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Publications in this journal

• Ethical research with participants who are deaf.

  Authors: Roz Dixon

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

  When conducting research with participants who are deaf there is a range of potential issues to be considered: issues relating to language and communication, participants' past experience andWhen conducting research with participants who are deaf there is a range of potential issues to be considered: issues relating to language and communication, participants' past experience and culture, and the potential power imbalance between researcher and participant. From an ethical perspective these may compromise informed consent and confidentiality, may inadvertently result in deception and may interfere with the validity of the data. The consequences may be negative for both the deaf population and the research community. This paper highlights the issues that arose in four studies with participants who were deaf and discusses the extent to which the measures taken were effective.

• Bioethics under the Tuscan sun.

  Authors: Donatella Lippi, Mario Milco D'Elios, Marisa Benagiano, Gian Franco Gensini

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Opinions of research participants about study paperwork.

  Authors: Gay Walker, Beverly de Valois, Raten Davies, Teresa Young, Jane Maher

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Notes from an ethics fellowship.

  Authors: Ranjana Srivastana

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• The ethical governance and regulation of student projects: a draft proposal.

  Authors: L Doyal

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• University research ethics committees: their role, remit and conduct.

  Authors: A Tinker, V Coomber

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Ethical and legal issues in caring for asylum seekers and refugees in the UK.

  Authors: M Hamill, L McDonald, G Brook, S Murphy

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

  Inward migration to the UK remains topical and controversial as numbers continue to increase. Many immigrants have specific health care needs and may shoulder a large burden of infectious disease.Inward migration to the UK remains topical and controversial as numbers continue to increase. Many immigrants have specific health care needs and may shoulder a large burden of infectious disease. Imposition of legal constraints can have a huge impact on the medical care afforded to immigrants. Currently UK policy is to treat, free of charge and with NHS resources, those who fulfil specific criteria. However an increasing number are being asked to pay for their treatment. Many health care professionals are confused as to current legal restrictions and require guidance on the associated ethical issues. We concentrate on provision of care to HIV positive individuals and use cases to illustrate some of the issues. However these issues are equally pertinent to practitioners in all branches of medicine.

• Ethical issues in non-heart-beating donation.

  Authors: Vassilios Papalois, Konstantinos Vlachos, Alexander Barlas, Zaki Anas Zarka, Adil El-Tayar, Nadey S Hakim

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

  A shortage of organ donors and the large number of patients desperately waiting for kidney transplant have led to the search for new sources of transplantable organs. The waiting list has grown at anA shortage of organ donors and the large number of patients desperately waiting for kidney transplant have led to the search for new sources of transplantable organs. The waiting list has grown at an alarming rate resulting in increased waiting times and deaths. The introduction of non heart beating (NHB) donation programmes generates a lot of ethical issues. How should death of a patient be defined in the case of NHB donation? Is there a strict separation of responsibilities of the medical teams in the different phases of the procedure (patient treatment and actual donation)? How should consent be obtained? Is sufficient respect and care given to the patient and his family? How is the viability of the organs assessed and how should the organs be allocated? We believe that it is very important to debate these issues and to try to outline an ethical framework for NHB donation that can enjoy the widest possible community support.

• Pro-choice living wills.

  Authors: Michael Irwin

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• A medical student's experience of being taught medical ethics.

  Authors: Claire Bayntun

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• The ethics of medical research: a Christian view.

  Authors: Gonzalo Herranz

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• The medical profession, patients and society: a situation report from Hungary.

  Authors: Erzsebet Kapocsi

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Arrested--for showing compassion?

  Authors: Michael Irwin

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• No need for specialist children's RECs?

  Authors: Peter Rogan

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Donor insemination: the secret experiment.

  Authors: Rupert Rushbrooke

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

  This paper gives an overview of the research that has been done into people created by donor insemination (DI) (note 1), shows how the secretive way DI is carried out makes objective knowledge ofThis paper gives an overview of the research that has been done into people created by donor insemination (DI) (note 1), shows how the secretive way DI is carried out makes objective knowledge of their situation impossible to obtain and describes how doctors support this secrecy. It argues that DI is a social experiment whose potential justifications are implicit theories that have either been falsified or are unfalsifiable, and that consequently DI is conducted unscientifically and unethically. In conclusion, it questions the integrity of the industry and the institutions that support it, and considers where we should go from here.

• Hungarian nurses' attitudes to euthanasia.

  Authors: Ilona Palfi, Bela Blasszauer

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

  This paper reports a questionnaire survey of the attitudes of a representative sample of Hungarian nurses towards euthanasia.

• Global bioethics and European cultures.

  Authors: Christian Byk

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Research participant information sheets are difficult to read.

  Authors: Linda Franck, Ira Winter

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

  Written information for potential research participants should be easy to read to enable comprehension and facilitate informed choices. We conducted an analysis of the parent information sheets forWritten information for potential research participants should be easy to read to enable comprehension and facilitate informed choices. We conducted an analysis of the parent information sheets for 74 research studies involving children. Readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score. The mean FRE was 53.54 (reading age of 15.88 years) and FRE did not differ based on study characteristics. These findings suggest that the reading level of research participant information sheets is above recommended levels. Researchers should routinely compute the reading ease of study information sheets and make greater efforts to improve readability of written documents for potential participants.

• Research ethics committees and conflicts of interest.

  Authors: Linnie Price

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Using empirical data: recommendations for the use of empirical data in bioethics and the regulation of biotechnology.

  Authors: Louise Irving, Soren Holm

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Why we should not permit embryos to be selected as tissue donors.

  Authors: David King

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Lessons from cadaveric research in the UK.

  Authors: John Mountney, Jill Parnham

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• An ethics committee reflects; and research in the place where you work--some responses.

  Authors: Hal Westhead, Julienne Meyer

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

• Current practice for obtaining consent in UK neonatal units.

  Authors: Savitha Shenoy, Carmel Archdeacon, Sailesh Kotecha, Alun C Elias-Jones

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

  Working practice in neonatal units, like other medical and surgical specialties, is undergoing drastic changes to incorporate current legal and ethical requirements. We surveyed the current workingWorking practice in neonatal units, like other medical and surgical specialties, is undergoing drastic changes to incorporate current legal and ethical requirements. We surveyed the current working practices of 60 neonatal units in this country. Consent appeared to be implied for routine procedures. Variable rates of consent were reported for specialised interventions and the surgical team was consistently involved in obtaining consent for all surgical procedures. There is great variation in practices for seeking consent in neonatal units in this country.

• Adapting biotechnology to culture and values. International Conference On Ethics: How To Adapt Biotechnology To Culture And Values, Beirut, Lebanon, March 1-2, 2003.

  Authors: Hamid K Ahmed

  Bulletin of medical ethics.

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