European journal of dentistry

Publications in this journal

• Article: The relationship between dental health behavior, oral hygiene and gingival status of dental students in the United Arab Emirates.

  Betul Rahman, Sausan Al Kawas
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of knowledge acquired in preventive aspects of dental education on dental students' own health attitudes, oral hygiene and gingival status in the United Arab Emirates. To compare the self-reported oral health behavior of first year dental students in the University of Sharjah with their actual oral hygiene and gingival conditions, 93 volunteers who participated in the study completed the Hiroshima University-Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) questionnaire. Subsequently a clinical examination for their Plaque Scores (Modified Quigley Hein Plaque Index) and Gingival Bleeding Index was performed by a calibrated dentist. 29% of the participants reported bleeding gums; 83% were concerned by the color of their gums while 63% reported that it was impossible to prevent gum disease with brushing alone; and only 10% noticed some sticky white deposits on their teeth. However, approximately 92% were not in agreement that they would have false teeth when they grew older. 56% mentioned that they used dental floss regularly and 86% brushed twice daily or more. Male students had higher bleeding and plaque scores than female students. There appeared to be a significant relationship between plaque scores and HU-DBI responses; in addition to the significant relationship noted between recorded bleeding percentages and HU-DBI responses. Female students have shown better dental care behavior than male students. The dental students with better self-reported oral health attitudes were expected to have lower plaque scores but instead had moderate plaque and gingival bleeding scores. This indicates the need for more emphasis on preventive measures in oral health education.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):22-7.
• Article: Autogenous cortical bone and bioactive glass grafting for treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects.

  Mahmut Sumer, Gonca Cayir Keles, Burcu Ozkan Cetinkaya, Umut Balli, Ferda Pamuk, Sina Uckan
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  ABSTRACT: The aim of this 6-month prospective randomized clinical study was to compare the effectiveness of autogenous cortical bone (ACB) and bioactive glass (BG) grafting for the regenerative treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects. Via a split-mouth design, 15 chronic periodontitis patients (7 men, 8 women; mean age, 43.47 ± 1.45 years) who had probing pocket depths (PPDs) of ⩾6 mm following initial periodontal therapy were randomly assigned to receive 2 treatments in contralateral areas of the dentition: ACB grafting and BG grafting. The parameters compared in the patients were preoperative and 6-month postoperative PPDs, clinical attachment levels (CALs), and radiographic alveolar bone heights. Both treatment modalities resulted in significant changes in postoperative measurements when compared to preoperative values (p < 0.01). PPDs were decreased, CALs were increased, and radiographic alveolar bone heights were increased by 5.00 ± 0.28, 4.60 ± 0.21, and 5.80 ± 0.43 mm in patients treated with ACB grafting and 5.13 ± 0.32, 4.67 ± 0.27, and 5.33 ± 0.36 mm in patients treated with BG grafting, respectively. Differences between the treatments were not statistically significant (P>.05). Within the limitations of this study, both ACB and BG grafting led to significant improvements in clinical and radiographic parameters 6 months postoperatively. These results suggest that either an ACB graft, which is completely safe with no associated concerns about disease transmission and immunogenic reactions, or a BG graft, which has an unlimited supply, can be selected for regenerative periodontal treatment.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):6-14.
• Article: The effect of tooth bleaching on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets using self-etching primer systems.

  Mehmet Akin, Sertac Aksakalli, Faruk Ayhan Basciftci, Abdullah Demir
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 10% carbamide peroxide and 38% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets using self-etching primer systems. Forty five freshly extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 teeth each: control (group 1), 10% carbamide peroxide at-home bleached (group 2), and 38% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleached (group 3). Three weeks later, all brackets were bonded using a self-etching primer system. The shear bond strength of these brackets was measured and recorded in MPa. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after the brackets failed. Data were analyzed using Kruskal- Wallis test, pairwise comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test and ARI scores were analyzed using a chi-square test at a significance level of P<.05. The shear bond strengths of group 1 (mean: 17.7 ± 9.7 MPa) were significantly higher (P<.05) than those of group 3 (mean: 9.9 ± 5.4 MPa). No significant differences were found between group 2 (mean: 12.3 ± 4.7) and either group 1 or group 3 (P>.05). ARI scores did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. The use of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching does not significantly reduce shear bond strength values. In contrast, use of 38% hydrogen peroxide bleaching significantly reduces these values.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):55-60.
• Article: Treponema diversity in root canals with endodontic failure.

