Russian Journal of Genetics (RUSS J GENET+)

Publications in this journal

• Article: Mapping of meiotic genes in rye (Secale cereale L.): Localization of sy18 mutation with impaired homologous synapsis using microsatellite markers

  T. V. Dolmatovich, S. V. Malyshev, S. P. Sosnikhina, N. V. Tsvetkova, N. A. Kartel, A. V. Voylokov
  Russian Journal of Genetics 04/2013; 49(4):411-416.
• Article: The Spectrum of CLCN1 Gene Mutations in Patients with Nondystrophic Thomsen’s and Becker’s Myotonias

  E. A. Ivanova a, E. L. Dadali a, V. P. Fedotov b, S. A. Kurbatov b, G. E. Rudenskaya a, T. N. Proskokova c, and A. V. Polyakov
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  ABSTRACT: Thomsen’s and Becker’s diseases are the most prevalent nondystrophic myotonias. Their fre� quency varies, according to different sources, from 1 : 100000 to 1 : 10000. Thomsen’s myotonia is autosomal dominant, and Becker’s myotonia is autosomal recessive. Both diseases result from mutations of the CLCN1 gene encoding chloride ion channels of skeletal muscles. Molecular genetic analysis of the CLCN1 gene has been performed in patients with diagnoses of nondystrophic Thomsen’s and Becker’s myotonias living in the Russian Federation. A sample of 79 unrelated probands with nondystrophic Thomsen’s and Becker’s myoto� nias and 44 their relatives has been formed in the Laboratory of DNA Diagnosis of the Medical Genetic Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Forty CLCN1 gene mutations have been found in a total of 118 chromosomes of 66 probands, including 21 familial and 45 sporadic cases. About half the mutations detected (45%) have been found for the first time; they are not described in the SNP database (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The following mutations (substitutions) have been detected in more than one chromo� some, accounting for a total of 59.3% of chromosomes with mutations: Gly190Ser (5.9%), c.1437_1450del14 (9.3%), Ala493Glu (5.1%), Thr550Met (3.4%), Tyr686Stop (5.1%), and Arg894Stop (30.5%).
  Russian Journal of Genetics 02/2013; 48(9):952-961.
• Article: Study of Regeneration in Amphibians in Age of Molecular- Genetic Approaches and Methods

  E. N. Grigoryan, Yu. V. Markitantova, P. P. Avdonin, E. A. Radugina
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  ABSTRACT: The results of molecular-genetic mechanisms of regeneration in amphibians are reviewed. Based on the examples of traditional and well-studied models of the restoration of the retinas and lenses of eyes, as well as limbs and tails in amphibians, we analyze the current state of regeneration problems and questions linked to cell reprogramming, growth, and morphogenesis. The development of the Kol’tsov school of thought in the age of molecular-genetic approaches and methods are monitored. The contemporary interpretation of organ regeneration in terms of molecular-genetic regulation and a new look at the definition of regeneration as repeated development is proposed. We also emphasize the current problems that exist in that field of developmental biology and are caused by the many difficulties of genome sequencing and the introduction of transgenesis in Urodela, the animal species with the highest regeneration abilities.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 01/2013; 49(1):46-62.
• Article: Effect of mutations in lawc/Trf2 gene on the chromocenter formation and the chromosome segregation in Drosophila melanogaster

  Yu. E. Vorontsova, R. O. Cherezov, O. B. Simonova
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  ABSTRACT: In Drosophila, one of the genes of the lawc/Trf2 (leg–arista–wing complex/TBP-related factor 2) complex encodes an alternative basic transcription factor (homologous to the TRF2 protein in vertebrates and human) and belongs to a conservative Tbp (TATA box-binding protein) gene family. In the present study, reasons for the high frequency of chromosome nondisjunction were studied among descendants of mutants from 18 lines with a decreased expression of the TRF2 protein. It was determined that the suppression of the TRF2 expression violates the development of a compact chromocenter and the correct approach of homologous chromosomes (in both germinative and somatic cells). The possibility of the participation of TRF2 in the evolutionary genetically programmed process of sex-ratio meiotic drive, which is typical of a number of animal species, is discussed.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 01/2013; Vol. 49(No. 6):pp. 577–587.
• Article: Drosophila melanogaster as a model for studying the function of animal viral proteins

