Journal of Soils and Sediments (J SOIL SEDIMENT)

Publications in this journal

• Article: The dioRAMA project: assessment of dioxin-like activity in sediments and fish (Rutilus rutilus) in support of the ecotoxicological characterization of sediments

  Kathrin Eichbaum, Markus Brinkmann, Sebastian Buchinger, Markus Hecker, Magnus Engwall, Bert Bavel, Georg Reifferscheid, Henner Hollert
  Journal of Soils and Sediments 01/2013;
• Article: 1. Elkhatib, E.A., A.M Mahdy, and M.N. AlManea.2013.Drinking Water Treatment Residuals Effects on Nickel Retention in Soils: A Macroscopic and Thermodynamic Study. J. Soils and Sediments.13:94-105.

  Elkhatib, A.M Mahdy, ALMANEA M N
  Journal of Soils and Sediments 01/2013;
• Article: Numerical approach to modelling pulse-mode soil flushing on a Pb-contaminated soil

  Luciano A, Viotti P, Torretta V, Mancini G
  Journal of Soils and Sediments 07/2012; 13(1):45-55.
• Article: Application of chemometrics to spectroscopic data for indicating humification degree and assessing salinization processes of soils

  Huibin Yu, Yonghui Song, Beidou Xi, Xinghui Xia, Xiaosong He, Xiang Tu
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  ABSTRACT: PurposeChemometric methods were used to analyze chemical/spectroscopic data of fulvic acid (FA) isolated from soils in Hetao Irrigation District of China and to indicate humification degree of soil organic matter and assess soil salinization processes. Materials and methodsComposite soil samples of different depths were collected from native halophyte soils and furrow-irrigated fields along a saline impact gradient, namely, Comm. Salicornia europaea (CSE), Comm. Suaeda glauca (CSG), Comm. Kalidium cuspidatum (CKC), Comm. Sophora alopecuroides (CSA), corn fields (CFDs), and wheat fields (WFDs). Results and discussionHumification indices (HIXs) deduced from elemental composition and fluorescence spectroscopy were better in assessing humification degree of FA than those from UV-visible spectroscopy. Soil samples were clustered into five groups, indicating that the humification degree of FA isolated from the CSE soil was the lowest, followed by CSG and CKC, CSA, CFD, and WFD. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) closely exhibited linear correlations with the HIXs, and the humification degree decreased with a rise in ESP. ConclusionsThe results obtained by chemometrics justified that HIXs not only could identify humification degree of soil organic matter but also could assess soil salinization processes. KeywordsChemometrics–Fulvic acid–Humification–Saline soils–Salinization
  Journal of Soils and Sediments 05/2012; 12(3):341-353.
• Article: Waterjet injection of powdered activated carbon for sediment remediation

  Chris J. Redell, Andrew Curtis Elmore, Joel G. Burken, Ryan D. Stringer
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  ABSTRACT: PurposeIn situ contaminated sediment remediation through the addition of activated carbon has been proven to be an effective remediation technique. An amendment delivery system was developed to accurately place and inject a powdered activated carbon slurry. The system was set up to deliver a series of discrete injections over a rectangular grid with the objective to deliver 3% carbon (C) by dry weight to an inundated saturated sediment at a maximum sediment depth of 30cm. Materials and methodsIn situ conditions have been researched and small bench-scale models have been developed to provide valuable data for future field-scale models. Experiments were performed using kaolinite as a surrogate sediment because the color contrast between the clay and the C permitted the delivered C concentration to be quantified using a spectroradiometer. The experiments showed that a set of operational parameters for the injection system could be identified that provided relatively complete mixing of the C and clay at the desired depths. The experiments were repeated using soil samples contaminated with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polydimethylsiloxane coated solid-phase microextraction fiber analyses to quantify pore water concentrations. Results and discussionSeveral different combinations of pressure, injection duration, and nozzle diameter were evaluated during the initial phase of the characterization of powdered activated C penetration in the surrogate sediment. Iterative approach tactics were conducted that concluded specifically placed, short-duration injections were necessary to deliver meaningful amounts of C in the test sediment. Analysis of these injections found that an average amended C concentration of 14% was achieved up to 26.7cm deep in the surrogate sediment by a 9.5-s injection, whereas a 7.5-s injection at the same depth yielded an average concentration of 9.3%. The reduction in pore water PAHs concentrations through C injection was achieved in excess of 90% at all sampled locations within the injected perimeter. ConclusionsReduction in contaminant pore water concentrations within the soil/sediment appeared to be less dependent on the duration of the individual waterjet injections, and the effective depth of penetration appeared to be greater than that observed during the surrogate sediment experiments. The empirical nature of the waterjet work and the expected heterogeneity of contaminated soils/sediments suggest that it is appropriate to conduct site-specific bench-scale treatability testing prior to full-scale remediation using waterjet-delivered activated C. KeywordsActivated carbon–Bioavailability–Contaminated sediment–Remediation–Waterjet–Placement
  Journal of Soils and Sediments 05/2012; 11(6):1115-1124.
• Article: Methanotroph abundance not affected by applications of animal urine and a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, in six grazed grassland soils