  Leticia M M Nóbrega, Maraisa G Delboni, Frederico C Martinho, Alexandre A Zaia, Caio C R Ferraz, Brenda P F A Gomes
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  ABSTRACT: This study sought to investigate the prevalence of eight oral Treponemas (Treponema denticola, T. amylovorum, T. maltophilum, T. medium, T. pectinovorum, T. socranskii, T. vicentii and T. lecithinolyticum) in teeth with endodontic treatment failure and periapical lesion. Samples were taken from 40 root canals presenting endodontic failure and periapical lesion. DNA extraction was performed and Nested-PCR technique was used for the detection of Treponema species using specific primers. Treponemas was detected in 56.5% of the samples analyzed (22/39). Individual root canals yielded a maximum of 6 target Treponema species. T. denticola (30.8%) and T. maltophilum (30.8%) were the most frequently detected species followed by T. medium (20.5%), T. socranskii (20.5%), T. pectinovorum (17.9%) and T. vicentii (17.9%). Positive association was verified between T. denticola and T. maltophilum such as T. medium (P<.05). T. lecithinolyticum was positively associated with intraradicular post (P<.05). The present study revealed that a wide variety of Treponema species plays a role in persistent/secondary infection turning the root canal microbiota even more complex than previously described by endodontic literature.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):61-8.
• Article: Non-syndrome patient with bilateral supernumerary teeth: Case report and 9-year follow-up.

  Ozlem Marti Akgun, Fidan Sabuncuoglu, Ayberk Altug, Ceyhan Altun
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  ABSTRACT: The presence of supernumerary teeth, also known as hyperdontia, is the condition of having teeth in addition to the regular number of teeth. The occurrence of multiple supernumerary teeth is often found in association with syndromes such as Gardner syndrome, Anderson-Fabry disease, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, and Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. Only a few examples of nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth have been reported in literature. In this report, we present the unusual case and 9-year follow up of a non-syndrome female patient with bilateral supernumerary teeth that occurred with an interval of several years.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):123-6.
• Article: Clinical effect of a gel containing Lippia sidoides on plaque and gingivitis control.

  Sérgio Luis da Silva Pereira, Yuri Carvalho Machado Praxedes, Thiago Catunda Bastos, Phillipe Nogueira Barbosa Alencar, Flávio Nogueira da Costa
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  ABSTRACT: This parallel controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of a gel containing Lippia sidoides essential oil on plaque and gingivitis control. Thirty patients (n=30) were randomly selected and allocated into three groups: Lippia sidoides (LS, n=10), chlorhexidine (CLX, n=10) or placebo (control, n=10). Plaque and bleeding index were recorded at baseline and after three months. All volunteers were instructed to brush with the gel three times a day throughout the experiment period. There was a significant reduction on plaque and gingivitis in the test groups (P<.05), but no statistically significant difference was observed between them (P>.05). A gel preparation containing 10% Lippia sidoides essential oil was an efficient herbal antiplaque and antigingivitis agent.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):28-34.
• Article: Ultrasonic cavity preparation using CVD coated diamond bur: A case report.

