Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C (Nuovo Cimento C)

Publications in this journal

• Article: Measurements of atmospheric aerosol in the Salentum Peninsula and its correlation with local meteorology

  F Belosi, D Contini, A Donateo, F Prodi
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 01/2006; 29(4):473-486.
• Article: The Ulysses mission: An introduction

  R. G. Marsden, E. J. Smith
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  ABSTRACT: On 30 September 1995, Ulysses completed its initial, highly successful, survey of the polar regions of the heliosphere in both southern and northern hemispheres, thereby fulfilling its prime mission. The results obtained to date are leading to a revision of many earlier ideas concerning the solar wind and the heliosphere. Now embarking on the second phase of the mission, Ulysses will continue along its out-of-ecliptic flight path for another complete orbit of the Sun. In contrast to the high-latitude phase of the prime mission, which occurred near solar minimum, the next polar passes (in 2000 and 2001) will take place when the Sun is at its most active.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):909-914.
• Article: Azimuthal peculiarities of gamma-ray-hadron families and the new physics at ≳ TeVTeV

  R. A. Mukhamedshin
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  ABSTRACT: Results of the analysis of possible causes of the alignment of energetically distinguished cores of γ-hadron families are presented. It is shown that the well-known physical factors cannot produce the observed effects. A phenomenological model based on new Pomeron physics theories and capable of explanation of this phenomenon is proposed.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):1005-1010.
• Article: Paleoastrophysics and cosmic rays

  G. E. Kocharov
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  ABSTRACT: A discussion is given of the status and potential of studying the cosmic-ray flux level over long time scales by high-precision measurement of cosmogenic isotopes content in natural archives of cosmic radiation.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):883-892.
• Article: Hadron inelastic collisions in the region 1–105TeV

  S. I. Nikolsky
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  ABSTRACT: The results of the Tien-Shan investigation on Extensive Air Showers suggest a disappearing fragmentation region in the processes of secondary hadron multiproduction in proton-nucleon collisions at primary cosmic-ray proton energies (1–2)·104TeV. Essential changes in the process of hadron multiproduction with a sharp energy threshold at small distances, ∼3·10−17 cm, mean the production of strongly interacting bosons with masses ≥400 GeV/c2 instead of quark-spectator hadronization. It is possible that such a subquark structure partially changes the characteristics of nucleon-nucleus inelastic collisions in a nucleon energy range 30–100 TeV.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):1039-1043.
• Article: MiniMax: What has been learned thus far

  M. Convery, W. L. Davis, K. DelSignore, T. L. Jenkins, E. Kangas, M. Knepley, K. L. Kowalski, C. C. Taylor, C. H. Wang, S. H. Oh, [......], B. Hanna, M. A. Martens, J. M. Streets, R. C. Ball, H. R. Gustafson, L. W. Jones, M. J. Longo, J. D. Bjorken, N. Morgan, C. Pruneau
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  ABSTRACT: A small experiment, «MiniMax», has been set up in the C0 intersection region of the Fermilab Tevatron to seek evidence for disoriented chiral condensates and to study other forward physics phenomena. The experiment consists of a proportional wire chamber telescope accompanied by scintillation (trigger) counters, a lead converter, and followed by an electromagnetic calorimeter. The solid angle accepted is a cone centered at pseudorapidity (η) of 4.1 and of radius (in η-ϕ space) of about 0.6. Over 2.5 million events thus far have demonstrated the successful operation of the apparatus, however to date the analysis has not progressed sufficiently to permit any conclusions concerning disoriented chiral condensates.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):1045-1049.
• Article: The enrichment of physics and astrophysics: The legacy of Victor Hess

