Journal of Animal Science (J ANIM SCI)

Publications in this journal

• Article: Post partum deaths; piglet, placental, and umbilical characteristics

  V. Rootwelt, O. Reksen, W. Farstad, T.Framstad
  Journal of Animal Science 03/2013;
• Article: Comparison of four feed proteases for improvement of nutritive value of poultry feather meal

  M.B. Pedersen, S. Yu, P. Plumstead and S. Dalsgaard
  Journal of Animal Science 02/2013;
• Article: The influence of dietary locust bean gum and live yeast on some digestive immunological parameters of piglets experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli

  Badia R, Lizardo R, Martinez P, Badiola I, Brufau J
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  ABSTRACT: Gums and yeast cells are natural mannose-rich products that can be used as subtracts for adhesion of gram-negative bacteria. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of dietary locust bean gum (LBG; Salmosan, ITPSA, Spain) or live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc47; Actisaf, Lesaffre, France) as immunological enhancers of the intestinal function of piglets. Treatments included a noninfected group fed with a control diet and 4 other groups orally challenged with 1x10(8) cfu of Escherichia coli K88. The challenged groups were fed the control or the control diet supplemented with colistin, LBG, or yeast. Twenty-five Landrace × Duroc piglets weaned at 4 wk were used. The animals were group housed, challenged on day 14, and euthanized 2 d later. Blood, bile, ileum, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) samples were obtained for analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and 4 (TLR4). Challenge increased the level of CRP of piglets fed the control diet, but this did not happen in the piglets fed the supplemented diets (P < 0.001). Challenge upregulated TLR2 in MLN and TLR4 in ileum and MLN (P < 0.05). This was prevented by yeast supplementation for the TLR2 in MLN and TLR4 in ileum. Pigs fed colistin and LBG diets showed intermediate but nonsignificant responses. In conclusion, the results suggest that colistin, live yeast, and LBG reduce the levels of CRP in blood of piglets challenged with E. coli, and yeast reduces the expression of Toll-like receptors in the intestine.
  Journal of Animal Science 02/2013; 90(Suppl 4):260-262.
• Article: Early postnatal kinetics of colostral immunoglobulin G absorption in fed and fasted piglets and developmental expression of the intestinal immunoglobulin G receptor.

  Xi/Lin none Xi/Lin
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2013;
• Article: Early postnatal kinetics of colostral immunoglobulin G absorption in fed and fasted piglets and developmental expression of the intestinal immunoglobulin G receptor.

  Cabrera R, Lin X, Ashwell M, Moeser A, Odle J.
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  ABSTRACT: The transport of IgG across the epithelial barrier and into the circulation is achieved in part by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), and this provides passive immunity to the neonate. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time and feeding state on IgG absorption, intestinal morphology, and expression of IgG receptors in the first 24 h postbirth. Twenty newborn pigs were obtained immediately after birth and fitted with umbilical arterial catheters. Colostrum was manually collected from 12 lactating sows and centrifuged to produce defatted colostrum. Piglets were orally gavaged with 32 mL defatted colostrum per kilogram of BW (given in 2 doses 1 h apart) either at birth (0 h) or at 12 h postbirth under either fed (milk replacer) or fasted (saline solution) condition (n=5 per treatment). A fifth reference group (n=5) was euthanized at birth. Blood was collected every hour for the first 2 h immediately after the catheter was inserted and then every 4 h until 12 h (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h) for the treatment in which the defatted colostrum was given right after birth. For the treatment gavaged at 12 h postbirth, the sampling schedule was at 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, and 24 h. At 12 h postgavage, pigs were euthanized and jejunum tissues were collected for measurement of villi height, width, crypt depth, and gene expression of FcRn and β2-microglobulin (β2M) via reverse transcription PCR. Pig serum IgG concentration was determined by radial immunodiffusion. Data were analyzed according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (0 h-fed, 0 h-fasted, 12 h-fed, and 12 h-fasted). There was no interaction between the time (age) of offering defatted colostrum (0 vs. 12 h) and nutritional state (fed vs. fasted) for any of the measurements, and there were no differences between fed and fasted pigs. Serum IgG concentrations increased progressively with time. Piglets offered defatted colostrum at 0 h had greater (P<0.05) overall IgG absorption and greater (P<0.05) villi height than those offered defatted colostrum at 12 h postbirth. Abundance of mRNA of FcRn and β2M were normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Abundance of FcRn transcript was lower (P=0.006) in pigs euthanized at birth compared with those euthanized at 12 h of age. In conclusion, the effects of delayed offering of defatted colostrum and age-dependent changes in IgG receptor were modest over the first 24 h of life.
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2013; 91(1):211-218.
• Article: Differences in portal appearance of lysine and methionine in Iberian and Landrace pigs.

