Addictive Behaviors (ADDICT BEHAV)

Publications in this journal

• Article: Assessing the psychometric properties of smoking-related attitudes, self-efficacy, and intention among a diverse population of middle school students

  K. H. Ford, A. O. Oladapo, K. L. Sterling, P.M. Diamond, S. H. Kelder, A. McAlister
  Addictive Behaviors 03/2013;
• Article: Can you say no?: The impact of drink refusal self-efficacy on the relationship between protective behavioral strategies and drinking outcomes

  Phillip J. Ehret, Tehniat Ghaidarov, Joseph W. LaBrie
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  ABSTRACT: Preliminary research has demonstrated reductions in alcohol-related harm associated with increased use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and higher levels of drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE). To extend research that has evaluated these protective factors independently of one another, the present study examined the interactive effects of PBS use and DRSE in predicting alcohol outcomes. Participants were 1084 college students (63% female) who completed online surveys. Two hierarchical linear regression models revealed that both DRSE and PBS use predicted alcohol use and consequences. Additionally, DRSE moderated the relationship between PBS use and both typical weekly drinking and negative alcohol-related consequences, such that participants who reported lower levels of PBS use and DRSE in the social pressure or emotional regulation dimensions were at greatest risk for heavy drinking and consequences respectively. Interestingly, for those who reported higher levels of social and emotional DRSE, levels of PBS use had no impact on alcohol use or alcohol consequences respectively. These findings demonstrate that DRSE and PBS use differentially reduce risk, suggesting the utility of collegiate, alcohol harm reduction interventions that aim to both increase PBS use and bolster self-efficacy for greater harm reduction.
  Addictive Behaviors 01/2013;
• Article: Promoting new practices to increase access to and retention in addiction treatment: An analysis of five communication channels

  Kimberly A. Johnsona, JamesH. Ford IIb, Matthew McCluskeyc
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  ABSTRACT: Addiction treatment programs adopt evidence-based practices slowly, in part because adopting a new practice is a process, not an event. Using different communication channels may have a different effect at different points in the process. This paper reports the effectiveness of five communication channels in getting substance abuse treatment programs to adopt new business practices. In this study, national trade media coverage produced the greatest interest among programs and the greatest number of decisions to adopt. Conference presentations produced fewer decisions to adopt than national media, but were the most effective channel when compared to the number of programs they reached. Peers were the greatest influence in moving clinic staff from the decision to adopt to implementation. These findings give preliminary evidence for using different communication channels at different times during an effort to promote the adoption of best practices.
  Addictive Behaviors 06/2012;
• Article: Alcohol outcome expectancies and drinking to cope with social situations.

  Maureen H Carrigan, Lindsay S Ham, Suzanne E Thomas, Carrie L Randall
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  ABSTRACT: Repeated use of alcohol as a coping strategy to reduce anxiety or discomfort increases one's risk of developing alcohol dependence. Previous studies have found alcohol outcome expectancies (AOE) strongly predict drinking behavior, in general, and also are related to drinking to cope. The purpose of the current study was to examine AOE that may be related to drinking to cope with discomfort in social situations. It was hypothesized that positive AOE, especially related to assertion and tension reduction, would be most associated with drinking to cope with social situations. Fifty-six community volunteers from a larger study on attentional bias and drinking to cope were divided into high (n=36) and low (n=20) drinking to cope groups following completion of a questionnaire battery. Findings indicated AOE were well able to classify drinking to cope status, with 91% of cases correctly classified. As hypothesized, assertion and tension reduction AOE uniquely contributed to the discriminant function in classifying drinking to cope groups. These findings have implications for the prevention and treatment of alcohol use disorders and suggest that AOE should be further investigated as potential moderators of the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol use disorders.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1162-6.
• Article: Using the Timeline Followback to determine time windows representative of annual alcohol consumption with problem drinkers.

