies the same starting position as the previous test. A voluntary activation of the contralateral side should be avoided during the measurement, or in the same way.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 04/2013;
• Article: [Penetrating Gluteal Injury due to Sledging Accident.]

  V K Stauffer, M M Luedi, D Doll
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  ABSTRACT: We present the case of a rare penetrating sledging injury. A 39-year-old male sitting upright had his sledge burst when sliding into a pit. A stick fractured from the sledge's sitting plate and perforated from the infragluteal fold up to the lumbosacral junction. The man arrived in a conscious and cardiovascular stable condition in the ER, where no clinical evidence of vascular, retroperitoneal and pelvic injury was obvious. The anal external sphincter was uninjured and competent although the perforation enabled a look onto its surface. The foreign body was removed without further bleeding. Sledging injuries typically carry blunt characteristics, mainly with neurotrauma or fracture dislocations. As penetrating sledging injuries are exceptionally rare, strategies are discussed.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 03/2013;
• Article: [Muscle Atrophy Caused by Limited Mobilisation.]

  K Keller, M Engelhardt
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  ABSTRACT: Background: Immobilisation and limited mobilisation are associated with negative adaptations of human body, like elevated risk for thrombosis, reduced fitness level and muscle atrophy. The objective of the presented study was to investigate the effect of limited, reduced mobility of a few days on the upper leg muscles.Patients and Methods: 32 patients who underwent an elective arthroscopic surgery of the knee because of meniscus tear and/or cartilage damage were examined preoperatively and at days 4 and 7 after surgery. Examinations of the not injured and not treated leg focused on measurements of leg circumference and maximum strength of M. quadriceps femoris.Results: The measurements of circumferences of the upper leg at 20 cm above the knee joint line decreased significantly between preoperative and both postoperative examinations. Also the changing of circumference of the upper leg at 10 cm above the joint line between preoperative and day 4 postoperative was significant. The circumference of lower leg and strength measurements showed no significant changing.Conclusions: Limited, reduced mobility lasting a few days is followed by reduction of muscle cross section of load bearing upper leg muscles.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 03/2013;
• Article: [Technical aspects in the provision of orthopedic shoes for athletes].

  M Walther, C Volkering, A Röser
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  ABSTRACT: From the technical point of view different groups must be distinguished in the provision of orthopedic shoes for athletes. The one group encompasses athletes who are provided with insoles in the hope of improved comfort or better performance. The other group includes athletes with diseases or injuries of the lower limbs for whom the provision of appropriate shoes and insoles makes it possible for them to participate again actively in their chosen sport. In such cases one has to differentiate between the purely physical disorder of the foot and biomechanical disorders. For the first group the correct fitting of the shoe is the most important factor whereas in the second group attempts are made to correct and/or compensate for the deficit by means of insoles and wedges as well as supporting or bedding elements. The particular challenge for all such measures is to achieve an as small as possible impairment on the sport activity or, in the ideal cases, even to support it.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 03/2013; 27(1):49-56.
• Article: [Injuries in Male and Female Adolescent Soccer Players.]

  A S Schneider, H M Mayer, U Geißler, M C Rumpf, C Schneider
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  ABSTRACT: This study addresses the epidemiology of injuries in adolescent male and female soccer players in Germany. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyse the injuries in male and female youth soccer players in Germany. This study was designed as a cross-sectional web-based survey. From March until December 2011 we investigated 1110 soccer players (male n = 841; female n = 269) aged 12 - 19 years (15.0 ± 2.0 years) from 60 clubs in Southern Germany. A total of 664 (79 %) of the 841 boys and 67 (25 %) of the 269 girls reported being injured due to soccer. The total number of injuries was 2373. Respectively the frequency of injury was 2.85 in boys and 7.10 in girls. The lower extremities were affected in 70 % of all reported cases. Strains were the most common injuries in the lower and upper extremities (35 %). The boys reported in 51.5 % of all injuries that the injury was non-contact in nature. In contrast, 52.1 % of the injuries in girls were reported as contact injuries. Similar amounts of injuries were observed in training versus games for both genders. Prevention procedures, such as a thorough warm-up, should be implemented before every game and training to reduce the risk of injury.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 02/2013;
• Article: [Development and Evaluation of a German Version of the Tegner Activity Scale for Measuring Outcome after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.]

