Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine (Nippon Rinsho Jpn J Clin Med)

Publications in this journal

• Article: [Nicotine replacement therapy].

  Shunnosuke Handa
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  ABSTRACT: For the habitual smokers with nicotine dependence, it is difficult for them to quit smoking. The nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a helpful measure for the persons who want to quit smoking. The concept, medication and practice of the NRT are described.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):482-6.
• Article: [Anti-smoking education for tobacco-free society].

  Ryuzo Ohno
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  ABSTRACT: The Science Council of Japan handed a proposal entitled "For the establishment of tobacco-free society" to the Japanese government in 2008, demanding stronger policy implementation. Among the 7 demands, top priority was placed on"education for improvement of knowledge on health risks of smoking". Ample scientific evidences have proven the health hazards that smoking causes directly and indirectly, which, however, are not well acknowledged among Japanese people, leaving Japan an underdeveloped country in terms of smoke-free society. More education is indispensable in schools and by mass media such as TV. The government must allocate more budgets for the education and advertisements, and, if unsuccessful, should request NHK, which collects mandatory TV reception fees akin to broadcast tax, to assume this task.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):527-32.
• Article: [Tobacco smoking and cancer risk: epidemiological evidence].

  Shoichiro Tsugane
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  ABSTRACT: The positive association between tobacco smoking and the risk of various sites of cancer has been consistently observed in a large number of epidemiological studies in which chance, bias and confounding could be ruled out with reasonable confidence. The relative risk of developing any cancer among smokers is estimated to be 1.6-2.0 in men and 1.3-1.6 in women based on a meta- and pooled-analysis of Japanese studies. More than 29% of total cancer in Japan is estimated to be attributed to tobacco smoking in men while 4% in women. Environmental tobacco smoke, namely passive smoking, is also a cause of lung cancer without any scientific controversy. The relative risk of nonsmoking women with smoking husbands to without is estimated to be approximately 1.3 based on evidence from cohort studies in Japan and a meta-analysis of world-wide epidemiological studies. Tobacco control is the most important and effective strategy for primary prevention of cancer.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):390-6.
• Article: [Smoking and obstetric and gynecological disorders].

  Fumiaki Suzuki, Takahiro Kasamatsu
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  ABSTRACT: Smoking causes various health problems in women in relation to their life cycle. About the effects of smoking on obstetric and gynecological disorders, it is clarified that smoking has adverse effects on menopausal disorders, miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight infant, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer. The high rate of smoking among women of reproductive age is of particular concern for the next generation because smoking affects not only the women themselves, but also the fetus. It is necessary to promote smoking prevention education to prevent women from developing a smoking habit and to provide smoking cessation education and support for smokers.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):449-53.
• Article: [Preventive measures against minor's smoking].

  Fumio Bessho
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  ABSTRACT: Adolescents are unique for tobacco control. They are easy to become tobacco-addicted and more than 70 % of adult smokers start to smoke tobacco during adolescence. Therefore, they are good targets for sales campaign by tobacco industry to secure their profit by making a large reservoir of smokers. Tobacco industry's tactics are very ingenious. It conducts many kinds of hidden advertisement. It supports many activities of youth and nonprofit organizations. Therefore, our effort should also put targets on adolescents. Adolescence is a unique stage of development and it is important to know its characteristics for effective approach to prevent starting and to facilitate quitting smoking. It is important to make tobacco-free environment surrounding adolescents, such as school campuses and other public places.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):540-4.
• Article: [Health insurance coverage for smoking cessation treatment in Japan: current status and future issues].

  Masakazu Nakamura
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  ABSTRACT: In Japan, nicotine dependence treatment service for outpatients at registered medical institutions has been started under health insurance coverage since 2006. The reimbursed treatment program consists of five treatment sessions over 12 week duration. Nicotine patch or varenicline can be prescribed under health insurance coverage during the treatment period. The surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009 have proved the effectiveness of the service. However, the accessibility and utilization of smoking cessation treatment are not sufficient, considering the fact that the percentage of smokers who underwent smoking cessation treatment in Japan remained low compared with other countries. Future challenges call for implementing effective measures to improve the accessibility and utilization of the service, while maintaining a satisfactory level of treatment quality.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):499-505.
• Article: [Smoking and respiratory diseases].

