Implant Dentistry (IMPLANT DENT)

Description

Implant Dentistry meets the needs of oral surgeons, prosthodontists, and other dental specialists in this rapidly growing field with current, expert coverage on every aspect of implant treatment. The peer-review system distinguishes the journal with contributions from leading authorities on implant systems, biomaterials, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral pathology, periodontics, and much more.

Publisher details

Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins

Publications in this journal

• The inverted periosteal flap: a source of stem cells enhancing bone regeneration.

  Authors: Muna Soltan, Dennis Smiler, Christie Soltan

  Implant dentistry. 18(5):373-9.

  The periosteum is a necessary component for bone growth, healing, and remodeling. It provides vascularity, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. It is a regenerative source for stem cells similar to thoseThe periosteum is a necessary component for bone growth, healing, and remodeling. It provides vascularity, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. It is a regenerative source for stem cells similar to those obtained from bone marrow aspiration. This article describes the inverted periosteal flap technique at an oral bone graft site as a means of enhancing bone regeneration. The technique is recommended when augmenting sites with 3- or 4-wall defects, in conjunction with implant placement or in combination with bone graft surgery.

• Flapless implant placement with crown lengthening procedure to correct crown height: a case report.

  Authors: Nancy Jacobson, Cliff Starr

  Implant dentistry. 18(5):387-92.

  Bone loss and soft tissue loss are common problems after tooth extraction and that can lead to excessive length of clinical crowns. This problem can be exacerbated by delaying implant placement afterBone loss and soft tissue loss are common problems after tooth extraction and that can lead to excessive length of clinical crowns. This problem can be exacerbated by delaying implant placement after tooth extraction. In this case the opposite occurred. After flapless placement of a NobelDirect implant with immediate loading there was not enough vertical space for an esthetic restoration. Surgical crown lengthening was performed to create vertical space to place an esthetically pleasing restoration in harmony with the patient's existing dentition.

• Cancellous and cortical microparticulate allograft for dental implantation: an experimental study in non-human primates.

  Authors: Theodore Malinin, H Thomas Temple, Arun Garg

  Implant dentistry. 18(5):420-7.

  : A comparison of freeze-dried cancellous and cortical particulate bone allograft was made using a non-human primate model. : Microparticulate bone allograft (90-300 μm size) made from either: A comparison of freeze-dried cancellous and cortical particulate bone allograft was made using a non-human primate model. : Microparticulate bone allograft (90-300 μm size) made from either cortical or cancellous bone was used to pack standard bone defects in the lower extremities of baboons, Papio hamadryas. Bone allografts were aseptically processed and freeze dried. Bone allografts were prepared from animals other than those included in this study. Six weeks after bone grafting, the animals were killed. Extremities with defects were radiographed. The bone preparations were sectioned with a diamond saw, inspected grossly, photographed, then fixed, and subjected to histologic and histomorphometric analysis. : Cylindrical bone defects were healed in all animals. No differences in the healing patterns and new bone formation were detected between defects filled with cortical and cancellous microparticulate bone preparations. : Either cortical or cancellous microparticulate bone preparations can be used with equal effectiveness to promote bone regeneration in confined bone defects.

• Influence of abutment design on clinical status of peri-implant tissues.

  Authors: Tara B Taiyeb-Ali, Chooi Gait Toh, Chong Huat Siar, Doris Seiz, Siew Tin Ong

  Implant dentistry. 18(5):438-46.