  L. V. Omel’yanchuk, O. S. Yudina
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  ABSTRACT: Studies in which Drosophila melanogaster individuals carrying transgenes of animal viruses were used to analyze the action of animal viral proteins on the cell are reviewed. The data presented suggest that host specificity of viruses is determined by their proteins responsible for the penetration of the virus into the cell, while viral proteins responsible for interactions with the host cell are much less host-specific. Due to this, the model of Drosophila with its developed system of searching for genetic interactions can be used to find intracellular targets for the action of viral proteins of the second group.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 47(7):765-769.
• Article: Allozyme variation of seed embryos and mating system in relict populations of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the Kremenets Hill Ridge and Maloe Poles’e

  I. I. Korshikov, L. A. Kalafat, A. N. Lisnichuk, T. I. Velicoridko, E. A. Mudrik
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  ABSTRACT: Allozyme variation at ten polymorphic loci and mating system was studied in three small isolated relict populations (4.4 to 22 ha) and in three artificial stands of Pinus sylvestris from the Kremenets Hill Ridge and Maloe Poles’e. It was established that the mean heterozygosity of 130 to 140 year-old trees from natural populations (H O = 0.288; H E = 0.277) was substantially lower, compared to 30 to 40 year-old trees from artificial stands (H O = 0.358; H E = 0.330). The observed heterozygosity of seed embryos (H O = 0.169 and 0.180) was substantially lower than of the mature trees from populations and artificial stands, respectively. In the embryo samples, irrespectively of the forest stand origin, substantial hetedrozygote deficiency was observed (at six to eight loci), compared to the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The proportion of cross pollination in the populations and artificial stands was low, t m = 0.588 to 0.721; and t m = 0.455 to 0.837, respectively.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 47(7):829-835.
• Article: A search for high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin from Triticum timopheevi Zhuk. in the lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Triticum timopheevi Zhuk.)

  L. V. Obukhova, E. B. Budashkina, V. K. Shumny
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  ABSTRACT: The study is a continuation of investigation of prolamins in brown rust-resistant introgressive lines of common wheat, produced with participation of Triticum timopheeevi Zhuk. [1]. Two wheat lines with a substitution of the Glu-1 loci of T. timopheevi were identified. Line 684 had high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits encoded by 1Ax, as well as by 1Ay gene, which was silent in commercial lines. It was demonstrated that line 684 could serve as a source of the Glu-A t 1 locus. Line 186 carried the Glu-B1/Glu-G1 substitution. Comparative analysis of storage proteins from the introgression lines of common wheat Triticum aestivum L. with those from parental forms demonstrated polymorphism among the lines, resulted from natural varietal polymorphism, and introgression of the Glu-3 and Gli-1 loci from the genome of T. timopheevi.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 45(9):1139-1142.
• Article: Allele polymorphism of microsatellite loci in pea Pisum sativum L. lines, varieties, and mutants

  O. P. Dribnokhodova, S. A. Gostimsky
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  ABSTRACT: Interlinear polymorphism at 23 microsatellite loci was studied in 40 Pisum sativum lines, varieties, and mutants and proved to be high, 61.6% on average. Varieties bred for different end uses substantially differed in the extent of polymorphism and allele composition. Polymorphism of microsatellite loci was shown to be suitable for developing passports of industrial pea varieties.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 45(7):788-793.
• Article: Preferential elimination of chromosome 5R of rye in the progeny of 5R5D dimonosomics