  Shervin Vakili, Linda Carter Sobell, Mark B Sobell, Edward R Simco, Sangeeta Agrawal
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  ABSTRACT: When assessing individuals with alcohol use disorders, measurement of drinking can be a resource intensive activity, particularly because many research studies report data for intervals ranging from 6 to 12 months prior to the interview. This study examined whether data from shorter assessment intervals is sufficiently representative of longer intervals to warrant the use of shorter intervals for clinical and research purposes. Participants were 825 problem drinkers (33.1% female) who were recruited through media advertisements to participate in a community-based mail intervention in Toronto, Canada. Participants' Timeline Followback (TLFB) reports of drinking were used to investigate the representativeness of different time windows for estimating annual drinking behavior. The findings suggest that for aggregated reports of drinking and with large sample (e.g., surveys), a 1-month window can be used to estimate annual consumption. For individual cases (e.g., clinical use) and smaller samples, a 3-month window is recommended. These results suggest that shorter time windows, which are more time and resource efficient, can be used with little to no loss in the accuracy of the data.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1123-30.
• Article: A natural language screening measure for motivation to change.

  William R Miller, Wendy R Johnson
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  ABSTRACT: Client motivation for change, a topic of high interest to addiction clinicians, is multidimensional and complex, and many different approaches to measurement have been tried. The current effort drew on psycholinguistic research on natural language that is used by clients to describe their own motivation. Seven addiction treatment sites participated in the development of a simple scale to measure client motivation. Twelve items were drafted to represent six potential dimensions of motivation for change that occur in natural discourse. The maximum self-rating of motivation (10 on a 0-10 scale) was the median score on all items, and 43% of respondents rated 10 on all 12 items - a substantial ceiling effect. From 1035 responses, three factors emerged representing importance, ability, and commitment - constructs that are also reflected in several theoretical models of motivation. A 3-item version of the scale, with one marker item for each of these constructs, accounted for 81% of variance in the full scale. The three items are: 1. It is important for me to . . . 2. I could . . . and 3. I am trying to . . . This offers a quick (1-minute) assessment of clients' self-reported motivation for change.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1177-82.
• Article: Social-cognitive predictors of intended and actual benzodiazepine cessation among chronic benzodiazepine users.

  Geeske B Ten Wolde, Arie Dijkstra, Pepijn Van Empelen, Arie Knuistingh Neven, Frans G Zitman
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  ABSTRACT: Long-term benzodiazepine use is associated with a variety of negative health consequences. Cessation of long-term use is therefore an important health goal. In a prospective study among chronic benzodiazepine users (N=356) social-cognitive factors of benzodiazepine cessation were examined with a nine-month follow-up. Results showed that outcome expectations, self-efficacy and disengagement beliefs predicted intention, and that intention in turn predicted benzodiazepine cessation. More specifically, benzodiazepine users reported a more positive intention to quit when they perceived more positive consequences and fewer negative consequences of cessation. In addition, a higher self-efficacy to quit and lower disengagement beliefs related to lower higher intention. Intention, in turn was the only significant psychosocial predictor of actual quitting at 9 months. The implications of these results will be discussed in terms of possible intervention strategies.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1091-103.
• Article: Correlates of smoking cessation in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.

  Arpana Agrawal, Carolyn Sartor, Michele L Pergadia, Anja C Huizink, Michael T Lynskey
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  ABSTRACT: Persistent cigarette smoking is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Correlates of difficulty quitting smoking include psychopathology, such as major depressive disorder, and problems with other substances, such as alcoholism. In addition, socio-demographic risk (e.g. poverty) and protective (e.g. living in a region with stringent tobacco laws) influences can modify risk for persistent cigarette smoking. Using data on 17,919 individuals with a lifetime history of smoking 100 or more cigarettes, from a nationally representative U.S. sample, we examine the constellation of risk and protective factors that correlate with smoking cessation (defined as remaining smoke-free in the past 12 months) across four cohorts: young (18-31 years), intermediate-aged (32-43 years), middle-aged (44-60 years) and older (61-99 years) adults. Using survival analyses, we demonstrate that in addition to a history of DSM-IV nicotine dependence, which is negatively associated with smoking cessation, living below the poverty line is also associated with persistent smoking across all age cohorts. Residents over the age of 31 years living on the U.S. West Coast are less likely to be persistent smokers as well. Major depressive disorder is associated with persistent smoking, but interestingly, only in middle-aged and older adults. Alcoholism and a family history of substance use problems are both correlated with persistent smoking but only in older adults. Here, we find evidence for psychopathology that may hinder successful quit attempts during the developmental period when a majority of quit attempts are made (early to mid-40's). However, our analyses also highlight the important benefits of effective tobacco legislation on the U.S. West Coast and urge policy makers to actively consider addressing issues surrounding tobacco taxation and the impact of poverty on tobacco use, in addition to the risks posed by co-occurring psychiatric problems and other substance use disorders.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1223-6.
• Article: Correlates of co-occurring ADHD in drug-dependent subjects: prevalence and features of substance dependence and psychiatric disorders.

