Description
Founded in 1904, The Journal of Infectious Diseases is the premier publication in the Western Hemisphere for original research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases; on the microbes that cause them; and on disorders of host immune mechanisms. Articles in JID include research results from microbiology, immunology, epidemiology, and related disciplines.
Impact factor
5.87
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Other titles
The Journal of infectious diseases, JID
ISSN
0022-1899
OCLC
1754628
Material type
Periodical, Internet resource
Document type
Journal / Magazine / Newspaper, Internet Resource
Publications in this journal
Authors: Armenia D, Vandenbroucke I, Fabeni L, Van Marck H, Cento V, D'Arrigo R, Van Wesenbeeck L, Scopelliti F, Micheli V, Bruzzone B, Lo Caputo S, Aerssens J, Rizzardini G, Tozzi V, Narciso P, Antinori A, Stuyver L, Perno CF, Ceccherini-Silberstein F
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.
Authors: Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Maya Sternberg, Adrian J Puren, Lauri E Markowitz, Ronald Ballard, Sinead Delany, Sarah Hawkes, Okey Nwanyanwu, Caroline Ryan, David A Lewis
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(7):1039-49.
Background. It is uncertain whether episodic acyclovir will enhance ulcer healing if delivered at primary health care settings, because there is often a delay in treatment initiation. Methods. ABackground. It is uncertain whether episodic acyclovir will enhance ulcer healing if delivered at primary health care settings, because there is often a delay in treatment initiation. Methods. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 5-day acyclovir (400 mg 3 times daily) was conducted among men with genital ulcers in South Africa. Participants received syndromic management; were tested for ulcer etiology, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); and were seen over the course of a month to evaluate ulcer healing and HIV-1 RNA shedding. Outcomes were ulcer duration and HIV-1 RNA shedding, assessed on day 7 among HIV-1-seropositive participants with a herpetic ulcer. Results. A total of 309 men received acyclovir, and 306 received placebo; 63% were HIV-1 positive. There were 295 HIV-1-positive participants with a herpetic ulcer. Acyclovir improved ulcer healing-61% of those receiving acyclovir healed by day 7, compared with 42% of those receiving placebo (adjusted relative risk, 1.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.8]; [Formula: see text]). Acyclovir also improved healing by a median of 3 days ([Formula: see text]) and reduced HIV-1 ulcer shedding on day 7 (24% for acyclovir vs 37% for placebo; [Formula: see text]). Conclusions. Addition of acyclovir to syndromic management will improve healing of genital ulcers and may potentially reduce HIV transmission in combination with other interventions. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00164424 .
Authors: Carlos J Orihuela
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(7):1180-1.
Authors: Birgitta Henriques-Normark
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(7):1181-2.
Authors: Patrick M Schlievert
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(5):676-8.
Authors: Robert S Van Howe
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(5):832.
Authors: Janardan P Pandey
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(5):834.
Authors: Martyn A French, Martin S King, Jean M Tschampa, Barbara A da Silva, Alan L Landay
The Journal of infectious diseases.
The effect of long-term antiretroviral therapy on serum immune activation markers was assessed in a cohort of 63 patients before and after 6 years of boosted lopinavir-based antiretroviral therapy.The effect of long-term antiretroviral therapy on serum immune activation markers was assessed in a cohort of 63 patients before and after 6 years of boosted lopinavir-based antiretroviral therapy. High levels of most markers were associated with lower CD4(+) T cell counts at baseline and at year 6, with the exception of soluble cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (sCTLA-4); high levels of sCTLA-4 were associated with higher CD4(+) T cell counts at year 6. Abnormalities of serum immune activation markers persisted after 6 years of ART but probably had different causes. Further investigation of the clinical usefulness of assaying immunoglobulin A, neopterin, and sCTLA-4 levels to assess the effectiveness of treatments for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease are warranted.
Authors: Rui Duan, Rory D de Vries, Jessica M van Dun, Freek B van Loenen, Albert D M E Osterhaus, Lies Remeijer, Georges M G M Verjans
The Journal of infectious diseases.
