Acta Physiologica Hungarica (ACTA PHYSIOL HUNG)

Publications in this journal

• Article: Anxiolytic-like effect of quinpirole in combination with a low dose of 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized rats.

  Julia Fedotova
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  ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to explore effects on anxiety-like behavior of the D2 dopamine receptor agonist, quinpirole and of the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist, sulpiride given alone or in combination with a low dose of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) to ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Two weeks after surgery, OVX rats began 14 days of treatment with the vehicle, a low dose of 17β-E2 (5.0 μg/rat, s.c.), quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), sulpiride (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.), quinpirole plus 17β-E2 or sulpiride plus 17β-E2. The animals were then tested in the black and white model (BWM) and the open field test (OFT). Quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) administered alone or in a combination with a low dose of 17β-E2 (5.0 μg/rat, s.c.) resulted in anxiolytic-like effect in OVX rats in the BWM. Repeated treatment of quinpirole and 17β-E2 profoundly increased anxiolytic-like effect of the single substances they exert per se. Co-administration of quinpirole with 17β-E2 increased frequency of rearing and grooming in OVX rats in the OFT. Sulpiride (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment failed to alter anxiety-like behavior in OVX rats in the BWM. In addition, sulpiride blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of 17β-E2 in OVX rats. Application of neither sulpiride nor sulpiride plus 17β-E2 led to any changes of rearing and grooming behavior in OVX rats in the OFT. The results of the present study suggest that 17β-E2 and quinpirole interact to exert anxiolytic-like action and that each of these drugs can potentiate effects of each other. Further research is needed to elucidate detailed mechanisms by which quinpirole and 17β-E2 exert synergistic effect on anxiety-related behavior.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 06/2013; 100(2):211-223.
• Article: Vasorelaxant effect of ranolazine on isolated normal and diabetic rat aorta: A study of possible mechanisms.

  H Khazraei, Hossein Mirkhani, A Purkhosrow
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 06/2013; 100(2):153-162.
• Article: Brain glucose sensing and counterregulatory response to hypoglycaemia.

  P Koska, E Dojcsák Kiss-Tóth, A Juhász Szalai, G L Kovács, L Barkai, O Rácz, Bertalan Fodor
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  ABSTRACT: An important obstacle to achieve optimal glycaemic control in diabetics on intensive insulin therapy is the frequent occurrence of insulin induced hypoglycaemic events. In healthy subjects and in diabetics without autonomic neuropathy hypoglycaemia activates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in epinephrine and glucagon release. Both hormones increase hepatic glucose production and this counterregulatory response is of key importance of glucose homeostasis. Recent research shed light on the fact that antecedent hypoglycaemic episodes play pivotal role in hypoglycaemia associated autonomic failure (HAAF). In this condition the sympatho-adrenal response to decreased blood glucose level is blunted. The existence of HAAF clearly indicates that the nervous system contributes to glucose homeostasis in a substantial manner. This review outlines the mechanisms of both peripheral and central neuronal glucose sensing and of neural pathways involved in the counterregulatory response.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 06/2013; 100(2):133-139.
• Article: Brain derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress index in pups with developmental hypothyroidism: Neuroprotective effects of selenium.

  Azza Salaheldien Abedelhaffez, A Hassan
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  ABSTRACT: Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial for growth and development and particularly brain development. The present study was carried out to investigate the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Oxidative stress index (OSI) in the brain of pups born to dams with methimazole (MMI) induced hypothyroidism. Also, to elucidate the effectiveness of selenium (Se) in ameliorating the brain damaging effects induced by maternal hypothyroidism. Our results reveled that plasma free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), growth hormone (GH) were significantly decreased while plasma thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly increased in the pups. BDNF level significantly decreased while OSI significantly increased in both the hippocampus and cerebellum in pups born to hypothyroid dams. Se supplementation significantly alleviated the levels of these parameters. The biochemical modifications were confirmed histologically with the abnormal development of the hippocampus and cerebellum and partial reversal of these effects with Se supplementation. We concluded that reduced hippocampal and cerebellar BDNF levels and increment of oxidative stress during early development may contribute to the adverse neurodevelopmental effects of hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Also, Se is an important neuroprotective element that may be used as a dietary supplement against brain damage induced by hypothyroidism.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 06/2013; 100(2):197-210.
• Article: From the "Physiologus" to Physiology.