  M. M. Shapiro
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  ABSTRACT: The Third Victor F. Hess Memorial Lecture traces the evolution of the cosmic-ray discipline from Hess' discovery in his balloon flights of 1911. Serendipitously, this led to the genesis of two major fields of research, high-energy elementary-particle physics and cosmic-ray astrophysics. The subsequent development of the latter field is traced from the early decades when its promise was not widely appreciated. Epochal discoveries in the 1930's and 1940's stimulated widespread interest among physicists. Identification of the positron, the «soft component», muons, pions, and the elaboration of the electromagnetic theory of shower production were among the major advances. The nuclear character of the main primary component was demonstrated in the forties. Symbiosis with radioastronomy, notably the understanding of the synchrotron radiation emitted from the Crab Nebula, revealed the role of supernova explosions in providing the energy for the galactic cosmic radiation. Fermi's use of magnetohydrodynamics in his acceleration mechanisms, and their subsequest realization in shock-wave theory are sketched. Detailed investigations of composition—especially measurements of the Li−Be−B and of the3He components—yielded knowledge of the propagation and transformations of the relativistic nuclei in passing through the interstellar medium. This, in turn, made possible the evaluation of path length distributions, predictions of the arriving isotopic composition, the source composition, and cosmic-ray age. Finally, some tantalizing problems that remain are mentioned, notably those of the highest-energy and the lowest-energy cosmic rays.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):893-902.
• Article: Development of the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique

  M. F. Cawley
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  ABSTRACT: Following a brief history of the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique and a summary of the current status of the field, we describe some of the potential developments of the method over the next few years. Due to constraints of space, we shall confine the discussion to single stand-alone telescopes—stereo imaging will not be discussed.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):959-963.
• Article: Overview of the effects of solar-terrestrial phenomena on man and his environment

  M. A. Shea, D. F. Smart
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  ABSTRACT: The effect of solar-terrestrial phenomena on our environment is a rapidly developing science. An overview of this subject is presented including known technological effects, possible effects on ozone depletion, and the much more elusive possibility that solar emissions may be linked to human health.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):945-952.
• Article: Ulysses cosmic-ray investigations extending from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun and heliosphere

  J. A. Simpson
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  ABSTRACT: The recent rapid transit of Ulysses from the solar south polar to the north polar region has confirmed the earlier findings by the COsmic-ray and Solar-Particle Investigations (COSPIN) international consortium and has yielded additional discoveries that are important for understanding heliospheric modulation. High-resolution isotopic measurements of Fe and Ni on Ulysses show that the source composition of these cosmic-ray nuclei is not neutron rich for these elements and is close to solar-system composition.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):935-943.
• Article: Searches for gamma-quanta from local sources by a wide-angle imaging telescope

  V. G. Sinitsyna
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  ABSTRACT: A new Cherenkov imaging telescope SHALON equipped with a very high-definition camera (144 pixels, imaging 7.20×7.20) takes data since 1993 at a mountain altitude of 3338 m. We discuss some results of the observations of the indicated gamma-ray sources and the discrimination methods between gamma-rays and protons. Selection of showers produced by gamma-quanta from a background of showers produced by protons has been made according to the following criteria: 1) alpha<200; 2) length/width>1.6 for γ; 3) Cherenkov light intensity in pixels with max light to the light in the light pixels near around is >0.2 for γ and <0.6 for p; 4) Cherenkov light intensity in pixels with max light to all light in imaging excluding in centre is >0.8 for γ and <0.8 for p; 5) distance for γ is <3.5 pixels.I Crab=(0.95±0.18)·10−12 cm−2c−1.I Mark421=(0.98±0.36)·10−12 cm−2c−1.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):965-970.
• Article: Results from solar-neutrino experiments

  T. A. Kirsten
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  ABSTRACT: All four operating solar-neutrino detectors (HOMESTAKE, KAMIOKANDE, GALLEX, SAGE) get positive results but below the level expected from solar models. Taking all data together, it appears that the abundant pp-neutrinos are fully present, the intermediate7Be-neutrinos are strongly or totally suppressed and the rare8B-neutrinos are partially reduced (factor 2–3). This cannot be explained by modifications of the stellar model but would be consistent with neutrino flavour oscillations between the solar core and the detector. If this applies, non-zero neutrino mass is required. The evidence is summarized and discussed.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):821-833.
• Article: Superyoung EAS with N e>107. The «Hadron» experiment