  Beatriz Tholt de Vasconcellos, Jeffrey Y Thompson, Manoel Roberto de Paula Macedo, Janaína Monalisa de Oliveira Maia, Margareth Oda, Narciso Garone-Netto
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  ABSTRACT: Before any restorative procedure can be undertaken a proper cavity preparation is required. This clinical step is the mechanical alteration of the tooth to receive a restorative material with which a satisfactory form, function and the esthetics of the tooth will be established. In recent years improvements in materials and techniques have been devised and new technologies are now available for this purpose. The aim of the present study is to report two clinical cases in which a CVD coated diamond bur coupled to an ultrasonic handpiece is used in dental preparation. This technique provides an accurate and conservative tooth preparation with ideal access and visibility and because of enhanced efficiency can also play a role in eliminating some of the patient discomfort of the dental treatment.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):127-32.
• Article: Mechanical properties of direct and indirect composites after storage for 24 hours and 10 months.

  Paula Barbosa Alves, William Cunha Brandt, Ana Christina Claro Neves, Leonardo Gonçalves Cunha, Lais Regiane Silva-Concilio
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  ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diametral tensile strength (DTS) and Knoop hardness (KH) of direct (Filtek Z350-3M/ESPE and Charisma-Heraeus Kulzer) and indirect composites (Sinfony-3M/ESPE and Signum-Heraeus Kulzer) kept in storage for two periods of time, 24 hours and 10 months, in distilled water. Twenty-five specimens of each material were prepared. DTS (n=10) was tested using a universal testing machine (Versat, model 2000) at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. KH (n=5) was measured using Knoop micro-hardness (HMV-2000; 50 gf for 15 s). All tests were performed 24 hours after polymerization and after 10 months of storage in distilled water at 37°C. The data were statistically analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA and t-Student (P=.05). Filtek Z350, Sinfony, and Signum showed higher DTS values than Charisma after 24 hours. After storage, Sinfony and Signum showed higher DTS values because the storage did not influence the DTS values of the indirect composites. Filtek Z350 showed higher KH values after 24 hours and after storage than other composites; the storage influenced the KH of all composites except Sinfony. Storage for 10 months did not influence the properties of the indirect composite Sinfony. In general, the indirect composites showed higher DTS values than direct composites, especially after 10 months storage. The direct composite Filtek Z350 obtained the highest KH values regardless of storage.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):117-22.
• Article: An in vitro evaluation of environmental pH changes after root canal therapy with three different types of calcium hydroxide.

  Maryam Javidi, Mina Zarei, Farzaneh Afkhami, Leila Mokhtari Amir Majdi
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  ABSTRACT: This study determined environmental pH changes after root canal dressing using 3 types of commercial calcium hydroxide pastes. Thirty-two extracted single-rooted human premolars with 1 straight root canal were selected. Standard cavities were prepared on root surfaces. All root surfaces, excluding the cavities, were covered with nail polish. Root canals were prepared using the Easy RaCe rotary system. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups filled with calcium hydroxide pastes: (Group 1) Sure-Paste, (Group 2) Meta-Paste, and (Group 3) Multi-Cal. The control group had 2 samples. Teeth were then placed in 10 mL of normal saline. Environmental pH values were measured at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week. Statistical evaluations of the results were performed via the ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results demonstrated that groups 3 and 1 showed a significant statistical difference (P<.001) with the pH being greater in group 3. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (P>.05). Intracanal placement of Multi-Cal compared with that of Sure-Paste and Meta-Paste resulted in a higher pH in simulated root resorption defects. In cases, like apexification, that need longer pH changes and higher disinfecting qualities, it might be better to use Multi-Cal, and for short-time use as disinfectant medicament Multi-Cal and Meta-Paste are equally effective.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):69-73.
• Article: Effect of various laser irradiations on the mineral content of dentin.