  Dénes Karasszon
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  ABSTRACT: The roots of physiology - on the basis of anatomical thinking and mind, which is fundamental idea of the European medicine - go back to Reformation. The following short data from the abundant history of physiology from the ancient speculative natural philosophers to the modern experimental science of our days shows that the history of Reformation and Protestantism on the one side, and the significance of Protestant physicians in the history of Reformation and Protestantism on the other side, deserve our special attention in the history of medicine.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 06/2013; 100(2):246-250.
• Article: Whole body vibration as a safe exercise training method induces no impaired alterations on rat plasma antioxidant biomarkers.

  M R Naghii, M Hedayati
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 05/2013;
• Article: Resistance exercise combined with essential amino acid supplementation improved walking ability in elderly people.

  Shigeo Kawada, Y Okamoto, K Ogasahara, S Yanagisawa, M Ohtani, K Kobayashi
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  ABSTRACT: We investigated the effects of resistance exercise combined with essential amino acid supplementation on psoas major muscle (PMM) hypertrophy and walking ability in elderly individuals. Twenty-nine healthy elderly individuals were assigned to 3 groups: (1) E (exercise), (2) A3 (exercise combined with 3.0 g of essential amino acid supplementation), and (3) A6 (exercise combined with 6.0 g of essential amino acid supplementation). To evaluate walking ability, the participants underwent the following 3 types of tests: the (1) 10-meter walk (10-W), (2) 10-meter walk involving crossing of obstacles (10-W + O), and (3) 6-minute walk (6M-W) tests. The 6-month training program resulted in significant PMM hypertrophy in all groups independent of amino acid supplementation. The extent of hypertrophy in the participants who took amino acids was dose-dependent, although the differences were not significant. Groups A3 and A6 demonstrated improvements in the 10-W and 10-W + O tests, whereas no improvement was observed in group E, regardless of PMM hypertrophy. Furthermore, group A6 showed an improvement in the 6M-W test. These results suggest that our training program causes PMM hypertrophy, whereas the training program combined with essential amino acid supplementation improves walking ability.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 05/2013;
• Article: Oscillation of oxygenation in skeletal muscle at rest and in light exercise.

  T Yano, C -S Lian, T Arimitsu, R Yamanaka, R Afroundeh, K Shirakawa, T Yunoki
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  ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to compare the frequency of oxygenation determined in the vastus lateralis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in light exercise with that at rest. A subject rested in a recumbent position for 5 min and changed body position to a sitting position on a cycle ergometer for 9 min. Then exercise with low intensity (work rate of 60% of maximal oxygen uptake) was carried out for 30 min. Total hemoglobin and myoglobin (THb/Mb) suddenly decreased after the start of exercise and gradually increased for 6 min. Oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin (Hb/MbO2) suddenly decreased and returned to a steady-state after the start of exercise. The difference between Hb/MbO2 and THb/Mb showed a sudden decrease and then a steady-state. This difference was analyzed by fast Fourier transform. The peak frequencies of the power spectrum density (PSD) were 0.0169 ± 0.0076 Hz at rest and 0.0117 ± 0.0042 Hz in exercise. The peak frequency of PSD was significantly decreased in exercise. In exercise, the range of frequencies was expanded. It is concluded that there are oscillations at rest as well as in exercise and that the frequency of peak PSD becomes lower in exercise than at rest.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 05/2013;
• Article: One-lung ventilation does not result in cerebral desaturation during application of lung protective strategy if normocapnia is maintained

  T Végh, S Szatmári, M Juhász, I László, A Vaskó, I Takács, L Szegedi, B Fülesdi
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  ABSTRACT: Background: Previously a report has suggested that administration of lung protective strategy for one-lung ventilation (OLV) results in oxygen desaturation of the brain parenchyma. The aim of our work was to confirm that the maintenance of normocapnia during protective OLV strategy results in alteration of cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen saturation as compared to double-lung ventilation. Methods: Data were obtained from 24 patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) was continuously monitored by INVOS 5100C Cerebral Oxymeter System along with measurement of cerebral blood flow velocity (MCAV) by transcranial Doppler sonography. Arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis in the awake state, in the supine and lateral decubitus position during double-lung ventilation (DLV), and during OLV. Results: When ventilation was changed from DLV to OLV, no significant change was observed in rSO2. A significant decrease of rSO2was found compared to the value observed during DLV in lateral decubitus at the time point 60 minutes after the start of OLV. No clinically significant changes in the MCAV was observed throughout the course of the thoracic surgical procedure. Conclusions: OLV does not result in clinically relevant decreases in cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen saturation during application of lung protective ventilation if normocapnia is maintained.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013;
• Article: Dexamethasone protects from renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: a possible association with SGK-1.