  B Wirth, N Meier, P P Koch, J Swanenburg
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  ABSTRACT: Background: The aim of this study is to provide a valid and reliable German version of the Tegner activity scale (Tegner-G). The Tegner activity scale assesses on 11 levels the activity in sports (competitive and recreational) and work of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The English original version was elaborated in Sweden and contains sports that are unknown in German-speaking countries.Methods: The translation and adaptation was conducted in several steps according to the guidelines in the literature. The validity (discriminative validity and content validity) and (absolute and relative) reliability were determined in 46 patients after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament and in 20 healthy subjects. The patients were divided into an acute group (< 3 months after operation; 11 men; 30.9 ± 8.3 years) and a chronic group (3 - 12 months after operation; 18 men; 31.3 ± 11.6 years). All subjects filled in the scale two times within 3 - 7 days. For the additional determination of the relation between activity and function, they also filled in the German version of the Lysholm score (Lysholm-G).Results: The three groups differed significantly from each other (Kruskal-Wallis test: χ2 = 27.95, p < 0.001; post hoc Mann-Whitney U tests: acute-chronic p < 0.001; acute-control p < 0.001; chronic-control p = 0.003). There was a floor effect in the acute patient group. The intraclass correlation coefficients indicated a high relative reliability (ICC2,1 > 0.9). The minimal detectable change was 1.4 points. The relation between activity (Tegner-G) and function (Lysholm-G) was stronger in the acute than in the chronic patient group (ρ = 0.77 and ρ = 0.60, respectively). Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the Tegner-G are comparable to those of the English original version. The Tegner-G is thus valid and reliable for the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The application in other German-speaking countries probably requires adaptations for some of the sports included. The relation between activity and function changes depending on time since operation. This confirms that a comprehensive assessment of the outcome after an anterior cruciate ligament injury requires the separate assessment of both parameters.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 02/2013;
• Article: [Prevalence and Distribution of Knee Cartilage Lesions in Sportspersons and Non-Sportspersons: Results of a Retrospective Arthroscopic Study.]

  G Spahn, J Wolf, G O Hofmann, R Schiele
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  ABSTRACT: Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between sports activity and frequency and grad of non-traumatic knee cartilage lesions.Methods: A total of 868 patients (469 male and 399 female) who were suffering from knee pain (> 3 months) had undergone knee arthroscopy. The mean duration of history was 11.4 ± 11.5 (3 - 48) months. Criteria for exclusion were major knee injuries (e. g., ACL injuries). All cartilage lesions were classified according to the ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) guidelines and summarised with the semiquantitative WOAKS (Whole Organ Arthroscopic Knee Score). Results: There was a significant correlation between cartilage degeneration and age. Older female patients (63 to 85 years) demonstrated higher knee degenerations than male patients. The grade cartilage degeneration was higher in non-sportspersons (WOAKS = 13.5 ± 13.8) than in sportspersons (WOAKS = 7.1 ± 5.3), p < 0.001. Only in younger patients (17 to 34 years) was there no difference in the frequency of cartilage lesions in correlation to sports activity. A high-pivoting sport was significantly more frequently associated with cartilage degeneration in comparison to low-pivoting sports. Cartilage lesions most frequently occur within the mean bearing zones of the medial knee compartment. With regard to sports activity, no differences were observed in the distribution of cartilage lesions. Conclusions: Sportspersons who suffer from knee pain without injury have significantly less cartilage lesions or, respectively, severe cartilage defects. Cartilage lesions mostly occur within the medial knee compartment without correlation to sports activity and sport type. Patients who are performing "high-pivoting" sports more frequently are suffering from severe cartilage lesions than "low-pivoting" sportspersons. For a final epidemiological estimation of any correlations between sports and cartilage damage, longitudinal MRI studies are needed.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 02/2013;
• Article: [Ankle Arthrometry for Evaluation of the Mechanical Component in Chronic Ankle Instability.]

  H Lohrer, T Nauck, D Gehring, A Gollhofer
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  ABSTRACT: Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a term that is not well defined until now in spite of a large body of respective literature. Most frequently this umbrella term is used synonymously for functional ankle instability and the role of the mechanical component is not fully understood.Patients/Material and Methods: In a cohort consisting of 15 patients suffering from CAI we preoperatively investigated the mechanical component using both stress radiographs and ankle arthrometry. The functional impact was measured with the FAAM-G (foot and ankle ability measure, German version). The results were compared with a respective group of 17 uninjured subjects.Results: Relevant differences were found between the patients and the uninjured groups in the mechanical (stiffness in the 40 - 60 N region of the load deformation curves and the ratio between stiffness in the 125 - 175 N and 40 - 60 N region) and functional analyses (FAAM-G), respectively (p < 0.001 - 0.040). There was no difference found between groups in the upper (125 - 175 N) region of the load deformation curves. Conclusions: This article helps to clarify the role of the mechanical component in CAI. Patients suffering from both functional and mechanical ankle instability can be detected with the FAAM-G questionnaire and with different ankle stiffness parameters from ankle arthrometer stress testing. These measures differentiate CAI patients from uninjured persons with functionally and mechanically stable ankles. Therefore, these instruments can be recommended to diagnose and quantify the mechanical component in CAI.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 02/2013;
• Article: [Causes and Factors Associated with Collisions on Ski Slopes.]

