Histoire des sciences médicales (Hist Sci Med)

Publications in this journal

• Article: De la pendaison à la rééducation motrice

  Jacques Monet, Grégory Quin
  Histoire des sciences médicales 01/2012; 46(3):235-244.
• Article: Le médecin guarissant phantassie, purgeant aussi par drogues la folie

  Jacqueline Vons
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  ABSTRACT: The Musée Rolin of Autun, Burgondy (France) owns an interesting and rather large picture, entitled Le médecin guarissant phantassie, purgeant aussi par drogues la folie ; it was originally painted on wood and was used as a shop- sign at the Cosseret Pharmacy, at 20 Grand Rue Chauchien, Autun, from the beginning of the XVIIth century to 1897. A naive description, the same that might have been by the clients, gives more fright than trust in the treatments on display. In the background, before rows of bottles, a medical action that looks like a purge is in progress. In the foreground a torture scene must be interpreted… The juxtaposition and alteration of traditional medical elements tend to spread confusion in the spectator’s mind and introduce him into a world where reality is disturbed. This communication aims at showing that this picture about evacuation of madness has a medical sens consists in showing that this icon of the evacuation of madness refers to medical theories, from Galen to Vesalius, and is a satirical representation of quacks’practices.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 01/2010; 44 (2):121-129.
• Article: [The cabinet of medical waxes of wax-modeler J. F. Bertrand of Paris (end of the 18th, beginning of the 19th centuries)].

  J M Le Minor
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1999; 33(3):275-86.
• Article: [Tholozan and plague in Persia].

  H H Mollaret
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  ABSTRACT: In Persia since 1858, Tholozan studied between 1870 and 1882 the plague foci of the iranian Kurdistan which shall be dealt a century later (1947-1963) with Dr. M. Baltazard and his co-workers from the Pasteur Institute of Teheran. Tholozan had already pointed out the localization of the disease in some well defined villages and gave a good clinical description mentioning the traces of flea bites on the patients skin. One knows nowadays that wild rodents (Meriones) are the storing places of the plague bacilli in the Kurdistan. Tholozan's observations confirmed by modern ones allow to consider him a great loïmologist of modern times.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 10/1998; 32(3):297-300.
• Article: [Joseph Désiré Tholozan and the Persian relapsing fever].

  F Rodhain
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  ABSTRACT: In the year 1879, Tholozan seems to have been convinced of the danger caused by the bites of ornithodores in Persia, as a result of very careful observations of sick persons suffering from iranian relapsing fever due to Borrelia persica. Among the ticks collected by him and sent to entomologists in France was the true vector, named Argas (presently Ornithodoros) tholozani by Laboulbene and Megnin. Tholozan's contribution to our knowledge on persian relapsing fever is really important. He was one of the first to provide a good clinical description of the disease and to involve an argasid tick in its transmission. He discovered the real vector species which is now called after him.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 10/1998; 32(3):309-13.
• Article: [The origins of Doctor Joseph Désiré Tholozan (1820-1897)].

  G Boulinier
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  ABSTRACT: In this paper the author examines the geographical and familial origins of Dr. Tholozan which contributed to the orientation of his career and future preoccupations. To begin, he evokes a first cousin of his father: Dr. Andre Francois Cauviere (1780-1858), a well known personality in Marseille, whose family originated from the Var department and whose influence on Tholozan seems to have been decisive. The Tholozan themselves came from a village near Embrun (Hautes-Alpes) where they were craftsmen and merchants. Tholozan's father married in Toulon a miss Amic. Her family included various tradesmen settled overseas. It is probably these familial relations which incited the couple to sail to the Indian Ocean. There, six years after his parents' marriage, was born Joseph Desire on the tiny atoll of Diego Garcia, a remote dependency of Mauritius. Later his family having returned to Marseille to live there, it is in this city at the side of Dr. Cauviere who distinguished himself during the cholera epidemics that the future physician will carry out a part of his medical studies before ending them in Paris.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 10/1998; 32(3):269-77.
• Article: [Epidemiology and prophylaxis for cholera as seen by Tholozan].

  B Brisou
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  ABSTRACT: From 1817 to 1896, the whole world was scared to death, not once but five times, by pandemic cholera. In 1849, when France is affected by the first wave of the third pandemic, Joseph, Desire Tholozan is professor Michel Levy's clinical assistant, at the Val-de-Grace hospital. From this period, Tholozan, an editor of la Gazette medicale de Paris, applies himself to specify its pathology and especially its epidemiology. He pays particularly attention to get accurate statistics and he is on cholera's tracks, as well in French towns as during Crimean' war. From 1858, as the Persian Shah's physician, he sets up a real medical department in his adopted country. Pragmatic as he is, he recommends to encourage general public health, advocates pilgrimage controls or even pilgrimage suppressions, sometimes. He always remains very doubtful towards measures imposed by International health conferences as the Constantinople's one, in 1866. And if there is any quarantine required, it must be started by natives and not by occidental physicians unaware of language and customs. His definite positions will make him disclaimed by the Shah: he is obliged to resign six months before he would die.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 10/1998; 32(3):301-8.
• Article: [The neurological illness of Maurice Ravel].

  E Baeck
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(2):123-8.
• Article: [Alexis Carrel: the hoax- 2].

  C Vanderpooten
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(2):183-94.
• Article: [Bismarck and the German example of social security in the final third of the 19th century].