Purpose. The incidence and clinical significance of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) acyclovir resistance were determined in patients with recurrent herpetic keratitis (RHK). Methods. SequentialPurpose. The incidence and clinical significance of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) acyclovir resistance were determined in patients with recurrent herpetic keratitis (RHK). Methods. Sequential corneal isolates ([Formula: see text]) from 15 immunocompetent patients with RHK were assayed for acyclovir susceptibility and genotyped by analyzing the hypervariable regions of the HSV-1 genes US1 and US12. The thymidine kinase (TK) gene of each isolate was sequenced, and the proportion of acyclovir-resistant viruses within isolates was determined. Results. Uniform acyclovir-resistant or acyclovir-sensitive sequential isolates were identified in 4 and 2 patients, respectively. Notably, the acyclovir susceptibility of sequential isolates changed from acyclovir sensitive to acyclovir resistant (5 patients) or from acyclovir resistant to acyclovir sensitive (3 patients). The acyclovir-resistant phenotype of the isolates correlated with the patient's unresponsiveness to acyclovir therapy. Combined analyses of the TK gene and genotype of sequential isolates showed that acyclovir-sensitive isolates contained multiple acyclovir-resistant variants of the same virus and that an identical acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strain reappeared in the patient's cornea during RHK episodes. Conclusions. Corneal HSV-1 isolates are mixtures of acyclovir-sensitive and acyclovir-resistant viruses that share the same genotype but have different TK sequences. Recovery of the same acyclovir-resistant virus during consecutive herpetic keratitis episodes suggests that acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 establishes latency and reactivates intermittently to cause acyclovir-refractory RHK.
Authors: Kodjo Ayi, W Conrad Liles, Philippe Gros, Kevin C Kain
The Journal of infectious diseases.
Background. Erythrocytes from individuals with pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) are resistant to invasion by Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and erythrocytes infected with ring-stage parasites areBackground. Erythrocytes from individuals with pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) are resistant to invasion by Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and erythrocytes infected with ring-stage parasites are preferentially cleared by macrophages in vitro. However, the underlying molecular basis of protection is unknown. In the present study, we examined adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in PKD erythrocytes (ie, erythrocytes from individuals with PKD) and determined whether depletion of ATP in normal erythrocytes would recapitulate the phenotype observed with PKD. Methods. We examined ATP levels in homozygous PKLR(-/-) and heterozygous PKLR(+/-) human erythrocytes and used sodium fluoride treatment to inhibit ATP generation in normal human erythrocytes. Results. We demonstrated that ATP levels are reduced in PKLR(-/-) (percentage of control erythrocytes, 26%; interquartile range [IQR], 21%-48%) and PKLR(+/-) erythrocytes (percentage of control erythrocytes, 64%; IQR, 60%-73%) and that there is a correlation between ATP levels in erythrocytes and both inhibition of parasite invasion and enhancement of phagocytosis of erythrocytes infected with ring-stage parasites. Analysis of ATP distribution in parasitized erythrocytes demonstrated that parasites invading PKD erythrocytes respond to low intraerythrocytic ATP levels by means of a parallel increase in parasite-derived ATP via up-regulation of P. falciparum-specific pyruvate kinase. Conclusion. These data suggest that reduced erythrocyte ATP levels may contribute to the protection displayed by PKD erythrocytes in vitro and may provide a model system with which to define the molecular basis of protection in inherited PKD.
Authors: Matthew J Memoli, Brett W Jagger, Vivien G Dugan, Li Qi, Jadon P Jackson, Jeffery K Taubenberger
The Journal of infectious diseases.