  : To compare the clinical soft tissue responses around implant tooth-supported 3-unit bridges using tapered abutments with those using butt-joint abutments. : In a split-mouth design study, 8 mm: To compare the clinical soft tissue responses around implant tooth-supported 3-unit bridges using tapered abutments with those using butt-joint abutments. : In a split-mouth design study, 8 mm Ankylos (Dentsply Friadent, Germany) implants were placed in the second mandibular molar region of 8 adult Macaca fascicularis monkeys about 1 month after extraction of all mandibular molars. After 3 months of submerged healing, 3-unit metal bridges were constructed. Clinical data was collected by the author who was blind to the abutment selections. Implants were clinically evaluated using Waite plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment loss (PAL), and width of keratinized mucosa at baseline (BL) and 3-month and 6-month intervals. Stability of the implant was assessed using Periotest device at BL and after 6 months. : At BL, all the clinical variables did not differ statistically between the tapered and the butt-joint groups except for PPD (P < 0.05), where the mean PPD was greater in the butt-joint group (2.75 ± 1.02 mm) as compared with the tapered group (1.97 ± 0.65 mm). At the 3-month assessment, there was no difference in all clinical variables. After 6-month loading, no significant difference between these 2 groups was detected in all these variables, with the exception of PAL (P = 0.05) where mean PAL was greater for implants with the butt-joint abutments (0.91 ± 0.86 mm) in comparison with the tapered abutments (0.50 ± 0.88 mm), and mean Periotest values (PTVs) that indicate the tapered-abutment implants (PTV = -4.5 ± 1.60) were more stable than butt-joint-abutment implants (PTV = -1.5 ± 3.59) with P < 0.05. : The differences in these mucogingival responses between these 2 groups at BL (during seating of abutments, especially of butt-joint abutments) and after 6-month loading indicated enhanced peri-implant soft tissue stability around the tapered abutments of this system. There was also enhanced-PTV in the test group for clinical mobility assessment after 6-month loading.

• Evasion of the body snatchers.

  Authors: Robert E Marx

  Implant dentistry. 18(5):371-2.

• Computed tomographic evaluation of sinus augmentation with simultaneous endosseous implant placement.

  Authors: Jun-Beom Park, Hun-Seb Lim, Ki-Beom Yoo

  Implant dentistry. 18(5):380-6.

  Computed tomography (CT) has become the gold standard by which a comprehensive implant treatment plan is determined and a postoperative assessment of cancellous and cortical bone is achieved. AComputed tomography (CT) has become the gold standard by which a comprehensive implant treatment plan is determined and a postoperative assessment of cancellous and cortical bone is achieved. A patient with an insufficient alveolar bone height and sinus pneumatization was treated for the simultaneous placement of implants with sinus augmentation. CT scans were used not only for the presurgical evaluation, but also for the postoperative radiographic observation. The new sinus floor seemed to be more defined as time goes on and the decrease in alveolar bone height could not be found. The cortication and remodeling of the buccal window were apparent in the 10-month postoperative CT scan. No significant change in alveolar bone height was seen between the 6- and 10-month postoperative measurements. Implants placed simultaneously with the sinus augmentation procedure were maintained in a healthy condition up to 18 months and it was shown that CT scans can serve as a good follow-up tool in assessing postoperative results.

• Anatomically guided implant site preparation technique at molar sites.

  Authors: Mario H Rodriguez-Tizcareño, Claudia Bravo-Flores

  Implant dentistry. 18(5):393-401.

  Immediate postextraction implant placement in the areas of multiradicular teeth is a difficult procedure in view of having to place the implant in an ideal position without jeopardizing its initialImmediate postextraction implant placement in the areas of multiradicular teeth is a difficult procedure in view of having to place the implant in an ideal position without jeopardizing its initial stability. The surgeon often faces the problem of directing the initial osteotomy in the medial portion of the alveolus with the difficulty of engaging the inter-radicular septum of the extraction socket. The drill may slip continually leading to an inaccurate site preparation, and consequently to a deficient implant insertion. The fixture is often placed directly into either one of the extraction sockets of the tooth to be replaced. The anatomically guided site preparation technique is a very useful tool to perform implant placement in the areas of multiradicular teeth. This approach of implant insertion consists of a progressive preparation of the implant site using the anatomy and geometry of the root of the multiradicular teeth to be extracted as a reference and as an aid to engage the inter-radicular septum. This places the implants in a favorable and proper position from a biomechanical and occlusal standpoint. The objective of this article is to describe the anatomically guided implant site preparation technique as an aid to favorably place dental implants in multiradicular teeth postextraction.

• Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the effect of 1-piece superstructure on mandibular flexure.

  Authors: Roshanak Baghai Naini, Saied Nokar

  Implant dentistry. 18(5):428-37.

