Journal of Dentistry (J DENT)

Publications in this journal

• Article: Effectiveness of Four Different Final Irrigation Activation Techniques On Smear Layer Removal in Curved Root Canals : A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

  Puneet Ahuja, Suresh Nandini, Suma Ballal, Natanasabapathy Velmurugan
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  ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of apical negative pressure (ANP), manual dynamic agitation (MDA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and needle irrigation (NI) as final irrigation activation technique for smear layer removal in curved root canals. Methodology: Mesiobuccal root canals of 80 freshly extracted maxillary first molars with curvatures ranging between 250-350 were used. A glide path with #08-15 K files was established before cleaning and shaping with Mtwo rotary instruments (VDW, Munich, Germany) up to size 35/0.04 taper. During instrumentation, 1 ml of 2.5% NaOCl was used at each change of file. Samples were divided into 4 equal groups (n=20) according to the final irrigation activation technique: group 1, apical negative pressure (ANP) (EndoVac); group 2, manual dynamic agitation (MDA); group 3, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); and group 4, needle irrigation (NI). Root canals were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy. The presence of smear layer at coronal, middle and apical levels was evaluated by superimposing 300-µm square grid over the obtained photomicrographs using a four-score scale with X1,000 magnification. Results: Amongst all the groups tested, ANP showed the overall best smear layer removal efficacy (p < 0.05). Removal of smear layer was least effective with NI technique. Conclusion: ANP (EndoVac system) can be used as the final irrigation activation technique for effective smear layer removal in curved root canals. Keywords: Apical negative pressure; Curved root canals; Manual dynamic agitation; Needle irrigation; Passive ultrasonic irrigation.
  Journal of Dentistry 01/2013;
• Article: One-bottle self-etching adhesives applied to dentine air-abraded using Bioactive glasses containing polyacrylic acid: An in vitro μTBS and confocal microscopy study.

  Sauro S, Watson TF, Thompson I, Banerjee A
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  ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two "simplified" self-etching adhesives bonded to air-abraded dentine using experimental bioactive glass powders containing polyacrylic acid. METHODS: Sound dentine specimens were air-abraded using a pure Bioglass 45S5 (Bioglass) powder or two Bioglass powders containing different concentration of polyacrylic acid (PAA: 15wt% or 40wt%). The bonding procedures were accomplished by the application of two self-etching adhesives (CS3: Clearfil S3 Bond; Kuraray, Osaka, Japan or GB: G Bond; GC Ltd. Tokyo, Japan). The resin-bonded specimens were cut in beams (0.9mm(2)) and the μTBS testing was performed after 24h or 6months of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) storage. The results were statistically analysed by three-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test used (α=0.05). Further bonded-dentine specimens were used for the confocal microscopy interfacial characterisation and micropermeability analysis. RESULTS: The CS3 adhesive system achieved higher μTBS than those attained in the specimens bonded with GB both after 24h and 6months of PBS storage. The CLSM analysis performed after 6months of PBS storage indicated severe micropermeability within the bonded-dentine interfaces created using GB applied onto dentine air-abraded with Bioglass/PAA-15 and Bioglass/PAA-40. Conversely, CS3 exhibited no dye penetration (micropermeability) at the resin-dentine interface. CONCLUSION: It is possible to affirm that air-abrasion procedures performed using pure Bioglass or Bioglass containing 15wt% of PAA do not interfere with the immediate bonding performance of self-etching adhesives. However, the durability of the bonded-dentine interfaces created subsequent air-abrasion procedures using bioactive glasses will depend also upon the chemical composition of the self-etch adhesive systems.
  Journal of Dentistry 09/2012;
• Article: Application of an active attachment model as a high-throughout demineralization biofilm model

  Thiago C. Silva, Agnes Fátima F. Pereira, Rob A. M. Exterkate, Vanderlei S. Bagnato, Marília A. R. Buzalaf, Maria Aparecida A. M. Machado, Jacob M. ten Cate, Wim Crielaard, Dong Mei Deng
  Journal of Dentistry 01/2012; 40(1):41-7.
• Article: Fathilah, A.R., Himratul-Aznita, W.H., Fatheen, A.R.N & Suriani, K.R. 2012. The antifungal properties of chlorhexidine digluconate and cetylpyrinidium chloride on oral Candida. J Dent 40:609-615.