  Erhan Dilber, Meral Arslan Malkoc, A Nilgun Ozturk, Firat Ozturk
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  ABSTRACT: THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE MINERAL CONTENT OF DENTIN IRRADIATION WITH ERBIUM: yttrium-aliminum-garnet (Er:YAG), Neodmiyum:yttrium-aliminum garnet (Nd:YAG) and potassium titanium phosphate (KTP) laser used for in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Six extracted wisdom, unerupted molar teeth were used in this study. The enamel of the teeth was removed with a conventional bur under water cooling to expose the dentin surface. The teeth were mounted in a slow-speed, diamond-saw, sectioning machine. Two dentin slabs were obtained from each tooth and each slab was sectioned so that 4 slabs were made from each teeth. Then dentin slabs were randomly divided into four groups. Group A: Control Group, Group B: Er:YAG laser, Group C: Nd:YAG laser, Group D: KTP laser. The levels of Ca, K, Mg, Na,P and Ca/P mineral ratio in each dentin slab were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Data were analysed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests. One sample from each group was prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were no significant differences between the groups for Ca, K, Mg, Na,P and Ca/P mineral ratio (P>.05). SEM photographs indicated that there were melted areas around the exposed dentin tubules in groups treated with Er:YAG and KTP lasers. This study demonstrated that laser etching with the Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, KTP laser systems did not affect the compositional structure of the dentin surfaces.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):74-80.
• Article: Influence of viscosity and curing mode on degree of conversion of dual-cured resin cements.

  Marina Di Francescantonio, Thaiane Rodrigues Aguiar, César Augusto Galvão Arrais, Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti, Celso Ulysses Davanzo, Marcelo Giannini
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the viscosities and curing modes on the degree of conversion (DC) of two resin cements. Eight experimental groups were evaluated (n=5), according to the dual-cured resin cements (Nexus 2/Variolink II), viscosity (low and high) and evaluation time (5 minutes and 24 hours). The resin cements were applied to surface of a horizontal attenuated-total-reflectance unit and were polymerized either with self-cure (SC) or light exposure (XL3000/3M ESPE) for 40 seconds. Infrared spectra were obtained after 5 minutes and 24 hours (Nicolet 520 FT-IR/Thermo Scientific Inc.). DC was calculated according to changes in aliphatic-to-aromatic peak ratios pre- and post-curing. Data (%) were analyzed by 3-way repeated measure ANOVA (curing mode, viscosity and time interval) and Tukey's post-hoc test (P<.05). The dual-polymerizing mode provided higher DC than auto-polymerization. The DC mean values increased for both resin cements after 24 hours. The low-viscosity resin cements from light-activated or self-cured groups exhibited higher DC than high viscosity version. The DC of resin cements was higher for the low viscosity version, following the light-polymerization and when were tested after 24 hours.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):81-5.
• Article: Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of the vestibular surgical pathway to the palatine root of the maxillary first molar.

  Atakan Kalender, Umut Aksoy, Fatma Basmaci, Kaan Orhan, Ayse Isil Orhan
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  ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical distance between apices of the palatine root of the maxillary first molars to the buccal bone plate to identify the vestibular surgical pathway in a Turkish adult population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. CBCT scans of 107 (48 male and 59 female) patients were retrospectively analyzed. The overall mean age was 38.6 years. The distance between the vestibular cortex and vestibular side of the palatine root was measured for 192 maxillary first molars both on axial images parallel to the palatal plane and on reformatted cross-sectional images. A Pearson's chi square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were performed to evaluate differences among age, localization, and measurements. Differences were considered statistically significant at P<.05. The mean distance between the buccal cortex and the buccal side of the palatine root of the superior first molar in both male and female patients was 10.13 and 9.70 mm, respectively. The incidence of interposition of the lateral recess of the maxillary sinus between the roots was 42.2% and 49% in men and women, respectively. Statistically significant sex-related differences were found in the vestibular surgical pathway (P<.05). For precise planning of endodontic surgery, it is crucial to determine the exact dimensions and location of the periapical lesion, as well as its relationship with the roots and other neighboring anatomical structures. CBCT can be a powerful tool for the evaluation of surgical cases in three dimensions with less ionizing radiation and better avoidance of complications during surgery.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):35-40.
• Article: Conversion degrees of resin composites using different light sources.