  Albert J Arias, Joel Gelernter, Grace Chan, Roger D Weiss, Kathleen T Brady, Lindsay Farrer, Henry R Kranzler
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  ABSTRACT: We examined the prevalence and course of psychiatric and substance dependence (SD) disorders in subjects with SD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We interviewed 1761 adults with a lifetime diagnosis of cocaine and/or opioid dependence using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism. Generalized linear regression with generalized estimating equation analysis was used to examine the associations between a lifetime diagnosis of ADHD and indicators of clinical course, and to identify unique correlates of ADHD. Lifetime ADHD prevalence in the SD sample was 5.22% (vs. 0.85% in a group of individuals without SD). ADHD was associated with an earlier age of first substance use, more SD and psychiatric diagnoses, a greater likelihood of attempted suicide, and more hospitalizations. After controlling for conduct disorder, there were unique effects of ADHD on age of first substance use and number of SD diagnoses. In subjects with cocaine or opioid dependence, ADHD is associated with greater SD and psychiatric comorbidity and a more severe course of illness.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1199-207.
• Article: The longitudinal association between alcohol use and intimate partner violence among ethnically diverse community women.

  Jeff R Temple, Rebecca Weston, Gregory L Stuart, Linda L Marshall
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  ABSTRACT: Research has consistently demonstrated a strong link between substance misuse and the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, studies examining whether substance misuse is associated with IPV victimization have been mixed. Using data collected from 835 low-income ethnically diverse community women, this study extends previous research by utilizing a longitudinal design, considering men's and women's alcohol use, and examining multiple forms of abuse. Despite overall decreases in drinking and abuse, the frequency of male partners' drinking continued to be associated with their perpetration of threats, violence, and sexual aggression. Women's alcohol use frequency was associated with sustaining physical violence, but not threats of violence or sexual aggression.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1244-8.
• Source

  Available from: findings.org.uk

  Article: Promoting continuing care adherence among substance abusers with co-occurring psychiatric disorders following residential treatment.

  Josephine M DeMarce, Steven J Lash, Robert S Stephens, Steven C Grambow, Jennifer L Burden
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  ABSTRACT: Epidemiological data from treatment and community samples of individuals with substance use disorders indicate that the rates of co-occurring psychiatric disorders are high and that these disorders are associated with poor treatment adherence and outcomes. A growing body of research indicates that continuing care adherence interventions positively impact treatment outcome. However, it is unclear whether these interventions are effective for individuals with co-occurring psychiatric disorders. This paper explores this question with data from 150 participants who were randomized to receive a behavioral continuing care adherence intervention involving contracting, prompting and reinforcing attendance (CPR), or standard treatment. Fifty-one percent of the participants had one or more co-occurring Axis I or Axis II psychiatric disorders in addition to a SUD diagnosis. Among individuals with co-occurring disorders, those who received the CPR intervention show increased duration of treatment and improved 1-year abstinence rates compared to those who received STX. Additionally, effects of the CPR intervention were generally more pronounced among persons with co-occurring Axis I and/or Axis II disorders than those without these disorders. Treatment implications are discussed.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1104-12.
• Source

  Available from: rutgerengels.nl

  Article: Genetic factors contribute to the association between peers and young adults smoking: univariate and multivariate behavioral genetic analyses.