  : Mandibular flexure may affect the stress distribution in the implant-supported fixed partial dentures, yet the phenomenon has received little attention in finite element analysis studies. The: Mandibular flexure may affect the stress distribution in the implant-supported fixed partial dentures, yet the phenomenon has received little attention in finite element analysis studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the restraining effects imposed by 1-piece cross-arch superstructure on mandibular flexure and implant stresses. : Mandibular deformation and stress distribution in an implant-supported prosthesis (5 implants and 1-piece superstructure with 16.5 mm bilateral distal cantilevers) were analyzed by a 3-dimensional finite element model of a human edentulous mandible. To determine the effect of 1-piece cross-arch superstructure on mandibular flexure restriction, incisal clenching was simulated. During incisal clenching, maximum contraction of dental arch occurs. For this purpose, 9 pairs of mas ticatory muscles were simulated by multiple force vectors over areas of attachment. : A significant amount of stress (26.2 MPa) at the cortical bone surrounding the neck of the implant located at the symphysis assumed as a consequence of mandibular flexure. At the same area, maximum strain value of 1680 microstrain was detected. Moreover, maximum deformation of 0.35 mm was observed at the mandibular angle. : One-piece implant-supported superstructure restricted mandibular deformation to almost half of the amount observed in unrestricted mandibular models of previous studies. This phenomenon must be considered in finite element analysis studies.

• Changes in abutment screw dimensions after off-axis loading of implant-supported crowns: a pilot study.

  Authors: Gregory Lavrentiadis, Hoda Yousef, Allyn Luke, Robert Flinton

  Implant dentistry. 18(5):447-53.

  : Loss of screw tightness resulting in abutment movement and displacement of the crown or prosthesis may occur from plastic deformation of the screw. This study correlates changes in screw length and: Loss of screw tightness resulting in abutment movement and displacement of the crown or prosthesis may occur from plastic deformation of the screw. This study correlates changes in screw length and diameter with previously reported loss of screw tightness. : Samples consisting of a 4 × 10-mm implant (potted in polymethylmethacrylate resin), a standard abutment, and the cemented crown were loaded with a 200-N force for 1 × 10 cycles. Torque audits were performed and the screws retrieved. Measurements were made of the shank length and diameter for 4 groups of implants-BioLok, external connection; Zimmer, internal connection; NobelBiocare, external connection; and AstraTech, internal connection. : Elongation of the screw shanks were observed for NobelBiocare (77.9 μm) and Zimmer (52.5 μm) systems. This correlated with a loss of tightness of 50% (15 N cm). The BioLok system did not exhibit loss of screw tightness or shank lengthening. The Astra Tech system showed no change in screw shank length, but all the screws loosened multiple times. However, no changes in midshank width were observed for any of the systems. : For both internal connection and external hexed systems, loss of screw tightness can be correlated with plastic deformation of the screw. This does not seem to be true, however, for a conical interface implant system.

• Guaranteeing treatment for everyone: the need for educational triage.

  Authors: Kenneth W M Judy

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):1.

• Implant success, survival, and failure: the International Congress of Oral Implantologists (ICOI) Pisa Consensus Conference.

  Authors: Carl E Misch, Morton L Perel, Hom-Lay Wang, Gilberto Sammartino, Pablo Galindo-Moreno, Paolo Trisi, Marius Steigmann, Alberto Rebaudi, Ady Palti, Michael A Pikos, D Schwartz-Arad, Joseph Choukroun, Jose-Luis Gutierrez-Perez, Gaetano Marenzi, Dimosthenis K Valavanis

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):5-15.

  The primary function of a dental implant is to act as an abutment for a prosthetic device, similar to a natural tooth root and crown. Any success criteria, therefore, must include first and foremostThe primary function of a dental implant is to act as an abutment for a prosthetic device, similar to a natural tooth root and crown. Any success criteria, therefore, must include first and foremost support of a functional prosthesis. In addition, although clinical criteria for prosthetic success are beyond the scope of this article, patient satisfaction with the esthetic appearance of the implant restoration is necessary in clinical practice.The restoring dentist designs and fabricates a prosthesis similar to one supported by a tooth, and as such often evaluates and treats the dental implant similarly to a natural tooth. Yet, fundamental differences in the support system between these entities should be recognized. The purpose of this article is to use a few indices developed for natural teeth as an index that is specific for endosteal root-form implants. This article is also intended to update and upgrade what is purported to be implant success, implant survival, and implant failure. The Health Scale presented in this article was developed and accepted by the International Congress of Oral Implantologists Consensus Conference for Implant Success in Pisa, Italy, October 2007.