  Fathilah, A.R, Himratul-Aznita, W.H, Fatheen, A.R.N & Suriani, K.R
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  ABSTRACT: Introduction: C. tropicalis and C. krusei have emerged as virulent species causing oral infections. Both have developed resistance to commonly prescribed azole antifungal agents. Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of mouth rinses containing chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and their combination (CHX-CPC) on the growth of these strains. Methods: The minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the mouth rinses were determined. The growth curves of the strains produced under the mouth rinse-treated and untreated conditions, as well as alterations to the morphology of the growth colonies and cells following the treatments were compared and analysed. Results: The MICs of CPC compared to CHX mouth rinses were found to be lower for both Candida sp. In the mixed formulation, CPC doubled the inhibitory effect of CHX towards both Candida sp., while CHX quadrupled the activity of CPC towards C. tropicalis. The growth colonies also appeared coarse, wrinkled and dried. Conclusion: The profound effects shown may suggest the fungicidal activities of the mouth rinses incorporated with CHX, CPC or their combination on both C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Gargling using mouth rinses with such fungicidal activity would enhance a rapid reduction in the candidal population of patients with fungal infection.
  Journal of Dentistry 01/2012; 40:609-615.
• Article: Parental influences on the development of dental caries in children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review of the literature

  Merrilyn Hooley, Helen Skouteris, Cecile Boganin, Julie Satur, Nicky Kilpatrick
  Journal of Dentistry 01/2012;
• Article: Micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis of the degree of conversion of composite resins containing different initiators cured by polywave or monowave LED units.

  Miletic V, Santini A
  Journal of Dentistry 01/2012;
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  Article: Occlusal caries: Evaluation of direct microscopy versus digital imaging used for two histological classification systems.

  Anahita Jablonski-Momeni, David N J Ricketts, Vitus Stachniss, Regina Maschka, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Klaus Pieper
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  ABSTRACT: Histology is frequently used as a gold standard to validate caries detection devices. Poor assessment consistency could lead to apparent changes in diagnostic accuracy. In multi-center, multi-examiner studies electronic transfer of information would be convenient, provided there is no deteriation in quality. This study tested the hypothesis that examiner reproducibility in the assessment of caries lesion depth when viewing photographic images of histological sections on a computer monitor, is comparable with viewing the same sections under a microscope using two histological classification systems. 166 investigation sites (96 teeth) were selected for visual examination (ICDAS-II) and sections made using a novel technique which reduced risk of section damage and allowed accurate allocation of section to each investigation site. Digital images of the sections were produced and four examiners viewed the sections under a microscope and on a separate occasion corresponding digital images on a computer monitor. Presence and extent of caries was scored according to two histological classification systems (Downer, ERK). The inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility for both histological classification systems and both examination techniques was substantial to almost perfect (weighted kappa=0.63-0.90). Comparing the kappa values between microscopy and viewing digital images, there was no effect or only a small effect between both examination techniques (effect size 0.00-0.28). There was also a strong relationship between the two viewing techniques (r(s)=0.748-0.844). Viewing digital images of tooth sections produces results comparable to viewing images directly under a microscope and therefore has potential benefits for multi-centre studies.
  Journal of Dentistry 02/2009; 37(3):204-11.
• Article: Editorial.

  A Damien Walmsley
  Journal of Dentistry 02/2009; 37(1):1.
• Article: Influence of glutaraldehyde priming on bond strength of an experimental adhesive system applied to wet and dry dentine.