  O. G. Silkova, I. N. Leonova, N. M. Krasilova, N. I. Dubovets
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  ABSTRACT: Transmission of chromosome 5R of rye (Secale cereale L.) and chromosome 5D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through gametes of 5R5D dimonosomics (2n = 42, 20W″ + 5R′ + 5D′) was studied. Chromosome 5R was found to have lower competitiveness as compared to 5D. Gametes with the rye chromosome were two times less often involved in the formation of a progeny. The combined frequency of the karyotypes of wheat (5D5D) and wheat monosomics (5D) was 11.6-fold higher than the frequency of the karyotypes of substitution lines (5R5R) and monosomics for the rye chromosome (5R). The karyotypes of 10.38% of hybrid plants had aberrant 5R chromosomes with different translocations formed as a result of breakages in the centromere and in the proximal region of the long arm. Telocentrics for the short arm t5RS, i5RS isochromosomes, and chromosomes with a terminal deletion T5RS.5RL-del were identified. The absence of amplification of SSR markers mapped on 5RS and the detection of PCR products for a number of 5RL markers (including the genome-specific rye marker Xrms115) permitted nine plants carrying only the long arm of chromosome 5R to be revealed. Since t5RL telocentrics were not detected by the cytological analysis, the results obtained allow us to suggest the presence of small intercalary translocations of the long arm of chromosome 5R in chromosome 5D or in other wheat chromosomes.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 47(8):942-950.
• Article: The influence of morphogene Wg on the formation of an ectopic eye in Drosophila melanogaster

  S. A. Kopyl, T. D. Dubatolova, E. I. Volkova, E. V. Marilovtseva, L. V. Omel’yanchuk
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  ABSTRACT: Due to the ectopic expression of the ey gene in the wing imaginal disc under the action of the 1096-Gal4 driver, a part of the wing disc cells change their fate and become eye cells. Ectopic eyes are induced in definite regions of the wing disc and form a stable pattern on the wing of an adult fly. Here, we have shown that the ectopic expression of Wg inhibits the formation of ectopic eyes, and conversely the expression of Wg is reduced in the sites of ectopic Ey expression. Experiments with overexpression of the vesicular traffic protein Hrs capable of inhibiting the Wg signaling agree with the notion on antagonism of Wg and Ey in ectopic eyes. Our results confirm that the processes of formation of normal and ectopic eyes are principally similar with regard to genetic control.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 47(8):907-911.
• Article: Karelian birch (Betula pendula Roth. var. carelica Merkl.) as a model for studying genetic and epigenetic variation related to the formation of patterned wood

  O. S. Mashkina, A. K. Butorina, T. M. Tabatskaya
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  ABSTRACT: The results of long-term pioneering studies on in vitro micropropagation of Karelian birch patterned forms and simultaneous cytological analysis of plants multiplied using different periods of in vitro culturing are published for the first time. The patterned wood character has been shown to be correlated with the degree of mixoploidy of its somatic tissue, which is higher in the plants obtained from callus cultures during the first years of culturing. Subsequent intracellular selection leads to a decrease in mixoploidy and, hence, in a later expression and lower expressivity of the patterned wood character in regenerant plants. It is also known that extreme growth conditions stimulate the formation of patterned wood. Thus, Karelian birch may serve as a model object for studying the forms of variability (both genetic and epigenetic) that result in patterned wood. The genetic variability is expressed in the variation of the degree of mixoploidy of somatic tissue as a result of various mitotic aberrations. The epigenetic variability is not related to changes in the DNA structure; it is caused by different phenotypic effects of genes located in cells with different ploidy/aneuploidy levels, the ratio between which varies depending on the environmental conditions. The expression of genes, in particular, rRNA genes, is affected by extreme conditions. The appearance of a residual nucleolus at the mitotic metaphase-telophase stages is a cytological expression of this phenomenon.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 47(8):951-957.
• Article: Genetic and morphological variation in a partially isolated population of Caucasian shrew Sorex satunini (Mammalia)