  Zeena Harakeh, Jenae M Neiderhiser, Erica L Spotts, Rutger C M E Engels, Ron H J Scholte, David Reiss
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  ABSTRACT: This present study investigated the genetic and environmental influences on the associations between adolescents' peer characteristics (i.e., peer college orientation, and peer delinquency) and smoking in young adulthood. We used longitudinal data from the Nonshared Environment and Adolescent Development (NEAD) project. Parents' reports on adolescents' peer characteristics and adolescents' self-reports on smoking in young adulthood were examined. Genetic and environmental influences on each construct as well as on the association between the two were analyzed. Findings showed that genetic and nonshared environmental influences contributed to peer college orientation and smoking status. Genetic, shared and nonshared environmental influences contributed to peer delinquency. Further, genetic and nonshared environmental influences contributed to the association between adolescents' peer college orientation and smoking in young adulthood. Genetic and shared environmental influences contributed to the association between adolescents' peer delinquency and smoking in young adulthood. In conclusion, the present study showed that genetic influences contributed to adolescents' peer characteristics and, in addition, genetic factors mediated the association between peer characteristics and smoking.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1113-22.
• Article: An examination of the relationship between adolescents' initial smoking experience and their exposure to peer and family member smoking.

  Chizimuzo T C Okoli, Chris G Richardson, Joy L Johnson
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  ABSTRACT: Sensitivity to the initial smoking experience, upon initial smoking experimentation, is associated with youth smoking. We determined the association between exposure to smoking from peers and family members on the symptoms of the initial smoking experience of adolescents. Data from a survey of 3280 high school students in the British Columbia, Canada were obtained; including information on demographics, tobacco use history, symptoms of initial smoking experience, and the smoking behaviours of peers and family member's (from which an 'exposure to smoking from peers and family members' variable was created). In multivariate logistic regression models, individuals with higher scores on the 'exposure to smoking from peers and family members' variable were more likely to report positive symptoms of initial smoking experience, even after controlling for confounding variables. Higher scores on the 'exposure to smoking from peers and family members' variable was associated with increased 'initial smoking experience' scores. Initial smoking experience scores (i.e. total number of reported initial symptoms) weakly mediated the relationship between exposure to smoking from peers and family members and current smoking. The present findings suggest that exposure to smoking from peers and family members may be an important factor to consider in understanding youths initial smoking experiences.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1183-91.
• Article: Children taking risks: the association with cocaine and other drug use by young adulthood.

  Carlos F Ríos-Bedoya, Holly C Wilcox, Marina Piazza, James C Anthony
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  ABSTRACT: In this report from a longitudinal study, the main aim was to evaluate the long-term predictive strength of a novel cartoon-based risk-taking trait assessment, which might prove to have utility in future research on mechanisms leading toward illegal drug involvement. The study population originated as 2311 first-graders entering 19 elementary schools during two successive school years. The assessments started soon after the children entered primary school. The key response variable was participants' use of cocaine by the time of a young adult assessment. We found that for each standard deviation increase in the risk-taking scale there was a two-fold increase in the risk of becoming a cocaine user by young adulthood (estimated relative risk, RR=1.9; 95% confidence interval, CI=1.3, 2.7). Independently, onset of cannabis use by young adulthood was also predicted by risk-taking scale values, but use of legal drugs (alcohol and tobacco) was not. These long-span associations provide support for new research on very early risk-taking mechanisms that lead toward illegal drug involvement.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1154-61.
• Source

  Available from: wsu.edu

  Article: Gender differences in drunk driving prevalence rates and trends: a 20-year assessment using multiple sources of evidence.