  L. Gonzalez-Valero, J.M. Rodriguez-Lopez, M. Lachica, I. Fernandez-Figares
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  ABSTRACT: Compared to modern breeds, Iberian pigs have lower rates of muscle protein deposition and greater viscera weight. Factors that limit growth performance of Iberian pigs are unknown. We hypothesized that differences in net portal appearance of the essential AA Lys and Met might partially explain the lower growth rate reported in Iberian pigs compared to modern breeds. Net portal appearance of AA was measured in 6 Iberian and 6 Landrace gilts (28 kg BW) fi tted with chronic catheters in the portal vein, carotid artery, and mesenteric vein. Blood samples were taken for 6 h after feeding 2 isoenergetic diets (14.0 to 14.5 MJ ME/kg DM) with low CP (LCP) and high CP (HCP) (13 vs. 16%, respectively) in a crossover design after a 1-wk adaptation. Net portal appearance of Lys was greater (P < 0.05) when pigs consumed the HCP than LCP diet (23 vs. 15 μmol/min); breeds did not differ. Net portal appearance of Met tended to be higher (P = 0.076) for pigs fed HCP than LCP diet (4.4 vs. 3.6 μmol/min); breeds did not differ. In conclusion, differences in portal appearance of Lys and Met did not exist between Iberian and Landrace pigs fed barley (Hordeum vulgare)–soybean (Glycine max) diets with low and high protein concentration.
  Journal of Animal Science 12/2012; 90:110-112.
• Article: V. Rootwelt*1, O. Reksen*, W. Farstad*, E. Bleken† and T. Framstad*. Relationships between blood parameters and weight gain the first day of life in two crossbred pigs and importance for survival. J Anim Sci. 2012 Apr; 90(4):1134-41. 2012

  V. Rootwelt, O. Reksen, W. Farstad, E. Bleken†, T. Framstad
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  ABSTRACT: Improving survival is a continuous objective in swine breeding. The aim of this study was to record 22 blood parameters and weight gain the first day of life in Landrace-Yorkshire-Duroc crossbred piglets and to find associations between these parameters and survival at weaning. All live piglets from 18 litters were weighed and blood sampled at birth and d1 and monitored to weaning at the age of 5 wk. A total of 261 piglets were born, of which 8.8% were stillborn. Additionally, 15.1% died before weaning. The blood parameters glucose, immunoglobulins, and white blood cells increased from birth to d1 (P < 0.001), whereas α1- and β1 globulin, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit decreased (P < 0.001). At birth, levels of lactate (P = 0.004), pH (P = 0.007), red blood cells (P = 0.017), hemoglobin (P = 0.018), and hematocrit (P = 0.052) were associated with survival to weaning. Also, levels of lactate increased (P = 0.030), and pH decreased (P < 0.001) when born in the last third of a litter. At d1, levels of glucose (P = 0.015), hemoglobin (P = 0.025) and weight gain (P = 0.001) were all decreased in piglets that did not survive to weaning. Weight gain also decreased (P = 0.005) when born in the last third of a litter. Level of immunoglobulin G at d1 was not associated with survival at weaning (P = 0.230), but decreased (P < 0.001) when born in the last third of a litter. We conclude that several blood parameters recorded at birth and d1, and weight gain at d1 were highly associated with survival at weaning, and that being born in the last third of the litter was less favorable with regard to vitality.
  Journal of Animal Science 04/2012;
• Article: Direct and associative effects for androstenone and genetic correlations with backfat and growth in entire male pigs