• Maxillary sinus membrane repair: update on technique for large and complete perforations.

  Authors: Michael A Pikos

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):24-31.

  Maxillary sinus membrane perforation is the most common complication that occurs with sinus elevation augmentation surgery. A technique using a slow resorbing type I collagen membrane for repair ofMaxillary sinus membrane perforation is the most common complication that occurs with sinus elevation augmentation surgery. A technique using a slow resorbing type I collagen membrane for repair of large and complete sinus membrane perforations is described. The biocompatibility and semirigid structural integrity of this membrane, along with external tack fixation, allows for optimal membrane stabilization and maintenance.

• Cortical tenting grafting technique in the severely atrophic alveolar ridge for implant site preparation.

  Authors: Bach Le, Jeffrey Burstein, P Parish Sedghizadeh

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):40-50.

  OBJECTIVES: Alveolar ridge augmentation using intraoral autogenous block grafts to augment localized alveolar ridge defects before implant placement is a predictable method. However, large severelyOBJECTIVES: Alveolar ridge augmentation using intraoral autogenous block grafts to augment localized alveolar ridge defects before implant placement is a predictable method. However, large severely atrophic edentulous segments may require extraoral donor sites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using intraoral cortical block grafts in combination with particulate human mineralized allograft, in a "tenting" fashion, to augment large atrophic alveolar ridge defects for implant placement. MATERIALS: This prospective case study evaluated augmentation in 10 consecutive patients with severely resorbed alveolar ridges missing a minimum of 4 adjacent teeth. Before augmentation, all grafted sites were deemed inadequate for placement of a standard 4-mm-diameter implant. Horizontal ridge augmentation was performed using autologous membranous cortical bone grafts from an oral donor site to tent out the soft tissue matrix and periosteum for the adjacent particulate allograft. The ridges were clinically evaluated 4 to 5 months after augmentation, and 42 implants were placed at that time. RESULTS: Implants were successfully placed at all grafted sites 4 to 5 months after the original graft date. Clinical evaluation of the grafted sites upon re-entry revealed uniform ridge anatomy. All edentulous segments had at least 2 implants placed of at least 4.0 mm diameter. In all, 42 implants were placed into grafted sites in the 10 patients. Implants were checked for osseointegration by using a counter torque of 35 N.cm. One implant failed to integrate. Mean follow-up was 22 months after implant placement. All augmented ridges had retained their functional and esthetic integrity at 1 year after original augmentation. CONCLUSION: Tenting of the periosteum and soft tissue matrix using a cortical bone block maintains space and minimizes resorption of the particulate allograft volume. In addition, bridging the cortical blocks with particulate bone avoids unaesthetic ridge defects between cortical block grafts in larger ridge defects. The result was a more uniform and esthetic alveolar ridge, capable of maintaining an implant-supported prosthesis. The technique offers predictable functional and esthetic reconstruction of large-volume defects without extensive amounts of autogenous bone. This offers a superior functional and esthetic result than with either cortical or particulate grafting alone.

• Immediate loading of the grafted maxillary sinus using platelet rich plasma and autogenous bone: a preliminary study with histologic and histomorphometric analysis.

  Authors: Cameron Y S Lee, Michael D Rohrer, Hari S Prasad

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):59-73.