  O. O. Grigoryeva, V. B. Sycheva
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  ABSTRACT: Morphological and genetic variation at microsatellite loci of Caucasian shrew Sorex satunini Ogn. is examined and compared with that of the common shrew S. araneus L. Genetic distance at microsatellite loci between the common shrew and Caucasian shrew proved to be threefold higher than between chromosome races of the common shrew. The Caucasian shrew manifested low polymorphism in studies of both microsatellites and morphometric mandibular traits. The heterozygote deficit was also typical. These properties may be a consequence of partial isolation of the population and gene drift.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 47(9):1132-1135.
• Article: Variability and phylogenetic relationships of the Cucumis sativus L. species inferred from NBS-profiling and RAPD analysis

  S. V. Goryunova, I. V. Gashkova, G. A. Kosareva
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  ABSTRACT: Genetic variability of the Cucumis sativus species and its phylogenetic relationsips with other species of the genus were studied on the basis of RAPD marking and analysis of intra- and interspecific polymorphism of the nucleotide sequences of the NBS-LRR gene family in species of the genus Cucumis with the use of the NBS-profiling method. According to RAPD analysis, cucumber cultivars from different geographic regions are highly similar, except for accessions k-3835 and k-3833 from Afghanistan. NBS-profiling analysis revealed phylogenetically most distinct accessions expected to be characterized by specificity of resistance: k-3845 from Uzbekistan, k-3851 from Kyrgyzstan, line 701, k-3835 and k-3833 from Afghanistan, k-2757 and k-3079 from Netherlands, vr.k. 908 from Canada, k-2926 from Bulgaria, Russian cultivars Monastyrskii, Izyashchnyi, and Lel’. Three essentially different groups of species were distinguished, and the C. sativus species (subgenus Cucumis) was found to be distant from the species belonging to the subgenus Melo.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 47(8):931-941.
• Article: Inhibition of DD2R gene expression in the corpus allatum activates alkaline phosphatase in female Drosophila melanogaster

  E. V. Bogomolova, N. V. Adon’eva, N. V. Faddeeva, N. E. Gruntenko, I. Yu. Raushenbakh
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  ABSTRACT: Tissue-specific inhibition of the expression of the D2-like dopamine receptor gene (DD2R) in the corpus allatum (CA), which is a gland that synthesizes the juvenile hormone (JH), was tested for effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the intensity of the ALP response to heat stress (stress reactivity) in female Drosophila melanogaster. ALP activity and ALP stress reactivity in transgenic females with lower DD2R expression in the CA were higher than in control flies. A pharmacological elevation in JH increased ALP activity in females of the control strains. DD2R was assumed to mediate the inhibitory effect of dopamine of JH synthesis in the CA of D. melanogaster.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 47(4):489-491.
• Article: Gene pool differentiation between altaic and trotting horse breeds inferred from ISSR PCR marker data

  A. V. Pheophilov, N. V. Barducov, V. I. Glazko
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  ABSTRACT: Using ISSR PCR marker data, comparative analysis of the gene pools of Altaic and trotting horse breeds was carried out. Horse groups of different origin demonstrated differences in amplification spectra of DNA fragments flanked by inverted repeats of four microsatellites. Combinations of certain DNA fragments present in these profiles reproducibly distinguished genomes of the Altaic breed from the trotting breeds. Genetic differentiation between some trotting breeds, based on Nei genetic distance values, was found to be comparable to that between the groups of horses of Altaic breed from two different farms.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 47(9):1091-1095.
• Article: Genetic specifics of the breeding of cotton varieties with cleistogamous flowers