Background. Examination of the evolutionary dynamics of complete influenza viral genomes reveals that other processes, in conjunction with antigenic drift, play important roles in viral evolution andBackground. Examination of the evolutionary dynamics of complete influenza viral genomes reveals that other processes, in conjunction with antigenic drift, play important roles in viral evolution and selection, but there is little biological evidence to support these genomic data. Previous work demonstrated that after the A/Fujian/411/2002-like H3N2 influenza A epidemic during 2003-2004, a preexisting nondominant Fujian-like viral clade gained a small number of changes in genes encoding the viral polymerase complex, along with several changes in the antigenic regions of hemagglutinin, and in a genome-wide selective sweep, it replaced other co-circulating H3N2 clades. Methods. Representative strains of these virus clades were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results. The newly dominant 2004-2005 A/California/7/2004-like H3N2 clade, which featured 2 key amino acid changes in the polymerase PA segment, grew to higher titers in MDCK cells and ferret tissues and caused more-severe disease in ferrets. The polymerase complex of this virus demonstrated enhanced activity in vitro, correlating directly to the enhanced replicative fitness and virulence in vivo. Conclusion. These data suggest that influenza strains can be selected in humans through mutations that increase replicative fitness and virulence, in addition to the well-characterized antigenic changes in the surface glycoproteins.
Authors: Daniel Ajzenberg, Hélène Yera, Pierre Marty, Luc Paris, Frédéric Dalle, Jean Menotti, Dominique Aubert, Jacqueline Franck, Marie-Hélène Bessières, Dorothée Quinio [......] Thanh Hai Duong, Denis Filisetti, Pierre Flori, Françoise Gay-Andrieu, Francine Pratlong, Gilles Nevez, Anne Totet, Bernard Carme, Marie-Laure Dardé, Isabelle Villena
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(6):1012-3.
Authors: Jonathan Cenna, Meredith Hunter, Gene S Tan, Amy B Papaneri, Erin P Ribka, Matthias J Schnell, Preston A Marx, James P McGettigan
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(8):1251-60.
Although current postexposure prophylaxis rabies virus (RV) vaccines are effective, approximately 40,000-70,000 rabies-related deaths are reported annually worldwide. The development of effectiveAlthough current postexposure prophylaxis rabies virus (RV) vaccines are effective, approximately 40,000-70,000 rabies-related deaths are reported annually worldwide. The development of effective formulations requiring only 1-2 applications would significantly reduce mortality. We assessed in mice and nonhuman primates the efficacy of replication-deficient RV vaccine vectors that lack either the matrix (M) or phosphoprotein (P) gene. A single dose of M gene-deficient RV induced a more rapid and efficient anti-RV response than did P gene-deficient RV immunization. Furthermore, the M gene-deleted RV vaccine induced 4-fold higher virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) levels in rhesus macaques than did a commercial vaccine within 10 days after inoculation, and at 180 days after immunization rhesus macaques remained healthy and had higher-avidity antibodies, higher VNA titers, and a more potent antibody response typical of a type 1 T helper response than did animals immunized with a commercial vaccine. The data presented in this article suggest that the M gene-deleted RV vaccine is safe and effective and holds the potential of replacing current pre- and postexposure RV vaccines.
Authors: Cédric F Invernizzi, Dimitrios Coutsinos, Maureen Oliveira, Daniela Moisi, Bluma G Brenner, Mark A Wainberg
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(8):1202-6.
Recently, we described a novel nucleotide template-based mechanism that may be the basis for the facilitated acquisition of the K65R resistance mutation in subtype C versus subtype B humanRecently, we described a novel nucleotide template-based mechanism that may be the basis for the facilitated acquisition of the K65R resistance mutation in subtype C versus subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In this article, we evaluated the effects of subtype C-specific silent polymorphisms in cell culture drug-selection experiments using nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. The K65R pathway was selected more frequently in a subtype B virus that contained subtype C nucleotide polymorphisms at both positions 64 and 65 than in a wild-type NL4-3 subtype B virus. This is the first demonstration of the significance of silent nucleotide polymorphisms in the development of drug resistance.
Authors: Marcia F T Rupnow, Alicia H Chang, Ross D. Shachter, Douglas K. Owens, Julie Parsonnet
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(8):1311-7.