  Yoshiki Ishii
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  ABSTRACT: Since lung is a directly affected organ by cigarette smoking, various respiratory diseases including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung diseases, bronchial asthma, are caused and worsen by cigarette smoking not only in case of active smoking but also in case of passive smoking. A lot of carcinogen in cigarette smoke causes lung cancer through the DNA damage. Oxidants in cigarette smoke induce airway inflammation and tissue injury. Various kinds of protease including neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase cause emphysema. Meanwhile, inflammation also induces lung fibrosis. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of asthmas and is associated with decreased asthma control and increased risk of mortality and exacerbations.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):416-20.
• Article: [Health risks induced by secondhand smoke and declines of risks after comprehensive smoke-free legislation].

  Hiroshi Yamato
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  ABSTRACT: Secondhand smoke is the major health risk among non-smokers. It is estimated that more than 6,800 non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke die every year in Japan. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control requires all the governments to implement comprehensive smoking ban in order to protect non-smokers' health. Many countries and municipal offices implemented comprehensive smoking ban in workplaces and public spaces including restaurants and bars. The number of patients of acute coronary syndrome and respiratory disease rapidly decreased in those countries. These facts should be announced to the people and policy makers where comprehensive smoking ban has not implemented yet in order to protect non-smokers' health.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):464-8.
• Article: [The pharmacist's role in smoking cessation].

  Masaaki Aizawa, Masakazu Kuroyama
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  ABSTRACT: Since they have very good opportunities to aid smokers in quitting smoking at clinics or pharmacies, pharmacists play an important role in encouraging smoking cessation. They should be aware of the significance of tobacco abstinence. Therapeutic assistance for cessation includes drug treatment of nicotine dependence and counseling based on behavioral science for psychological dependence. Particularly in drug treatment, pharmacists are able to exercise their professional knowledge by assisting smoking cessation from a pharmaceutical viewpoint. It is possible for any pharmacist to provide a brief smoking cessation intervention, such as asking a patient whether or not they smoke and advising them, if they smoke, to stop smoking.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):515-9.
• Article: [Smoking and neurological disorders].

  Hiroki Fujii, Naohisa Hosomi, Masayasu Matsumoto
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  ABSTRACT: Some meta-analysis on smoking and risk of stroke showed that current smoking raised risks of total stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke but did not raise risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage. On the other hand, previous meta-analysis showed that smoking was inversely associated with risk of Parkinson's disease. Early research found that nicotine improved short-term cognitive function and inhibited amyloid formation. More recently, it has showed with meta-analysis that smoking raised risk of Alzheimer's disease. Cigarette smoking has a disadvantage for neurological disorders.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):423-9.
• Article: [On oral medications, especially varenicline].

  Narito Kurioka
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  ABSTRACT: Varenicline is an orally administered alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. It has been widely used in smoking cessation therapy. It reduces craving and withdrawal symptoms during abstinence and lowers the reinforcing effects of nicotine. A third action of the drug is to blunt responses to smoking cues. Varenicline has higher abstinence rates than nicotine transdermal patches or bupropion. As serious neuro-psychiatric symptoms had been reported post market, including drowsiness, suicidal thoughts and suicide, clinicians are recommended to review the patient's psychiatric history and should monitor them for changes in mood and behavior when prescribing this medication. Studies on flexible dosing regimens, flexible quit dates, and an increased pre-quit medication period have indicated possible improvement to varenicline's effectiveness.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):487-92.
• Article: [Supporting programs for maintenance of quitting].

  Yuko Takahashi
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):520-5.
• Article: [Problems of tobacco smoke and positive effects of quit-smoking on human health].

  Mayumi Abe
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  ABSTRACT: Cigarette smoking dominates among Japanese smokers. A smoker takes a small amount of nicotine into the body by one aspiration of cigarette; this amount is not large enough to cause acute symptoms. The way of consuming one cigarette by about 10 aspirations may supply a sufficient amount of nicotine to the body without producing unpleasant symptoms of acute toxicity. Cigarette is very effective goods of nicotine delivery to increase the nicotine-dependent patients. In addition, owing to the tricky image strategy by a tobacco company, the citizens in Japan have not become sufficiently aware of hazards of tobacco. For health hazards of smoking, people do not fully understand cigarette smoking may affect the whole body because of the strong impression of "cancer" particularly "lung cancer" as the disease of smoking. Therefore, we, healthcare professionals, should treat diseases with accurate knowledge of tobacco hazards and also should play a positive role to enlighten people about the truth of tobacco hazards, which do not mean cancer alone.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):406-15.
• Article: [Nicotine dependence and its molecular pharmacology].