  Krisztina Rusai, A Prokai, C Juanxing, K Meszaros, B Szalay, K Pásti, V Müller, U Heemann, J Lutz, T Tulassay, A J Szabo
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  ABSTRACT: Previous experimental data suggest that steroids might have protective effects during hypoxic/ischemic injury of various organs. In this study, the association between dexamethason (Dexa) treatment and the anti-apoptotic SGK-1 was tested in ischemic renal injury. In vitro, HK-2 cells were exposed to 24 h hypoxia, and the effect of Dexa incubation on SGK-1 expression / activation and on cell death was studied. In an in vivo rat model of unilateral renal IR, animals were treated with Dexa, and serum renal function parameters, tissue injury and SGK-1 expression and localization were examined after different reperfusion times (2 h, 4 h and 24 h). Dexa at a dose of 2 mg/L exerted a protective effect on cell survival assessed by LDH release and vital staining paralleled by marked up-regulation of SGK-1. In rats, 2 mg/kg Dexa treatment 24 h prior to ischemia resulted in less severe tissue injury and ameliorated urea nitrogen levels 24 h after reperfusion. Furthermore, SGK-1 expression and phosphorylation were higher in Dexa animals demonstrated by Western blot and immunofluorescence technique. Our results provide novel data on the signalling mechanism of Dexa under hypoxia / ischemia and further support that Dexa emerges as an attractive pharmacological agent for the prevention of ischemic injury.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013;
• Article: Left atrium systolic and diastolic function assessment in hypertensive patients with preserved ejection fraction.

  Lucia Agoston-Coldea, S Lupu, S Hicea, T Mocan
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  ABSTRACT: Left atrium remodeling is a physiological response to pressure overload in hypertensive patients. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between left atrium remodeling and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients with preserved systolic function. Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective study on 96 hypertensive patients (48.75 ± 5.01 years, 50 men) and 96 healthy control subjects (48.17 ± 8.52 years, 56 men), whose data were all evaluated by echocardiography measuring left atrium volumes during the reservoir, conduit and pump phases. Standard indices reflecting left ventricular filling were also assessed. Results Medium left atrium volume indexed for body surface was significantly higher in hypertensive patients - 30.87 (6.38) mL/m2 vs. 21.72 (2.52) mL/m2. Indexed left atrium volume was strongly associated with left ventricle diastolic function (p < 0.0001). When compared to normal subjects, patients with mild diastolic dysfunction had lower corrected passive emptying volumes ( p < 0.0001) and higher corrected active emptying volumes (p = 0.001), thus leading to similar corrected total emptying volumes ( p < 0.001). However, patients with moderate diastolic dysfunction had smaller active emptying volumes, but higher passive and total emptying volumes when compared to normal controls and patients with mild diastolic dysfunction. Conclusions Left atrium indexed volumes evaluation during the reservoir, conduit and pump phases proved to be essential for early diastolic dysfunction assessment in hypertensive patients.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013;
• Article: Contribution of estradiol in sex-dependent differences of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats.

  Mahmoud Hosseini, H R Sadeghnia, S Salehabadi, M Soukhtanloo
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  ABSTRACT: In the present study the contribution of estradiol in sex-dependent differences of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures was investigated in rats. The rats were divided into four groups: 1) sham, 2) ovariectomized (OVX), 3) ovariectomized-estradiol (OVX-Est) and 4) male. The OVX-Est group received estradiol valerate (2 mg/kg; i.m/4 weeks) while, male, sham and OVX groups received vehicle. The animals were injected by PTZ (90 mg/kg). The latencies to minimal clonic seizures (MCS) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), were recorded. Serum 17β-estradiol and testosterone levels were also determined using an Elisa kit. GTCS latency in OVX rats was higher than in sham-operated animals (P < 0.05). MCS and GTCS latency in the male group was significantly higher than in the sham, OVX and OVX-Est groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in MCS or GTCS latencies among OVX-Est, sham and OVX groups. Serum 17β-estradiol level in the OVX group was significantly lower than in the sham (P < 0.01) and in the OVX-Est group it was higher than in the sham, OVX and male groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). Serum testosterone level in the male group was significantly higher than in all the other three groups (P < 0.001). It seems that testosterone probably has a more efficient role than estradiol in the gender dependent difference in seizure caused by PTZ in rats.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013;
• Article: Developmental docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid supplementation improves adult learning and increases resistance against excitotoxicity in the brain.