Background. Helicobacter pylori vaccines are under development to prevent infection. We quantified the cost-effectiveness of such a vaccine in the United States, using a dynamic transmission model.Background. Helicobacter pylori vaccines are under development to prevent infection. We quantified the cost-effectiveness of such a vaccine in the United States, using a dynamic transmission model. Methods. We compartmentalized the population by age, infection status, and clinical disease state and measured effectiveness in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). We simulated no intervention, vaccination of infants, and vaccination of school-age children. Variables included costs of vaccine, vaccine administration, and gastric cancer treatment (in 2007 US dollars), vaccine efficacy, quality adjustment due to gastric cancer, and discount rate. We evaluated possible outcomes for periods of 10-75 years. Results. H. pylori vaccination of infants would cost $2.9 billion over 10 years; savings from cancer prevention would be realized decades later. Over a long time horizon (75 years), incremental costs of H. pylori vaccination would be $1.8 billion, and incremental QALYs would be 0.5 million, yielding a cost-effectiveness ratio of $3871/QALY. With school-age vaccination, the cost-effectiveness ratio would be $22,137/QALY. With time limited to <40 years, the cost-effectiveness ratio exceeded $50,000/QALY. Conclusion. When evaluated with a time horizon beyond 40 years, the use of a prophylactic H. pylori vaccine was cost-effective in the United States, especially with infant vaccination.
Authors: Darius P H Armstrong-James, Suzy A Turnbull, Ian Teo, Jaroslav Stark, Nicola J Rogers, Thomas R F Rogers, Elaine Bignell, Ken Haynes
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(8):1341-51.
Background. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most common cause of death associated with fungal infection in the developed world. Historically, susceptibility to IA has been associated withBackground. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most common cause of death associated with fungal infection in the developed world. Historically, susceptibility to IA has been associated with prolonged neutropenia; however, IA has now become a major problem in patients on calcineurin inhibitors and allogenic hematopoetic stem cell transplant patients following engraftment. These observations suggest complex cellular mechanisms govern immunity to IA. Methods. To characterize the key early events that govern outcome from infection with Aspergillus fumigatus, we performed a comparative immunochip microarray analysis of the pulmonary transcriptional response to IA between cyclophosphamide-treated mice and immunocompetent mice at 24 h after infection. Results. We demonstrate that death due to infection is associated with a failure to generate an incremental interferon-gamma response, increased levels of interleukin-5 and interleukin-17a transcript, coordinated expression of a network of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related genes, and increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In contrast, clearance of infection is associated with increased expression of a number genes encoding proteins involved in innate pathogen clearance, as well as apoptosis and control of inflammation. Conclusion. This first organ-level immune response transcriptional analysis for IA has enabled us to gain new insights into the mechanisms that govern fungal immunity in the lung.
Authors: Xinyue Zhang, Xiuli Yang, Manish Kumar, Utpal Pal
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(8):1318-30.
Borrelia burgdorferi bb0323 encodes an immunogenic protein in mammalian hosts, including humans. An analysis of bb0323 expression in vivo showed variable transcription throughout the spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferi bb0323 encodes an immunogenic protein in mammalian hosts, including humans. An analysis of bb0323 expression in vivo showed variable transcription throughout the spirochete infection cycle, with elevated expression during tick-mouse transmission. Deletion of bb0323 in infectious B. burgdorferi did not affect microbial survival in vitro, despite considerable alterations in growth kinetics and cell morphology. The bb0323 mutants were unable to infect either mice or ticks and were quickly eliminated from immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts and the vector within the first few days after inoculation. Chromosomal complementation of the mutant with native bb0323 and phenotypic analysis in vivo indicated the substantial restoration of spirochete virulence and persistence throughout the mouse-tick infection cycle. The BB0323 protein may serve an indispensable physiological function that is more pronounced during microbial persistence and transitions between the host and the vector in vivo. Strategies to interfere with BB0323 function may interrupt the infectious cycle of spirochetes.
Authors: Karen T Cuenco, Eric A Ottesen, Steven A Williams, Thomas B Nutman, Cathy Steel
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(8):1271-1278.