  D. S. Adamov, V. V. Arabkin, S. P. Besshapov, K. V. Cherdyntseva, A. P. Chubenko, A. G. Duboviy, P. A. Djatlov, J. K. Janseitova, V. V. Zhukov, R. A. Nam, N. M. Nesterova, N. M. Nikolskaya, V. P. Pavlyuchenko, V. V. Piscal, S. B. Shaulov, A. Stepanov, N. G. Vildanov, L. I. Vildanova
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  ABSTRACT: The combined (EAS+EC) «Hadron» experiment was made at Tien-Shan Station during 1985–1991. A large statistic of gamma-hadron families, combined with EAS, is now analysed. The result of the leader effect disappearance forN e>107 was reported earlier and at this Conference too. Here we present new results about the existence of Super Young Showers (SYS) with ageS<0.1, containing gamma-hadron families with visible energy ≥10 TeV. Namely, SYS have anomalous soft-energy spectra of particles at gamma-hadron families. These events may be connected with Young Air Showers (YAS) and Narrow Air Showers (NAS).
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):999-1003.
• Article: Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy: General remarks

  T. Kifune
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  ABSTRACT: The ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has its coming of age currently with 4 sources detected at high significance levels, after experiencing about 30 years history. The energetic gamma rays provide direct means for uncovering higher-energy non-thermal phenomena at various celestial objects. We need more data with improved sensitivities, and multitudes of such efforts are now under way.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):953-957.
• Source

  Available from: fnal.gov

  Article: Simultaneous observation of families and associated air showers at Mt. Chacaltaya

  N. Kawasumi, I. Tsushima, K. Honda, K. Hashimoto, T. Matano, N. Inoue, K. Mori, K. Yokoi, A. Ohsawa, M. Tamada, N. Ohmori, N. Martinic, R. Ticona, N. Gironda, F. Osco, C. Aguirre
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  ABSTRACT: The observation of families and air showers is carried out at Mt. Chacaltaya (5200m, 540 g/cm2 atmospheric depth, Bolivia) by operating the emulsion chamber and the air shower array simultaneously. We summarize in this paper the results of the experiment, leaving the description of experimental apparatus, experimental procedure, etc. elsewhere (Kawasumi N. et al., AIP Conf. Proc.,276 (1992) 88;Proc. XXIV ICRC, Rome,1 (1995) 201). The analysis relies on the data of 47 families of ΣE γ≥10 TeV with the accompaniment of air showers.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):1023-1029.
• Article: Record of galactic-cosmic-ray variations in terrestrial archives and meteorites

  G. Bonino
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  ABSTRACT: A fundamental contribution to the understanding of several physical processes influencing the galactic-cosmic-ray (GCR) variations can be given by proxy data of the past GCR flux obtained in terrestrial archives and meteorites which extend the range of the studies. The most prominent spatial and temporal GCR variations are of solar origin. The solar modulation affects the intensity of GCR, particularly below 1 GeV and, therefore, the isotopes production rates in the Earth's atmosphere, in planetary surfaces and in meteorites where the GCRs induce nuclear interactions. Measurements and analyses of cosmogenic radioisotopes in terrestrial archives like tree rings, ice cores and sediments are presented. Effects due to variations in the geomagnetic field, climatic changes and exchange within different terrestrial reservoirs which affect the isotopes deposition rates are also discussed. The study of cosmogenic radioisotopes in meteorites, which are exposed to GCR in the interplanetary space, has the advantage that the production of radioisotopes is not affected by terrestrial processes.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):865-882.
• Article: Low-energy interplanetary charged particles: Solar south pole to solar north pole and high heliolatitudes

  L. J. Lanzerotti, R. E. Gold, K. A. Anderson, T. P. Armstrong, S. E. Hawkins, S. M. Krimigis, R. P. Lin, C. G. Maclennan, M. Pick, E. C. Roelof, E. T. Sarris, D. J. Thomson
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  ABSTRACT: Low-energy (≳50 keV) charged particles measured by the HI-SCALE instrument on the Ulysses spacecraft provided unique information on the particle composition and intensity in both polar regions of the Sun. Further, the rapid 160° South-to-North solar transit of Ulysses in early 1995 yielded new information on heliospheric structure. This paper reviews several of the key HI-SCALE results, including the latitude dependence of particle acceleration by corotating interaction regions, particle propagation from equatorial regions of the Sun to high heliolatitudes, and the appearance of numerous periodic components in the power spectra of the particle variations, the frequencies of which are consistent with those estimated (but not as yet confirmed) for gravity-mode oscillations of the Sun.
  Nuovo Cimento- Societa Italiana di Fisica Sezione C 10/1996; 19(6):927-933.