  Duijvesteijn N, Knol EF, Bijma P
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  ABSTRACT: In the pig industry, male piglets are surgically castrated early in life to prevent boar taint. Boar taint is mainly caused by androstenone and skatole. Androstenone (AND) is a pheromone that can be released from the salivary glands when the boar is sexually aroused. Boars are housed in groups and as a consequence boars can influence each other's phenotype by social interactions ((non-)heritable). The influence of these social interactions on AND are not well understood. The objective of this study is to investigate whether AND levels are affected by (non-) heritable social interactions and estimate its genetic correlation with growth rate and backfat. The dataset contained 6,245 boars, of which 4,455 had AND observations (68%). The average pen size was 7 and boars were housed in 899 unique pen-groups (boars within a single pen) and 344 unique compartment-groups (boars within a unique 'room' within a barn during time). Four models including different random effects were compared for AND. As random effects, direct genetic, associative (also known as social genetic or indirect genetic effects), group, compartment, common environment and residual effects were included in the full model (M3). Including random pen and compartment effects (M2) (non-heritable social effects) significantly improved the model compared to including only direct, common environment and residual as random effects (M1, p<0.001), and including associative effects even more (M3, p<0.001). The sum of the direct and associative variance components determines the total genetic variance of the trait. The associative effect explained 11.7% of the total genetic variance. Backfat thickness was analysed using M2 and growth using M3. The genetic correlation between backfat (direct genetic variance) and total genetic variance for AND was close to zero. Backfat and the direct and associative effects for AND had genetic correlations of 0.14±0.08 and -0.25±0.18, respectively. The genetic correlation between total genetic variances for growth rate and AND was 0.33±0.18. The genetic correlation between direct effects was 0.11±0.09 and between associative effects was 0.42±0.31. The genetic correlations and current selection towards lower backfat and higher growth rate, suggest that no major change in AND is expected when breeding goals are not changed. For selection against boar taint and therefore also against AND, results recommend that at least the social environment of the boars should be considered.
  Journal of Animal Science 02/2012;
• Article: The porcine gut microbial metagenomic library for mining novel cellulases established from growing pigs fed cellulose-supplemented high-fat diets

  Wang W, T. Archbold, M.S. Kimber, J. Li, J.S. Lam, M.Z. Fan
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2012;
• Article: The small intestinal apical hydrolase activities are decreased in the piglet with bowel inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate

  Lackeyram D, Y. Mine, T. Archbold, M.Z. Fan
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2012;
• Article: Behavioral changes in response to feeding pancreatic-like enzymes to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs

  . Pierzynowski S., Swieboda P., Filip R., Szwiec K., Valverde Piedra J. L., Grujic D., Prykhodko O., Fedkiv O., Kruszewska D., Botermans J., Svendsen J., Skibo G., Kovalenko T., Osadchenko I., Goncharova K., Ushakova G., Weström B.
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2012; 90:439-441.
• Article: The degradation of arabinoxylan-rich cell walls in digesta obtained from piglets fed wheat-based diets varies depending on digesta collection site, type of cereal, and source of exogenous xylanase

  Pedersen, N.R, Azem, Broz, Guggenbühl, Le, D.M, Fojan, D. Pettersson
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2012; 90:149-151.
• Article: Zinc oxide at low supplementation level improves productive performance and health status of piglets

  Carlos Piñeiro, Joaquin Morales, Stephan Durosoy
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2012; 10.2527/jas.53833:90:436-438..
• Article: Exogenous pancreatic-like enzymes are recovered in the gut and improve growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs.

  . Pierzynowski S., Szwiec K., Valverde Piedra J. L., Grujic D., Szymanczyk S., Swieboda P., Prykhodko O., Fedkiv O., Kruszewska D., Filip R., Botermans J., Svendsen J., Ushakova G., Kovalenko T., Osadchenko I., Goncharova K., Skibo G., Weström B.
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2012; 90:324-326.
• Article: Effects of dietary true digestible calcium to phosphorus ratio on growth performance and efficiency of calcium and phosphorus utilization in growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal-based diets

  Fan M.Z, C.F.M. de Lange, T. Archbold
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2012;
• Article: Responses of dietary ileal amino acid digestibility to consumption of different cultivars of potatoes and conventional fivers in grower pigs fed a high-fat basal diet

  Wang Q, X. Yang, S. Leonard, T. Archbold, J.A. Sullivan, A.M. Duncan, D.W.L Ma, B. Bizimungu, A. Murphy, J.K. Htoo, M.Z. Fan
  Journal of Animal Science 01/2012;