Background. It is increasingly recognized that host genetic factors may play an important role in determining the outcome of filarial infections. To test this hypothesis in bancroftian lymphaticBackground. It is increasingly recognized that host genetic factors may play an important role in determining the outcome of filarial infections. To test this hypothesis in bancroftian lymphatic filariasis, pedigree data were collected twice during an 18-year period from an isolated Polynesian population living on a Pacific island where lymphatic filariasis is endemic. Methods. Using variance-component analysis, we examined the contribution of shared genetic and environmental effects on host clinical and immune responses to filarial infection, along with potential confounding determinants. Results. Sex was found to have a negligible influence on heritability estimates, but shared-household effects accounted for up to 32% of host variability. After accounting for these shared-household effects, heritability estimates suggested that levels of microfilariae and circulating adult worm antigen, as well as host eosinophil and immunoglobulin G antibody responses to larval and adult worm antigens, were highly heritable (range of heritability estimates, 0.15-0.84). Conclusions. These data provide evidence of a key role for genetic factors in determining the host response to filarial infections in humans and emphasize the complexity of the relationships among the host, parasite, and environment.
Authors: Julie R Harris, Sharon K Greene, Timothy K Thomas, Richard Ndivo, John Okanda, Rose Masaba, Isabel Nyangau, Michael C Thigpen, Robert M Hoekstra, Robert E Quick
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(8):1186-1193.
To reduce mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-poor settings, the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months, followed byTo reduce mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-poor settings, the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months, followed by rapid weaning if replacement feeding is affordable, feasible, available, safe, and sustainable. In the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study (trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00146380 ), infants of HIV-infected mothers who received antiretroviral therapy experienced high rates of diarrhea at weaning. To address this problem, mothers in the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study were given safe water storage vessels, hygiene education, and bleach for household water treatment. We compared the incidence of diarrhea in infants enrolled before (cohort A) and after (cohort B) implementation of the intervention. Cohort B infants experienced less diarrhea than cohort A infants, before and after weaning ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively); however, during the weaning period, there were no differences in the frequency of diarrhea between cohorts ([Formula: see text]). Testing of stored water in cohort B homes indicated high adherence (monthly range, 80%-95%) to recommended chlorination practices. Among infants who were weaned early, provision of safe water may be insufficient to prevent weaning-associated diarrhea.
Authors: Patricia Marín-García, Jesús Sánchez-Nogueiro, Amalia Diez, Míriam León-Otegui, María Linares, Pilar García-Palencia, José M Bautista, María Teresa Miras-Portugal
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(8):1279-88.
In cerebral malaria, the most severe complication of malaria, both neurotransmission mechanisms and energy metabolism are affected. To understand how metabolic changes modify neurotransmission, weIn cerebral malaria, the most severe complication of malaria, both neurotransmission mechanisms and energy metabolism are affected. To understand how metabolic changes modify neurotransmission, we examined P2 receptor expression in a murine model of cerebral malaria. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments revealed that parasite deposition was greatest in the cerebellum, compared with other areas of the brain, suggesting a correlation between brain parasitemia and loss of control of movement. Infected mice showed modified patterns of expression of P2 receptor subtype messenger RNA (mRNA), depending on both the specific purinergic receptor and the cerebral region analyzed. Immunohistochemical studies indicated altered levels of protein expression by these receptors in infected brains and, in some cases, a pattern of expression different from that noted in control mice. These differences in both the amount of mRNA and the protein distribution of P2 receptors observed in the different brain sites in infected mice suggest an important role for P2 receptors in either provoking cerebral damage or conferring neuroprotection.
Authors: Jeffry W Pennock, Rachael Stegall, Marcy J Bubar, Gregg Milligan, Kathryn A Cunningham, Nigel Bourne
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(8):1247-50.