  OBJECTIVE: The goal of this clinical study was to evaluate dental implant survival rates using the concept of a nonfunctional, immediate loading protocol with nonsplinted dental implants in theOBJECTIVE: The goal of this clinical study was to evaluate dental implant survival rates using the concept of a nonfunctional, immediate loading protocol with nonsplinted dental implants in the grafted maxillary sinus during a 52-week period. Random histomorphological and histomorphometric analysis was completed to evaluate the early healing effect of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and 50% autogenous bone combined with 3 different substitute graft materials. MATERIALS: Four to 8 months after grafting the sinus with PRP sprayed autogenous bone combined with 3 different substitute graft materials in a 50:50 composite ratio, 27 hydroxyapatite- coated dental implants were surgically placed in 41 patients and immediately loaded between 48 hours and 5 days later with custom titanium abutments and acrylic provisional restorations placed out of functional occlusion. Six months later, definitive ceramometal restorations were cemented on to the custom abutments. RESULTS: During a 52-week observation period, no implants were lost. Between 4 and 8 months of graft healing time, histologic and histomorphometric analysis revealed formation of new vital bone in different graft specimens ranging from 77% to 100%. CONCLUSION: The preliminary results of this clinical study indicate that immediate nonfunctional loading using PRP and 50% autogenous bone combined with different substitute graft materials is a predictable protocol in the grafted maxillary sinus as early as 4 months of postgrafting. The high implant survival rate is due to the early formation of large percentages of new vital bone as confirmed by using histologic and histomorphometric analysis.

• Injectable bone applied for ridge augmentation and dental implant placement: human progress study.

  Authors: Minoru Ueda, Yoichi Yamada, Hideaki Kagami, Hideharu Hibi

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):82-90.

  PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the success of implants placed in conjunction with a new material, tissue-engineered bone, and the stability of the regenerated bone afterPURPOSE: The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the success of implants placed in conjunction with a new material, tissue-engineered bone, and the stability of the regenerated bone after functional loading on a long-term basis. METHODS: The tissue-engineered bone was applied to 14 cases, in which 6 patients were with partially or totally edentulous arches scheduled for sinus floor grafting and 8 patients underwent concurrent onlay plasty. RESULTS: This study showed that the injectable bone formation induced bone in this anatomical site in 100% of the patients. The results also indicate that it might be possible to achieve the osseointegration of simultaneous implant placements with the grafts. CONCLUSIONS: It may be possible that injectable bone can shorten the period of implant treatment and reduce the patient's burden and expect good long-term prognosis.

• Peptide-15 changes miRNA expression in osteoblast-like cells.

  Authors: Annalisa Palmieri, Furio Pezzetti, Giorgio Brunelli, Marcella Martinelli, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Antonio Scarano, Marco Degidi, Adriano Piattelli, Francesco Carinci

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):100-8.

  PURPOSE: Peptide-15 (P-15) is an analog of the cell-binding domain of collagen. P-15 has been shown to facilitate physiological process in a way similar to collagen, to serve as anchorage for cells,PURPOSE: Peptide-15 (P-15) is an analog of the cell-binding domain of collagen. P-15 has been shown to facilitate physiological process in a way similar to collagen, to serve as anchorage for cells, and to promote the binding, migration, and differentiation of cells. However, how P-15 alters osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by using microarray techniques to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression in osteoblasts exposed to P-15. MATERIALS: The miRNA oligonucleotide microarray provides a novel method to carry out genome-wide miRNA profiling in human samples. By using miRNA microarrays containing 329 probe designed from human miRNA sequence, we identified in osteoblast-like cells line (MG-63) cul-tured with P-15 several miRNA whose expression is significantly modified. RESULTS: We identified 11 up-regulated miRNA (i.e., mir-337, mir-15b, mir-377, mir-100, mir-148a, mir-125a, mir-199a, mir-221, mir-let-7d, mir-92, mir-23b) and six down-regulated miRNA (i.e., mir-422a, mir-19a, mir-224, mir-145, mir-22, mir-29a). CONCLUSION: The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first on translation regulation in osteoblasts exposed to P-15. They can be relevant to better understand the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and can serve as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects.

• Electrical field effect on peri-implant osteogenesis: a histologic and histomorphometric study.

  Authors: Graciela Ana Giannunzio, Rodolfo Carlos Speerli, María Beatriz Guglielmotti

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):118-26.