  G Ruedl, M Kopp, M Burtscher, R Bauer, K Benedetto
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  ABSTRACT: Background: Annually, in Austria more than 10 million people participate in winter sport activities such as alpine skiing, snowboarding, cross country skiing and ski touring. About 80 - 90 % of all accidents are caused by a fall without other people involved and about 10 % are caused by collisions between people.Methods: In the winter season 2011/2012, skiers and snowboarders injured due to a fall or a collision on a ski slope have been interviewed about potential intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in the Austrian province Vorarlberg.Results: In total, 1741 people injured by a self-inflicted fall and 137 people injured due to a collision have been interviewed. People injured due to a collision showed more often a head injury (15 vs. 8 %) and more often a concussion (15 vs. 6 %). Furthermore, people injured due to a collision were significantly older (41 vs. 33 years) and showed a higher proportion of skiers (86 vs. 79 %) as well as of higher skilled people (83 vs. 74 %) compared to those injured by a self-inflicted fall. Collisions between sport participants incurred significantly more often on slope intersections (11 vs. 4 %), when more people were on ski slopes (30 vs. 12 %) and when the sun was shining (85 vs. 69 %). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, preventive recommendations to reduce the risk of a collision include an adaptation of the individual skiing or snowboarding behaviour and the actual speed on skill level, weather conditions and number of other skiers and snowboarders on ski slopes. In addition, influences of adaptive visual information and supervision systems at slope intersections and in relation to weather and traffic conditions should be evaluated.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 02/2013;
• Article: Effect of Instability Training Equipment on Lower Limb Kinematics and Muscle Activity.

  J Pfusterschmied, S Lindinger, M Buchecker, T Stöggl, H Wagner, E Müller
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  ABSTRACT: To improve the effectiveness of training or therapy, it is important to know the benefits for each type of instability training equipment. The aim of this study was to show differences in lower limb kinematics and muscle activation during single leg standing on a slackline (SL) compared to a multi-functional rocker board (MD) and an air cushion (AC). In 14 subjects, mean angular velocity of the hip, knee and ankle, as well as the muscle activity (iEMG) from six lower limb muscles were recorded during 12 s of single leg standing task. Ankle in-/eversion and knee ab-/adduction angular velocity were highest for SL followed by MD and AC (all p < 0.05), as well as in the hip flex-/extension angular velocity with higher values for SL compared with AC (p < 0.01). Regarding iEMG, the rectus femoris muscle showed higher values for SL compared with MD (p < 0.05) and AC (p < 0.01). iEMG of biceps femoris muscle demonstrated higher values for MD compared to AC (p < 0.05), but with no difference to SL. Balancing on a SL is a more challenging exercise for the postural control system compared to MD and AC, and affects the knee and hip joint motion in particular.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 02/2013;
• Article: [In Process Citation].

  L Spieser, R Clijsen, A M L Rucker, J Cabri, P Clarys
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  ABSTRACT: Objective: To establish the anthropometrical characteristics and the hand grip strength of the Swiss junior and elite judo national team. The measured values were compared with data from the literature. Methods: 24 members, 19 males (23.01 ± 4.91 years) and five females (19.95 ± 2.02 years), were measured. The following anthropometric measurements were made: body size, body weight, six skinfolds (SFT), two breadths, two circumferences, body fat (tanita scale, Durnin and Womersley method), BMI and determination of somatotypes. In addition, the hand grip strength was measured. The anthropometric measurements were carried out in accordance with ISAK guidelines. The literature search was done electronically using PubMed. Results: The mean somatotype of male judoka was 2,2 ± 0,8 for the endomorphy, 6,0 ± 0,9 for the mesomorphy and 2,0 ± 0,7 for the ectomorphy. The mean somatotype was balanced mesomorph. The mean hand grip strength of male judoka was 47,4 ± 6,7 kg. The mean somatotype of female judoka was 3.7 ± 1.2 for the endomorphy, 4,9 ± 0,7 for the mesomorphy and 1,5 ± 0,3 for the ectomorphy. The mean somatotype was mesomorphic endomorph. The mean hand grip strength of the female judoka was 27,0 ± 3,1 kg. There were anthropometric differences between the Swiss juniors and elite judoka and between the Swiss athletes and the athletes of the reference studies. Conclusion: The anthropometric data and the results of the hand grip strength give information, which components Swiss judoka should improve. A judoka who does not match the ideal profile can still be successful with the help of other factors (technical, tactical, mental strength).
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 12/2012; 26(4):199-203.
• Article: [Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Patients Suffering from Recalcitrant Osgood-Schlatter Disease.]