  Jennifer Schwartz
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  ABSTRACT: This research tracked women's and men's drunk driving rates and the DUI sex ratio in the United States from 1982-2004 using three diverse sources of evidence. Sex-specific prevalence estimates and the sex ratio are derived from official arrest statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, self-reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and traffic fatality data from the National Highway and Transportation Safety Administration. Drunk driving trends were analyzed using Augmented Dickey Fuller time series techniques. Female DUI arrest rates increased whereas male rates declined then stabilized, producing a significantly narrower sex ratio. According to self-report and traffic data, women's and men's drunk driving rates declined and the gender gap was unchanged. Women's overrepresentation in arrests relative to their share of offending began in the 1990s and accelerated in 2000. Women's arrest gains, contrasted with no systematic change in DUI behavior, and the timing of this shift suggest an increased vulnerability to arrest. More stringent laws and enforcement directed at less intoxicated offenders may inadvertently target female offending patterns.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1217-22.
• Article: Husbands' SUD is associated with higher levels of co-occurring but not non-co-occurring psychiatric disorders among their wives.

  Jack R Cornelius, Levent Kirisci, Maureen Reynolds, Gregory G Homish, Duncan B Clark
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  ABSTRACT: Substance use among husbands has been shown to be associated with higher rates of substance use and of psychiatric symptoms among their wives. However, substance use disorders (SUD) and psychiatric disorders (as opposed to substance use or psychiatric symptoms) are rarely rigorously assessed among large samples of couples, so it is unclear whether SUD among husbands are associated with SUD among their wives, and whether the wives also display a higher prevalence of co-occurring or non-co-occurring psychiatric disorders. We compared the level of SUD, of co-occurring (with SUD) psychiatric disorders, and of non-co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses among the wives of males with SUDs vs among the wives of males without SUDs. We hypothesized that the presence of SUDs among males would be associated with a higher level of SUDs, of co-occurring psychiatric disorders, and of non-co-occurring psychiatric disorders in their wives. The subjects in this study were the spouses of adult men with a lifetime history of an SUD (SUD+ husbands, N=342) vs those with no lifetime history of an SUD (SUD- husbands, N=350). These subjects were recruited for participation in a longitudinal project designed to elucidate the etiology of substance use disorders. Co-occurring SUDs were five times more common among the spouses of SUD+ husbands than among the spouses of SUD- husbands (10.2% vs 2.0%, chi-square=19.7, p=0.000). SUD/depressive disorder and SUD/anxiety disorder were both seven times more common among the spouses of SUD+ husbands than among the spouses of SUD- husbands (19.4% vs 4.7%, chi-square=45.8, p=0.000; 14.3% vs 2.0%, chi-square=34.5, p=0.000). In contrast, non-co-occurring depressive disorders and non-co-occurring anxiety disorders were not more common among the wives of the SUD+ husbands than among the SUD- husbands. These findings demonstrate that SUD and co-occurring psychiatric disorders (with SUD) are more common among the spouses of SUD+ husbands than among the spouses of SUD- husbands, but non-co-occurring ("pure") psychiatric disorders are not more common among the spouses of the SUD+ husbands.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1231-4.
• Article: Extending residential care through telephone counseling: initial results from the Betty Ford Center Focused Continuing Care protocol.

  John S Cacciola, Amy C Camilleri, Deni Carise, Samuel H Rikoon, James R McKay, A Thomas McLellan, Cheryl Wilson, John T Schwarzlose
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  ABSTRACT: There is increasing evidence that a chronic care model may be effective when treating substance use disorders. In 1996, the Betty Ford Center (BFC) began implementing a telephone-based continuing care intervention now called Focused Continuing Care (FCC) to assist and support patients in their transition from residential treatment to longer-term recovery in the "real world". This article reports on patient utilization and outcomes of FCC. FCC staff placed clinically directed telephone calls to patients (N=4094) throughout the first year after discharge. During each call, a short survey was administered to gauge patient recovery and guide the session. Patients completed an average of 5.5 (40%) of 14 scheduled calls, 58% completed 5 or more calls, and 85% were participating in FCC two months post-discharge or later. There was preliminary evidence that greater participation in FCC yielded more positive outcomes and that early post-discharge behaviors predict subsequent outcomes. FCC appears to be a feasible therapeutic option. Efforts to revise FCC to enhance its clinical and administrative value are described.
  Addictive Behaviors 10/2008; 33(9):1208-16.