Abused by >1.2 million Americans, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (commonly referred to as ecstasy) is popular in the dance club, rave, and circuit party scenes. MDMA and other similar drugsAbused by >1.2 million Americans, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (commonly referred to as ecstasy) is popular in the dance club, rave, and circuit party scenes. MDMA and other similar drugs are reportedly associated with increased incidence of sexually transmitted infectious diseases, such as AIDS and genital herpes, and may have immunological effects. In the present study, we demonstrate that MDMA causes increased susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mice and earlier onset of genital herpes. We also demonstrate that MDMA has an effect on the cytokines of the innate immune system-both systemically and, for the first time, in the genital tract. These data suggest that MDMA may play an important biological role in infection.
Authors: Jeffrey P Murry, Amit K Pandey, Christopher M Sassetti, Eric J Rubin
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(5):774-82.
Nitric oxide (NO), which is an important component of immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has both cytotoxic and immune regulatory functions. We examined the way that this molecule interacts withNitric oxide (NO), which is an important component of immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has both cytotoxic and immune regulatory functions. We examined the way that this molecule interacts with M. tuberculosis in vivo by screening for bacterial mutations that alter growth in mice that are unable to produce inducible NO synthase (iNOS), the dominant source of NO during infection. We found that very few bacterial genes appeared to be specifically required for resistance to NO in vivo. Instead, mutations in several virulence factors caused greater attenuation in the absence of iNOS. Among these were mutants incapable of transporting the lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM). Although PDIM has been implicated in NO defense, this result indicates that PDIM has other roles during infection. We additionally found that PDIM transport is required for virulence in mice lacking interferon-gamma . Thus, PDIM is important for resisting an interferon-gamma-independent mechanism of immunity.
Authors: Nicholas C Grassly, Hamid Jafari, Sunil Bahl, Sunita Durrani, Jay Wenger, Roland W Sutter, R Bruce Aylward
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(5):794-801.
Background. Persistent wild-poliovirus transmission, particularly in India, has raised questions about the degree of mucosal immunity induced by oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in tropical countries.Background. Persistent wild-poliovirus transmission, particularly in India, has raised questions about the degree of mucosal immunity induced by oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in tropical countries. Methods. Excretion of vaccine poliovirus after challenge with OPV was measured in stool samples collected from children identified by the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance program in India during 2005-2007. The effectiveness of trivalent and monovalent OPV against excretion of each poliovirus type was estimated. Results. Vaccine poliovirus was isolated from 4994 (5.2%) of 96,641 children with 2 stool samples. The relative odds of excreting challenge poliovirus among children with 5 reported previous doses of trivalent OPV compared with 0 previous doses was 0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.45), 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04-0.14), and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.19-0.85) for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively, but the relative odds increased to 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44-0.88), 0.44 (95% CI, 0.20-0.99), and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.41-1.06), respectively, in the northern states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In these 2 states, the relative odds of excretion of serotype 1 was 0.32 (95% CI, 0.26-0.41) after 5 doses of type 1 monovalent OPV. Conclusions. The mucosal immunity induced by OPV in India varies by location, serotype, and vaccine formulation. These findings have implications for global eradication and the potential role played by inactivated vaccine in this setting.
Authors: Ke Liang, Xien Gui, Yuan-Zhen Zhang, Ke Zhuang, Kathrine Meyers, David D Ho
The Journal of infectious diseases. 200(5):682-6.
We investigated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) via breast-feeding by 104 Chinese mothers who acquired the infection through blood transfusion postnatally. Of 106We investigated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) via breast-feeding by 104 Chinese mothers who acquired the infection through blood transfusion postnatally. Of 106 children, 38 (35.8%) were infected. All children survived to age 5 years, and their survival curve was similar to that of their mothers. These findings suggest a high rate of HIV-1 transmission via breast-feeding when mothers were infected postnatally via blood transfusion, perhaps because of the higher viremia expected during the acute phase of infection. The course of disease among infected children was significantly less rapid than that among newborns infected perinatally, suggesting that a brief window of HIV-1-free life often enables the immune system of an infant to stave off rapid disease progression.
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