  A Gódor-Kacsándi, K Felszeghy, M Ranky, P G M Luiten, Csaba Nyakas
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  ABSTRACT: Through metabolic imprinting mechanisms a number of bioactive molecules including polyunsaturated fatty acids affect brain functions in the developmental age and longer-lasting beneficial effects are expected. In this study pregnant rats were offered diets either containing no docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) (Placebo diet) or an excess amount of these long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) (Supplement diet) up to the time of weaning. Bilateral N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induced neurodegeneration in the entorhinal cortex of offspring in the age of 4 months was used as a tool to investigate the neuroprotective property of the developmentally supplemented DHA and AA treatments. Hippocampus-dependent spatial learning was measured in Morris water maze and the extent of neuronal lesion in the injected brain area was evaluated. Under baseline condition, in intact or sham-lesioned rats, the Morris water maze performance was superior in the supplemented group compared to the placebo controls. NMDA-lesion in the entorhinal cortex area decreased spatial learning in the supplement-treated rats while insignificantly diminished it in the placebo controls. The same supplementation attenuated the lesion size induced by the NMDA injection into the entorhinal and ventral hippocampal areas. We concluded that LC-PUFA supplementation during fetal and early postnatal development results in long-term enhancement of spatial learning ability of the offspring and offers resistance against excitotoxic brain lesion which lasts up to the adult age.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013;
• Article: The involvement of iNOS activity in the anticonvulsant effect of grape seed extract on the penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats.

  S Per, A Tasdemir, M Yildirim, M Ayyildiz, N Ayyildiz, Erdal Agar
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  ABSTRACT: Grape seed extract (GSE) has been known as being neuroprotective due to its antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to examine both the effect of GSE on the penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rat and the role of nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the effect of GSE. GSE, at doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, significantly decreased the mean frequency of epileptiform activity. GSE, at the highest dose (400 mg/kg), did not change either the frequency or amplitude of epileptiform activity. GSE, at a dose of 200 mg/kg, was the most effective in changing the frequency of epileptiform activity. The occurrence of anticonvulsant activity of GSE was significantly delayed in the presence of selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (60 mg/kg), which was inhibited by the NO precursor, L-arginine (500 mg/kg). The administration of a non-selective NOS inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) partially reversed the anticonvulsant activity of GSE. Selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) and L-arginine showed a similar anticonvulsant activity in the presence of GSE. The electrophysiological evidence of the present study indicates that GSE decreases the mean frequency of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity, suggesting an anticonvulsant role. iNOS/NO pathway could be involved in mediating anticonvulsant effect of GSE on the epileptiform activity.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013;
• Article: Low-volume whole-body vibration lasting 3 or 6 months does not affect biomarkers in blood serum of rats.

  Matthias Pawlak, D Kaczmarek, A Nowak, P Krutki
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  ABSTRACT: Whole-body vibration training (WBV) has been reported to improve both, bone strength and neuromuscular performance. Although changes in hormonal and immunological parameters following vibration exercises were reported, there are still few studies concerning the immune response with respect to different duration of WBV. In our study, we aimed to establish whether three and six months of specific, short-lasting WBV (four bouts lasting 30 s, 1 min rest intervals) influences blood cell counts as well as some immunological parameters in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to two groups trained for three (WBV3mo) or six (WBV6mo) months and results were compared to the age matched control group (C). After the training period, red and white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, as well as interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were determined. No significant differences between WBV3mo, WBV6mo, and C groups in complete blood counts or in immunological parameters were found, indicating that the whole-body vibration training used in this study did not disturb the balance of examined indices, directly or indirectly involved in inflammatory processes.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013; 100(1):48-53.
• Article: Low-volume whole-body vibration lasting 3 or 6 months does not affect biomarkers in blood serum of rat

  Pawlak M, Kaczmarek D, Nowak A, Krutki P
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  ABSTRACT: Whole-body vibration training (WBV) has been reported to improve both, bone strength and neuromuscular performance. Although changes in hormonal and immunological parameters following vibration exercises were reported, there are still few studies concerning the immune response with respect to different duration of WBV. In our study, we aimed to establish whether three and six months of specific, short-lasting WBV (four bouts lasting 30 s, 1 min rest intervals) influences blood cell counts as well as some immunological parameters in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to two groups trained for three (WBV3mo) or six (WBV6mo) months and results were compared to the age matched control group (C). After the training period, red and white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, as well as interleukin-1b, interleukin-10, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were determined. No significant differences between WBV3mo, WBV6mo, and C groups in complete blood counts or in immunological parameters were found, indicating that the whole-body vibration training used in this study did not disturb the balance of examined indices, directly or indirectly involved in inflammatory processes.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013; 100(1):48-53.
• Article: Better cardiorespiratory fitness associated with favourable metabolic control and health-related quality of life in youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