  L Boulle
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  ABSTRACT: Bismarck had important power from 1863 to 1890, His personality is sketched briefly. His social insurance is checked. They are a success and a pattern for Europe at the end of XIXth century.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(2):147-50.
• Article: [Plantin's medical editions].

  J P Tricot
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(2):133-8.
• Article: [Paleopathology of the relics of Saint Albert of Louvain].

  A Segal
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  ABSTRACT: The author recounts St. Albert of Lowen's story who was slaughtered in Reims in 1192 and after buried inside the cathedral's nave. During 1612, at request of the Archduke and Archduchess of Brabant, the King of France and the Reims Archbishop conceded the translation of the relics to Brussels. However an error on the burial place was revealed more ever by the consequences of the Great War. Indeed, the architect Henri Deneux found the genuine tomb of Albert of Lowen. The Belgian people had received the mortal remains of Archbishop Odalric about who skull examination indicated also a traumatic lesion but the death circumstances are ignored. The error of the Reims Cathedral's Canons may be explained by various modifications and above the later transformation, particularly those of the rood-screen.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(2):115-22.
• Article: [Cardiac massage: the evolution of techniques].

  P Leveau
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  ABSTRACT: Up to the 19th century, reanimation of persons apparently dead just included respiratory managing. Cardiac reanimation was born with the accession to anesthesia and their severe cardiac complications. Although closed-chest cardiac massage had been described from the outset of our century, bloody techniques of direct cardiac massage was especially used until the end of the fifties. Methodically, Kouvenhoven has demonstrated closed-chest cardiac massage effectiveness, and has known to lay down this technique in cardiac reanimation.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(2):151-60.
• Article: [On Ambroise Paré: his adversaries, his enemies].

  P Dumaitre
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(2):203-10.
• Article: [Tholozan: military physician].

  J L Plessis, J Theodorides
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  ABSTRACT: Born in 1820 Joseph-Desire Tholozan joined in 1841 as "chirurgien sous-aide auxiliaire" the French military Health Service, being still a medical student in Marseille where the School of Medicine was directed by his uncle F. Cauviere. He was later appointed at the hospital of Bastia, obtained his M.D. (Paris 1843), went back to Marseille and later to Metz (1845) and Paris, at the Val-de-Grace (1846-47). He returned there as assistant physician (1851) and later as professor "agrege" of Medicine (1852), his agregation thesis devoted to hematology being presided by Andral. Tholozan later participated to the Crimean war (1854-55) during which he performed important observations on infectious diseases (cholera, dysentery, typhus, typhoid fever) or deficiency ones (scurvy, acrodynia). An unpublished report given here deals with a probable epidemic of murine typhus occurring in soldiers returning from Crimea on an American ship which had been used to transport horses. Promoted first class major physician (1857) Tholozan was chosen in 1858 by the French ministry of Foreign Affairs to become the physician of the Shah of Persia, Nasreddin Shah. In this country where he remained until his death (1897) he will have a threefold activity as organizer of the medical teaching, epidemiologist (of plague and cholera) and as a surgeon. Principal first class physician (the equivalent of Physician-Colonel) in 1868, he was definitely dismissed from the Army in 1880.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(3):279-86.
• Article: [Was Claude Bernard an atheist?].

  V Donnet
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  ABSTRACT: During his stay at Villefranche-sur-Saône College, Claude Bernard became acquainted with Ferdinand Donnet, appointed a short while ago, priest of the Parish. This priest became Cardinal and carried out his apostolate at Bordeaux for 47 years. 40 years after their meeting at Villefranche, Cardinal Donnet and Claude Bernard found again each other as "Sénateurs d'Empire" in Paris. In his writings, Claude Bernard never mentioned Religion: he rather gave impression, in many ways, of being anticlerical! Paul Bert and his colleagues looked upon Claude Bernard as a great priest of atheism. Shortly after his death, Cardinal Donnet wrote a letter where he entirely proved that Claude Bernard has been, on the contrary, a fervent catholic.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(1):51-5.
• Article: [Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), the founder of contemporary embryology].

  I Käbin
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(1):57-62.
• Article: [Illegal practice in Brittany at the end of the 18th century].

  X Deltombe
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  ABSTRACT: As many other people during 18th century last decades, Mr. Massay practiced illegal medicine. That proceeding provided him a lot of complaints and, then, the Parliament of Britanny brought a lawsuit against him. Our purpose is to state specifically how he was a quack though his therapy looks in a way like an accurate one.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(2):175-81.
• Article: [Eugene de Séré (1828-1870), inventor of the electric lancet].

  A Segal, J J Ferrandis
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  ABSTRACT: The authors relate chiefly medical-officer Eugene de Sere's military career, particuliarly some parts of his work: the invention of a galvano-cautery, an electric cutter including a scale which allows to change current strength whether it is needing to cut flesh or to coagulate blood. That instrument is the forerunner of every modern one.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(3):255-64.
• Article: [The law of 30 November 1892].

  B Hoerni
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  ABSTRACT: The law of 30th November 1892 abolished the situation of "officiers de santé", gave medical doctors the monopoly of the practice of medicine and sought to punish illegal practice more efficiently than in the past. The law updated the regulations concerning dentists and midwives. It gave those three professions the right set up professional associations and the responsibility of making known epidemics.
  Histoire des sciences médicales 02/1998; 32(1):63-7.