  PURPOSE: Tissue response to injury, as occurs during wound healing, is a well-organized biologic event. Both clinical and experimental studies have shown external electrical stimulation to enhancePURPOSE: Tissue response to injury, as occurs during wound healing, is a well-organized biologic event. Both clinical and experimental studies have shown external electrical stimulation to enhance tissue repair. The effect of in situ electrical stimulation has been studied in experimental models of fracture healing, ostectomy, osteogenic distraction, and implants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an electrical field on peri-implant wound healing, using an experimental model that involved placing a metallic laminar implant in rat tibia. MATERIALS: Forty male Wistar rats weighing approximately 100 g were used. A titanium laminar implant (6 x 1 x 0.1 mm3) (Implant Vel, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was inserted through the hole and placed in the medullary compartment. The tissues were then repositioned and sutured carefully. An electric field generator (ECCEL, DAM, Argentina) was used to deliver the electric stimulus. The electric field plate was placed on the skin of both hind limbs. In sham group, the animals were subjected to the same procedure without connecting the plate to the electric field generator. All the animals were killed by ether overdose at 15 days of postimplantation. The tibiae were resected, fixed in 20% formalin, radiographed, and processed for embedding in methyl methacrylate. The ground sections were stained with 1% toluidine blue. The following parameters were evaluated: peri-implant bone volume and percentage of osseointegration. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using ANOVA (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Application of external positive or negative electrical fields using the experimental model (post-titanium implant bone healing in rat tibia), under the conditions stated herein, was found to enhance peri-implant lamellar bone volume compared with sham-treated animals. CONCLUSION: The use of a device generating a positive/negative electrical field resulted in the presence of woven bone.

• Pulling out, extraction or avulsion?

  Authors: David M Dohan Ehrenfest, Lydia Vazquez

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):4.

• A two-stage full-arch ridge expansion technique: review of the literature and clinical guidelines.

  Authors: Nicolas Elian, Ziad Jalbout, Brian Ehrlich, Anthony Classi, Sang-Choon Cho, Fahad Al-Kahtani, Stuart Froum, Dennis P Tarnow

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):16-23.

  Ridge expansion techniques have been acknowledged to offer several advantages in the correction of ridge deformities. The expanded defect heals in a similar manner to an extraction socket. InRidge expansion techniques have been acknowledged to offer several advantages in the correction of ridge deformities. The expanded defect heals in a similar manner to an extraction socket. In selected cases patients can wear their dentures after surgery. Secondary surgical sites are not a prerequisite, and simultaneous implant placement can be achieved during ridge expansion. The limitation of this technique lies in its inability to create bone vertically. Therefore, it is not indicated for the correction of vertical defects. The application of the split ridge expansion technique has been reported in the literature as it pertains to partially edentulous deficient ridges. The purpose of this article was to present the application of the split ridge expansion technique in the fully edentulous maxilla and discuss the distinction between the immediate or one-stage approach and the delayed or two-stage approach. Histologic results are discussed. Two case reports demonstrate the results that can be obtained with this technique.

• Minor tooth movements using microimplant anchorage: case reports.

  Authors: Dong-Seok Sohn, Jung-Kwang Lee, Kyung-Mi An

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):32-9.

  For the treatment of extruded or tipped molars, various conventional techniques have been used. But those methods may lead to undesirable movement of the anchorage units and lengthen treatment timeFor the treatment of extruded or tipped molars, various conventional techniques have been used. But those methods may lead to undesirable movement of the anchorage units and lengthen treatment time because of limited tooth-borne anchorage potential. Introduction of microimplants as orthodontic anchorage has expanded treatment possibilities because of their advantages. Some advantages are a less complex surgical procedure, decrease in cost, immediate loading, and their ability to be placed in any area of the alveolar bone. This article will illustrate clinical experiences in patients who were treated with the intrusion of overerupted molars, the up-righting of tilted molars, and other clinical applications for minor tooth movements. Anchorage control was achieved with the surgical insertion of titanium microimplants for immediate loading in the alveolar bone. When needed, minimal fixed appliances were used and orthodontic treatment was completed without any other complications.

• A new transitional abutment for immediate aesthetics and function.

  Authors: Evan D Tetelman, Charles A Babbush

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):51-8.

  Maintenance of the patient's self-esteem and confidence throughout the implant-treatment process is essential. Development of a provisional prosthesis that will be stable and esthetic should beginMaintenance of the patient's self-esteem and confidence throughout the implant-treatment process is essential. Development of a provisional prosthesis that will be stable and esthetic should begin with the initial examination and should involve all members of the implant team. This article presents 3 cases that demonstrate a team-centered approach in using a poly (acrylether) ketone plastic provisional abutment (Peek). This abutment, cost-effective and easily modified, supports a transitional prosthesis that is delivered at the time of implant placement.