  Hong Jie Di, Keith C. Cameron, Ju-Pei Shen, Chris S. Winefield, Maureen O’Callaghan, Saman Bowatte, Ji-Zheng He
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  ABSTRACT: PurposeMethanotrophs are an important group of methane (CH4)-oxidizing bacteria in the soil, which act as a major sink for the greenhouse gas, CH4. In grazed grassland, one of the ecologically most sensitive areas is the animal urine patch soil, which is a major source of both nitrate (NO3 −) leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrification inhibitors, such as dicyandiamide (DCD), have been used to mitigate NO3 − leaching and N2O emissions in grazed pastures. However, it is not clear if the high nitrogen loading rate in the animal urine patch soil and the use of nitrification inhibitors would have an impact on the abundance of methanotrophs in grazed grassland soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of animal urine and DCD on methanotroph abundance in grazed grassland soils. Materials and methodsA laboratory incubation study was conducted to determine the effect of urine and DCD applications on the abundance of methanotrophs in six grazed grassland soils sampled from across New Zealand, using real-time PCR targeting the functional pmoA gene. Results and discussionResults showed that the pmoA gene copy numbers were low in these soils, mostly below 2.36 × 104g−1 soil except in the West Coast soil where pmoA gene copy number reached 8.95 × 105g−1 soil. Most of the clones identified were aligned to the type II methanotrophs. There was no significant effect (P < 0.05) on the abundance of methanotrophs by the applications of urine at 1,000kgN ha−1 or DCD at 10kgha−1. ConclusionsThese results suggest that the abundance of methanotrophs is not affected by urine deposition or the application of DCD to mitigate NO3 − leaching and N2O emissions in grazed grassland soils. KeywordsAnimal urine–Grassland soil–Methane-oxidizing bacteria–Methanotrophs–Nitrification inhibitor– pmoA gene–Real-time PCR
  Journal of Soils and Sediments 05/2012; 11(3):432-439.
• Article: Reduction of structural Fe(III) in oxyhydroxides by Shewanella decolorationis S12 and characterization of the surface properties of iron minerals

  Xiaomin Li, Tongxu Liu, Fangbai Li, Wei Zhang, Shungui Zhou, Yongtao Li
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  ABSTRACT: PurposeDissimilatory iron reduction is an important iron biogeochemical process in subsurface soils. Many researchers have studied the effects of various factors on this process. However, this process in the natural environment is complicated; thus, all the factors should be investigated systematically and simultaneously. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of Fe(III) availability, surface areas, and crystallinity on Fe(III) reduction in different buffers and to characterize the surface properties of iron minerals. Materials and methodsMicrobial reductions of four chemically synthesized iron(III) oxyhydroxides [i.e., hydrous ferric oxide (HFO), α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, and α-Fe2O3] were conducted in batch cultures inoculated with an iron-reducing bacterium, Shewanella decolorationis S12, in Piperazine-1,4-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (PIPES) and Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4 (phosphate buffer solution; PBS) buffers. The hydroxylamine hydrochloride extraction process was employed to determine Fe(III) availability of the oxyhydroxides, and their total surface area was measured using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. Different α-Fe2O3 crystalline degrees were prepared by sintering γ-FeOOH powder from 300°C to 800°C. The surface properties of iron minerals before and after reduction were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Results and discussionAfter 35days of incubation, the order of Fe(III) reduction rates in the PIPES buffer was as follows: HFO > γ-FeOOH > α-FeOOH > α-Fe2O3, while that in the PBS buffer was as follows: HFO > α-FeOOH > γ-FeOOH > α-Fe2O3. The Michaelis–Menten rate expression was fit to describe the dependence of reduction rates on the available Fe(III). The reduction rates were positively correlated with the surface area but negatively correlated with the crystalline degree. The XRD and FTIR results coupled with the color changes in suspensions showed that in the PIPES buffer, HFO and γ-FeOOH were reduced to magnetite but no obvious change was found on the surfaces of α-FeOOH and α-Fe2O3. All iron oxyhydroxides were predominantly reduced to vivianite in the PBS buffer. ConclusionsThe present study suggested that S. decolorationis S12 can reduce different structural Fe(III) phases under anaerobic conditions. Iron minerals with higher Fe(III) availability and surface area can result in higher reduction rate, whereas high crystalline degree is not favorable for Fe(III) reduction. Magnetite was the dominant secondary mineral produced from the reduction of HFO and γ-FeOOH in the PIPES buffer, while that was vivianite upon the bioreduction of all iron oxyhydroxides in the PBS buffer. KeywordsCrystalline degree–Fe(III) availability–Iron oxyhydroxides reduction– Shewanella decolorationis S12–Surface area–Surface properties
  Journal of Soils and Sediments 05/2012; 12(2):217-227.