  Renato Cilli, Anuradha Prakki, Paulo Amarante de Araújo, José Carlos Pereira
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  ABSTRACT: This study tested the following null hypotheses: (1) there is no difference in resin-dentine bond strength when an experimental glutaraldehyde primer solution is added prior to bonding procedures and (2) there is no difference in resin-dentine bond strength when experimental glutaraldehyde/adhesive system is applied under dry or wet demineralized dentine conditions. Extracted human maxillary third molars were selected. Flat, mid-coronal dentine was exposed for bonding and four groups were formed. Two groups were designated for the dry and two for the wet dentine technique: DRY: (1) Group GD: acid etching+glutaraldehyde primer (primer A)+HEMA/ethanol primer (primer B)-under dried dentine+unfilled resin; (2) Group D: the same as GD, except for primer A application; WET: (3) Group GW: the same as GD, but primer B was applied under wet dentine condition; (4) Group W: the same as GW, except for primer A application. The bonding resin was light-cured and a resin core was built up on the adhesive layer. Teeth were then prepared for microtensile bond testing to evaluate bond strength. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). Glutaraldehyde primer application significantly improved resin-dentine bond strength. No significant difference was observed when the same experimental adhesive system was applied under either dry or wet dentine conditions. These results allow the first null hypothesis to be rejected and the second to be accepted. Glutaraldehyde may affect demineralized dentine properties leading to improved resin bonding to wet and dry substrates.
  Journal of Dentistry 02/2009; 37(3):212-8.
• Article: Mapping a non-carious cervical lesion using stereoimagery and dental casts incorporating optical texture.

  M J Grenness, M J Tyas, J E Osborn
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  ABSTRACT: Recent advances in digital photogrammetry have enabled a new approach to high resolution mapping of tooth surfaces. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and the precision of a new system using automatic digital stereo-photogrammetry combined with an experimental casting material and to measure tooth surface loss in a non-carious cervical lesion. A test object and tooth replicas incorporating optical texture obtained at baseline, one and 2 years were imaged with a pre-calibrated stereocamera. The stereoimagery was then processed with digital photogrammetric software to automatically generate digital surface models. Test object models were analysed for accuracy and precision and tooth surface models were aligned with point cloud analysis software and tooth surface loss determined. Replicas were mapped to an accuracy of (6+/-13)microm. The sensitivity of change detection on tooth replicas was 40 microm with change ranging from 40 to 70 microm per annum in a discrete part of the lesion. In the case examined, the change detection data were of sufficient accuracy and resolution to draw meaningful conclusions about the spatial distribution and quantum of tooth hard tissue loss. The results of this investigation suggest that annual change detection studies will provide a clearer picture of the pattern of tooth surface loss and, in combination with other analytical techniques, a more detailed explanation of the natural history of these lesions.
  Journal of Dentistry 02/2009; 37(3):191-7.
• Article: Long-term survival of endodontically treated, maxillary anterior teeth restored with either tapered or parallel-sided glass-fiber posts and full-ceramic crown coverage.

  Antonio Signore, Stefano Benedicenti, Vassilios Kaitsas, Michele Barone, Francesca Angiero, Giambattista Ravera
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  ABSTRACT: This retrospective study investigated the clinical effectiveness over up to 8 years of parallel-sided and of tapered glass-fiber posts, in combination with either hybrid composite or dual-cure composite resin core material, in endodontically treated, maxillary anterior teeth covered with full-ceramic crowns. The study population comprised 192 patients and 526 endodontically treated teeth, with various degrees of hard-tissue loss, restored by the post-and-core technique. Four groups were defined based on post shape and core build-up materials, and within each group post-and-core restorations were assigned randomly with respect to root morphology. Inclusion criteria were symptom-free endodontic therapy, root-canal treatment with a minimum apical seal of 4mm, application of rubber dam, need for post-and-core complex because of coronal tooth loss, and tooth with at least one residual coronal wall. Survival rate of the post-and-core restorations was determined using Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis. The restorations were examined clinically and radiologically; mean observation period was 5.3 years. The overall survival rate of glass-fiber post-and-core restorations was 98.5%. The survival rate for parallel-sided posts was 98.6% and for tapered posts was 96.8%. Survival rates for core build-up materials were 100% for dual-cure composite and 96.8% for hybrid light-cure composite. For both glass-fiber post designs and for both core build-up materials, clinical performance was satisfactory. Survival was higher for teeth retaining four and three coronal walls.
  Journal of Dentistry 01/2009; 37(2):115-21.
• Article: Preventive effect of an iron varnish on bovine enamel erosion in vitro.