• A clinical comparison of prosthetic complications of implant-supported overdentures with different attachment systems.

  Authors: Cuneyt Karabuda, Mehmet Yaltirik, Mehmet Bayraktar

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):74-81.

  OBJECTIVES: The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate the prosthetic complications of patients with 2 to 4 implants splinted with a round bar or with 2 to 4 unsplinted implants with ballOBJECTIVES: The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate the prosthetic complications of patients with 2 to 4 implants splinted with a round bar or with 2 to 4 unsplinted implants with ball attachments during the follow-up period. METHODS: A total of 26 patients were included in this study. Patients were randomly provided with a round bar or with ball attachments that were used to retain overdentures. During follow-up visits, the following prosthetic complications were recorded: round bar fracture, fractured overdenture, hygiene complications, abutment screw loose, worn O-ring or replacement of O-ring attachment, and fractured retention clip. The functioning period of overdentures in the round bar group ranged from 12 to 72 months (mean 49), and from 12 to 40 months (mean 23) in the ball attachment group. RESULTS: A total of 20 prosthetic complications were recorded in both groups. No differences in prosthetic complications were observed for 2 attachment systems. CONCLUSION: Implant-supported overdentures with bar or ball attachments may be considered to be reliable methods in the treatment of the edentulous individuals.

• Surface characterization of three titanium dental implants.

  Authors: John Fandridis, Triantafillos Papadopoulos

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):91-9.

  PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate topographically and compositionally the rough surface of 3 different commercial titanium dental implants. MATERIALS: Bio Com Standard, OsseotitePURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate topographically and compositionally the rough surface of 3 different commercial titanium dental implants. MATERIALS: Bio Com Standard, Osseotite Implant, and Fixture MT Osseospeed were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. RESULTS: The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses showed that the rough surface of Bio Com Standard presents numerous impressions superimposed by sharp pits, of Osseotite Implant many discrete sharp pits, and of Fixture MT Osseospeed a mixed feature appearance. The energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the rough implant surfaces revealed a small trace of Si found on the surface of Osseotite Implant. Fixture MT Osseospeed showed a nonhomogeneous distribution of the detected elements. CONCLUSION: The examined implants had a different rough surface topography, which was directly dependent on the type of treatment used. The differences concerning the surface morphology were leading in a characteristic nanotopography, which might influence the biologic activities at the implant-tissue interface. Surface oxygen concentrations also indicated differences in the oxide layer width between the examined implants, being minimal in Osseotite Implant and maximal in Fixture MT Osseospeed.

• Success rate of immediate nonfunctional loaded single-tooth implants: immediate versus delayed implantation.

  Authors: Fernando Salimon Ribeiro, Ana Emília Farias Pontes, Elcio Marcantonio, Adriano Piattelli, Rodolfo Jorge Boeck Neto

  Implant dentistry. 17(1):109-17.

  PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of maxillary immediate nonfunctional single-tooth loaded implants used into fresh extraction sites (immediate placement condition) orPURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of maxillary immediate nonfunctional single-tooth loaded implants used into fresh extraction sites (immediate placement condition) or healed ridge (delayed placement condition). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-two dental implants were placed in the maxilla of 64 consecutive patients from private practice office and from a specialization course in Implantology. Forty-six implants were inserted under immediate placement condition, and 36 were inserted under delayed placement condition. The criteria used to evaluate success rate were those previously described by Albrektsson and Zarb (Int J Prosthodont. 1993;6:95-105), and follow-up period ranged from 18.0 to 39.7 months. RESULTS: Seventy-nine implants fulfilled the success rate criteria (96.3%). Moreover, differences concerning implantation condition were not significant (P = 0.33, Qui-square test): three of the failed implants were from immediate placement group (success rate of 93.5%), and none was from delayed placement group (success rate of 100.0%). CONCLUSION: In the present sample, no statistically significant differences were detected for immediate nonfunctional single-tooth loaded implants under immediate placement condition in comparison with those inserted under delayed placement condition; both protocols had high success rate in maxillary incisors, canines, and premolars areas.

• No excuses: continuing education.

  Authors: Morton L Perel

  Implant dentistry. 16(4):327.

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