  Reiji Yoshimura, Jun Nakamura
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  ABSTRACT: Mounting evidence indicates that addictive effects of nicotine occur through interaction with its receptors in the mesolimbic dopamine system, particularly ventral tegmental area neurons, where nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) act to promote the release of dopamine. Indeed chronic treatment with nicotine leads to an up-regulation in the number of alpha4beta2-subunit nAChRs. Moreover, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors are also involved in the regulation of dopamine release.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):473-6.
• Article: [Motivational interviewing and cognitive behavior therapy for smoking cessation].

  Atsuko Kawai, Masato Kano, Tadahiro Sato
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  ABSTRACT: The combination therapy of counseling and medication is very important in smoking cessation treatment. Motivational interviewing (MI) and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) are interventions recommended in two well-recognized guidelines for smoking cessation in the United States. MI is effective for those who do not want to quit smoking; CBT for those who cannot but want to quit smoking, those who repeatedly quit and re-smoke, those who are depressed, and women who are concerned about their weight. However, neither MI nor CBT for smoking cessation is widely practiced in Japan. We describe the nature of, evidence for, and practice of MI and CBT in smoking cessation treatment, hopeful that clinicians and other healthcare staff learn and apply these techniques.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):493-8.
• Article: [Effects of tobacco smoke on fetus and children].

  Takashi Noda
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  ABSTRACT: What is caused on fetus and children by parental smoking? Parental smoking, especially maternal smoking cause oral cleft which makes baby difficult to suck milk. It causes not only respiratory illness such as asthma bronchialis but also fire accident or burn by child abuse. These things decrease quality of life of children. Low birth weight caused by parental smoking is the major risk factor of lifestyle-related diseases, according to DOHaD hypothesis. Moreover, parental smoking drive children active smokers. If children start to smoke, they will get bad lifestyle led to metabolic syndrome. So it is important not to make children start the first smoking.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):454-8.
• Article: [Smoking related respiratory diseases: imaging and pathology].

  Atsushi Nagai
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):378-82.
• Article: [Hereditary cerebral small-vessel disease].

  Hiroaki Nozaki, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Osamu Onodera
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  ABSTRACT: The cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a group of pathological condition that affects the intracranial small vessels. CSVD causes lacunar infarction, white matter disease and hemorrhage, and may contribute to development of dementia and motor disability in the elderly. CSVD is a common aging phenomenon, however, little is known about its molecular pathogenesis. To understand the molecular pathogenesis for CSVD, here, we review the clinical spectrum, pathological findings and the molecular pathogenesis of CSVD caused by single gene defect: including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, COLAA1-related disorders, retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy, Fabry disease, and hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):545-54.
• Article: [Diagnosis and treatment strategy of diseases due to passive smoking].

  Michiyuki Matsuzaki
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  ABSTRACT: Passive smoking causes a wide range of diseases from membrane irritation such as sore throat or nasal symptom, to fatal diseases such as lung cancer or heart attack. Extensive epidemiological studies have revealed that passive smoking at home or at workplaces raises the all cause mortality of nonsmoking family members by 14-75%. Moreover, many people in Japan are suffered from chemical hypersensitivity due to chronic persistent passive smoking at workplaces. Most critical diagnostic clue of passive smoking caused disease is the temporal relationship of tobacco smoke exposure and disease onset. One hundred percent smoke free workplace or environment is the only effective measure for curing and preventing illnesses caused by passive smoke exposure.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):469-72.
• Article: [Intervention and assistance by doctor for smoking cessation].

  Hiroyasu Muramatsu
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  ABSTRACT: Patients with nicotine dependence require suitable intervention and assistance for smoking cessation. We should try to provide every patient with the appropriate way to quit smoking. I'm making the patient classification (motivation-confidence typing) with a questionnaire. When the patient has poor motivation, the motivational interviewing and intervention are required. If the patient has poor self-confidence, I will encourage him and admire his efforts. So varenicline significantly reduce smoking satisfaction, that I allow patients to smoke intentionally during two weeks after starting smoking cessation program. Smoking under the influence of varenicline may be useful to quit without regret.
  Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 03/2013; 71(3):506-10.