  Bora Ozturk, Nevin Cobanoglu, Ali Rıza Cetin, Beniz Gunduz
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  ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare the conversion degree of six different composite materials (Filtek Z 250, Filtek P60, Spectrum TPH, Pertac II, Clearfil AP-X, and Clearfil Photo Posterior) using three different light sources (blue light-emitting diode [LED], plasma arc curing [PAC], and conventional halogen lamp [QTH]). Composites were placed in a 2 mm thick and 5 mm diameter Teflon molds and light cured from the top using three methods: LED for 40 s, PAC for 10 s, and QTH for 40 s. A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) (n=5). The results were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD test. DC was significantly influenced by two variables, light source and composite (P<.05). QTH revealed significantly higher DC values than LED (P<.05). However, there were no significant differences between DC values of QTH and PAC or between DC values of LED and PAC (P>.05). The highest DC was observed in the Z 250 composite specimens following photopolymerization with QTH (70%). The lowest DC was observed in Clearfil Photo Posterior composite specimens following photo-polymerization with LED (43%). The DC was found to be changing according to both light sources and composite materials used. Conventional light halogen (QTH) from light sources and Filtek Z 250 and Filtek P 60 among composite materials showed the most DC performance.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):102-9.
• Article: Evaluation of root anatomy of permanent mandibular premolars and molars in a Korean population with cone-beam computed tomography.

  Jun-Beom Park, Namryang Kim, Seojin Park, Yoonji Kim, Youngkyung Ko
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the root/number of roots and morphology of mandibular premolars and molars in a Korean population, and to evaluate the prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars having distolingual (DL) roots, three-rooted mandibular second molars, and C-shaped roots in mandibular second molars. Serial axial cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the mandibles were collected from 430 Korean patients. The total number of roots in the mandibular premolars and molars was counted, and the incidence and the correlations between left- and right-side occurrences and between males and females were analyzed. The majority of mandibular first premolars and second premolars had one root (99.9% and 99.4%, respectively). Three-fourth of first molars (77.4%) had one mesial and one distal root, and the incidence of a three-rooted tooth having DL root was 22.3%. A little more than half the number of mandibular second molars (54.5%) were two-rooted. Finally, 2.3% of the second molars had three roots having one DL root, and 41.3% had C-shaped roots. There was a high prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars and C-shaped roots in mandibular second molars among a Korean population, detected using CBCT, and the results showed similarities with previous reports about other Asian populations. It may be suggested that CBCT is a practical method of evaluating the number and shape of teeth. Data regarding the occurrence and morphology of the roots may provide useful information to dental practitioners.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):94-101.
• Article: Assessment of changes in color and color parameters of light-cured composite resin after alternative polymerization methods.

  Emine Sirin Karaarslan, Mehmet Bulbul, Ertan Ertas, Mehmet Ata Cebe, Aslihan Usumez
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  ABSTRACT: To examine the amount of change in color and color parameters of a composite resin (Filtek P60) polymerized by five different polymerization methods. A Teflon mold (6mm in diameter, 2mm in height) was used to prepare the composite resin discs (n=10). G1: Polymerization with inlay oven; G2: Polymerization with HQTH and autoclave; G3: Polymerization with LED and autoclave; G4: Polymerization with HQTH; G5: Polymerization with LED. Colorimetric values of the specimens before and after polymerization were measured using a spectrophotometer. The CIE L*a*b color system was used for the determination of color difference. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data for significant differences. Tukey's HSD test and paired two-tailed tests were used to perform multiple comparisons (α=.05). There were no significant differences in total color change (ΔE*ab) among the polymerization groups (P>.05). However, the lowest color change (ΔE*ab) value was 3.3 in LED and autoclave; the highest color change (ΔE*ab) value was 4.6 in HQTH. For all groups, CIE L*, C*ab and a*values decreased after polymerization (P<.05). The highest Δb* and ΔC*ab values were observed in specimens polymerized in an inlay oven (P<.05). Composite resin material showed color changes above the clinically accepted value in all study groups (ΔE*ab⩾3.3). All specimens became darker during investigation (ΔL*< 0). Specimens polymerized with inlay oven presented the highest Δb* values which means less yellow color in specimens.
  European journal of dentistry 01/2013; 7(1):110-6.