  Melissa Thiemi Kato, Flávia de Moraes Italiani, Juliana Julianelli de Araújo, Marina Duarte Garcia, Sílvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres, Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
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  ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of an experimental varnish containing iron on the dissolution of bovine enamel by carbonated beverage. Eighty specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n=20 per group), according to the following treatments: Fe varnish (FeV, 10 mmol/L Fe), F varnish (FV, 2.71% F), placebo varnish (PV) and control (not treated, NT). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and removed after 6h. Then, the samples were submitted to six cycles, alternating re- and demineralisation (only 1 day). Demineralisation was performed with the beverage Coca-Cola (10 min, 30 mL/block) and remineralisation with artificial saliva for 1h. In order to determine the amount of enamel dissolved, the wear was analysed by profilometry. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). The mean wear (+/-S.E.) was significantly lesser for the FeV (0.451+/-0.018 microm) when compared to the other treatments. The FV caused significantly less wear (0.554+/-0.022 microm) when compared to PV (0.991+/-0.039 microm) and NT (1.014+/-0.033), which did not significantly differ from each other. The results suggest that the iron varnish can interfere with the dissolution of dental enamel in the presence of acidic beverages.
  Journal of Dentistry 01/2009; 37(3):233-6.
• Article: Re-intervention on crowns: what comes next?

  F J T Burke, P S K Lucarotti
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  ABSTRACT: It is the aim of this paper to consider the treatment instituted when re-intervention is deemed necessary on a tooth which has previously been crowned. A detailed sample of treatment records of patients has been established at the NHS Business Services Authority (Dental Services Division), consisting of records containing indirectly placed restorations for patients of age 18 years or older from January 1991. For each tooth treated with a crown, the subsequent history of intervention on that tooth was recorded. There were data on 47,474 crowns available for analysis, with metal-ceramic (bonded) crowns dominating the data (overall, 80% of crowns being these). There were 10,426 crowned teeth with re-interventions in the study period, with 36% of the re-interventions involving recementing, 17% being replacement crowns, 13% direct restorations, 12% root treatment, and 19% of crowned teeth being extracted and/or replaced by a denture. The longer the interval since crown placement, the higher the proportion of extractions or direct restoration and the lower the proportion of recementing. Recementation is the most frequently recorded re-intervention, with the incidence of this decreasing with increasing age of the crown. In 17% of re-interventions, the next intervention was a replacement crown.
  Journal of Dentistry 01/2009; 37(1):25-30.
• Article: Two-year clinical evaluation of one-step self-etch systems in non-carious cervical lesions.

  Shisei Kubo, Hiroaki Yokota, Haruka Yokota, Yoshihiko Hayashi
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  ABSTRACT: This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the 2-year clinical performance of S3 Bond (S3) and G-Bond (GB) in 108 non-carious cervical lesions. Twenty-three patients, 12 male and 11 female (mean age: 61.8 years, range: 30-79 years) regularly visiting the Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, participated in the study. Each patient received both materials randomly. All restorations (53 restorations for S3 and 55 restorations for GB) were placed by one dentist. The restorations were blindly evaluated by two examiners at baseline, 6 months, 1 and 2 years using modified USPHS criteria. The data were statistically analyzed using the Cochran Q test and Fisher's exact test. One restoration of each material was lost during 2 years. The only minor clinical problem was the integrity of the enamel margin. Slight marginal staining occurred adjacent to 11 restorations of both S3 and GB. There was no significant difference in the clinical performance between S3 and GB for each variable. Under the protocol used in this study, S3 and GB have demonstrated an acceptable clinical performance up to 2 years.
  Journal of Dentistry 01/2009; 37(2):149-55.