  H Lohrer, T Nauck, J Schöll, J Zwerver, N Malliaropoulos
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  ABSTRACT: Background: Intensive physical load can damage epi-/apophyseal growth. Osgood-Schlatter disease is a well-known and sport-associated overuse injury of the tibial tuberosity apophysis. Long-lasting load-associated pain and a reduced ability to play sports can be the consequence.Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to analyse the safety and effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for recalcitrant Osgood-Schlatter disease.Patients and Methods: 14 adolescent patients, median age 14 (13.2-14.7) years, suffering from recalcitrant Osgood-Schlatter disease (16 symptomatic knees) were treated with radial extracorporeal shock waves. The nine boys, median age 14 (13.5-15.0) years and the five girls, median age 12 (10.8-15.2) were retrospectively followed up 5.6 (3.4 - 6.7) years later using the disease specific VISA-P-G questionnaire which is validated for jumper's knee.Results: At follow up the median VISA-P-G score was 100 (82.9-100.9). Twelve of 16 knees (75 %) reached 100 out of 100 VISA-P-G points. Four patients changed their sports activity due to persisting problems at the distal patellar tendon insertion. Four knees had persisting tibial tuberosity pain when playing sport. Pain induced by activities of daily living (stair climbing) was stated in two cases. No side effects or long-term complications were reported.Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates that radial ESWT is a safe and promising treatment for adolescent athletes with recalcitrant Osgood-Schlatter disease.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 10/2012;
• Article: [Frequency, Nature and Distribution of School Sport Injuries at Different Types of Schools.]

  K Greier, H Riechelmann
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  ABSTRACT: Background: A high percentage of all sports injuries occur during school sports. It was analysed whether there are differences in frequency, nature and distribution of school sport injuries at two different types of schools. Methodology: School sport injuries of all secondary modern schools (n = 106) and in lower classes of grammar Schools (n = 17) in the federal state of Tyrol, Austria, from the ten school years 2001/02 to 2010/11 were analysed. All physical injuries occurring during school sports and resulting in the consultation of a medical doctor and therefore being reported to the general accident department (Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt [AUVA]) were assessed. Results: During the evaluation period an average number of 32,935 (± 1584) school children attended the two types of schools in Tyrol per year. The average incidence of school sports injuries in this ten-year period in both types of schools was 36.4/1,000 (mean) with a standard deviation of 4.4/1,000 per school child per year. The incidence increased from 30.3 in the school year 2001/02 to 40.4 in the school year 2010/11 (r = 0.91; b = 1.34; p < 0.0001). The incidence of school sport injuries at secondary modern schools (37.4 ± 4.9 per 1,000 school children per year) was higher than at the lower classes of grammar schools (32.9 ± 4.0 per 1,000 school children per year; relative risk 1.138; 95 % CI = 1.09 - 1.19; p = 1.8 × 10-8). In addition, the sports injuries of the school year 2010/11 were analysed in detail and a comparison was made between the two types of schools. The distribution pattern of school sports injuries did not show any significant differences between both school types. At the secondary modern schools, as well as in the lower classes of grammar schools, injuries to the upper extremities prevailed (> 50 %). Ball sports were responsible for every second injury. Secondary modern school pupils had a significantly higher risk of suffering a school sports injury than pupils in the lower classes of grammar schools. The injury pattern did not show differences between the two types of schools. Conclusion: The consistently higher frequency of injuries at secondary modern schools compared to the lower classes of grammar schools indicates the need for school type-specific accident research and prevention efforts.
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 10/2012;
• Article: [In Process Citation].

  Britta Brudermanns
  Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 09/2012; 26(3):130-2.