  T. I. Muhiddinov
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  ABSTRACT: As a prerequisite to studying the genetics and breeding of chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers, a preliminary experiment was performed to estimate the extent of cross-pollination in cotton varieties and hybrids. Vicinism estimates varied from 0.53 to 15.36%, i.e., the proportion of cross-pollination was relatively high, leading to a biological contamination. As a result of such contamination, genetic collection lines and varieties lose genetic homogeneity and become heterozygous and genetically heterogeneous. The genetic control of the flower type was studied in the Gossipium hirsutum L. × G. barbadense L. interspecific hybrids, and phenotypic segregation of the 3: 1 and 15: 1 types with monogenic (3: 1) and digenic (15: 1) differences of noncumulative polymerization was observed. The corresponding types of genotypic segregation were 1: 2: 1 (1Cg 1 Cg 1 cg 2 cg 2 : 2Cg 1 cg 1 cg 2 cg 2 : 1cg 1 cg 1 cg 2 cg 2 ) and 1: 2: 2: 4: 1: 2: 1: 2: 1 (1) Cg 1 Cg 1 Cg 2 Cg 2 -1; (2) Cg 1 Cg 1 cg 2 cg 2 -2; (3) Cg 1 cg 1 Cg 2 Cg 2 -2; (4) Cg 1 cg 1 Cg 2 cg 2-4; (5) Cg 1 Cg 1 cg 2 cg 2 -1; (6) Cg 1 cg 1 cg 2 cg 2 -2; (7) cg 1 cg 1 Cg 2 Cg 2-1; (8) cg 1 cg 1 Cg 2 cg 2 -2; (9) cg 1 cg 1 cg 2 cg 2 -1. Genotypes (1)–(8) had chasmogamous flowers, while double-recessive genotype (9) had cleistogamous flowers. Based on this, genotypes with individual phenotypic expression were identified in F2, and their correlation with the most important morphological, biological, and agricultural features was studied. Special attention was paid to the productivity of hybrid plants intended for use in breeding to obtain intensive varieties. The study made it possible to isolate forms, families, genetic collection lines, and varieties with isogenic or nonisogenic determination of these characters and chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers of G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. prototypes by using original methods to examine the two types of flowers; the methods do not have analogs in cotton breeding worldwide.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 46(6):689-698.
• Article: Genetic variation in Ural populations of the rare plant species Adenophora lilifolia (L.) DC. on the basis of analysis of polymorphism of ISSR markers

  S. V. Boronnikova
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  ABSTRACT: The genetic variation in four populations of Adenophora lilifolia (L.) DC., a rare plant species of the Perm region, was analyzed using 56 ISSR markers. The characteristics of DNA polymorphism and population genetic diversity were determined. These data demonstrate a high level of DNA polymorphism (P 95 = 82.14%). The studied A. lilifolia populations are weakly differentiated; the intrapopulation variation is the main contributor to the genetic variation.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 45(5):571-574.
• Article: Biometric-genetic analysis of genotype dissimilarity in diallel crosses of spring wheat

  A. V. Smiryaev, V. V. Pyl’nev
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  ABSTRACT: A new biometric-genetic model and parameters described in [2] have been used for analysis of pair dissimilarity between spring wheat cultivars and F1 hybrids obtained by diallel crossing. The dissimilarity between shape of the reactions of different genotypes estimated by a growth trait (plant height) served as a metric. The mode of inheritance of dissimilarity has been determined, and the cultivars that are the most dissimilar in allelic composition have been detected.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 44(2):234-239.
• Article: Cell estimates of genetic damage repair under the epigenetic effect of the rad201(G1) mutation in Drosophila

  L. V. Kotlovanova, E. R. Varentsova, S. V. Sarantseva, Yu. M. Khromykh
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  ABSTRACT: Cell estimates of genetic damage repair were obtained to characterize the epigenetic effect of the rad201(G1) mutation. The estimates included morphological defects (malformations); the frequency of chromosome aberrations in somatic cells; and somatic mosaicism, reflecting double-strand break repair via conversion. The range and frequency of malformations significantly differed between the rad201(G1) epigenetic effect and irradiation. A high pupal lethality, detected upon P-element mobilization, was not associated with an increase in the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations, while somatic mosaicism was far greater. The results are discussed in the context of differences between radiation and P-element mutagenesis.
  Russian Journal of Genetics 05/2012; 44(3):301-305.