  A Lukács, K Mayer, A Török, E Kiss-Tóth, László Barkai
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013; 100(1):77-83.
• Article: Examination of PACAP38-like immunoreactivity in different milk and infant formula samples.

  K Csanaky, D Reglődi, E Bánki, I Tarcai, L Márk, Zs Helyes, T Ertl, J Gyarmati, K Horváth, L Sántik, Andrea Tamás
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  ABSTRACT: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with special importance in reproductive and developmental processes. PACAP is found in two bioactive forms: PACAP27 and PACAP38. Recently, we have described that PACAP38 is present in high levels in the milk of human and ruminant animals. Breastfeeding is of utmost importance in proper nutrition of the newborn, but artificial nursing with infant formulas is necessary when breastfeeding is not available. Composition of the breast milk varies during the whole period of nursing and it shows differences at the beginning (foremilk) and the end of an actual suckling (hindmilk). The aim of this study was to investigate PACAP38-like immunoreactivity (PACAP38-LI) in different milk and infant formula samples by radioimmunoassay and to prove the presence of PACAP38 in the infant formula by mass spectrometry. We found similar PACAP38-LI in human mature foremilk and hindmilk samples, in the fresh and pasteurized cow milk and also in formulas. However, we found significantly higher PACAP38-LI in the hypoantigenic formula undergoing extensive hydrolysis compared to the non-hypoantigenic ones. Our results suggest that PACAP38 is relatively stable in the milk and it can withstand the manufacturing processes.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013; 100(1):28-36.
• Article: Alteration in basal redox state of young male soccer players after a six-month training programme.

  V Zivkovic, P Lazarevic, D Djuric, D Cubrilo, M Macura, M Vuletic, N Barudzic, M Nesic, Vladimir Jakovljevic
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  ABSTRACT: Despite worldwide popularity of soccer, there are still insufficient data about the effects of training process on oxidative stress-induced damage, which may occur during chronic exercise. The present study aimed to determine the effects of a six-month training programme on basal redox status of young male soccer players. The study included 26 male soccer players, aged 12-13, who participated in a six-month training programme, and 26 age-matched non-athletes who were not implemented in the training process. Blood samples were collected (before and after six-month training programme) in order to measure the following oxidative stress markers: index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), nitrites (NO2-), superoxide anion radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. After six months, the levels of TBARS and NO2- were significantly increased, while the O2- and H2O2 remained unchanged. On the other hand, SOD and CAT activity increased, while GSH decreased. A carefully prepared training programme could strengthen most components of antioxidant defence systems and, except lipid peroxidation, does not promote oxidative stress in response to regular physical activity. These findings could help in the improvement of training programmes for young athletes.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013; 100(1):64-76.
• Article: Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 prevents intestinal oxidative stress in optimized in vitro systems.

  E Paszti-Gere, E Csibrik-Nemeth, K Szeker, R Csizinszky, O Palocz, O Farkas, P Galfi
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  ABSTRACT: Recently, there has been a growing interest to replace antibiotics' administration with the application of probiotics. The aim of our investigations was to reveal the influence of spent culture supernatant of Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 on the response of enterocytes to oxidative stress, and the spent culture supernatant's ability to protect them from oxidative injury. The experiments were performed on non-carcinogenic porcine epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2 isolated from a neonatal piglet and on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2. The cells cultured on membrane inserts were treated with millimolar hydrogen peroxide solution to provoke oxidative stress. The peroxide-triggered cell response profile was evaluated via determination of change in transepithelial electrical resistance, quantification of extent of cell death by 4',6-diamidino-2 phenylindole (DAPI) staining and via estimation of proinflammatory cytokine, IL-8 production using ELISA technique. Non-starter lactobacilli supernatant-mediated inhibition of peroxide-triggered upregulation of IL-8 production confirmed the antiinflammatory properties of active metabolites produced by Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 in acute oxidative stress.
  Acta Physiologica Hungarica 03/2013; 100(1):89-98.