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The Archives of Oral Biology publishes papers concerned with advances in knowledge of every aspect of the oral and dental tissues and bone over the whole range of vertebrates, whether from the standpoint of anatomy, bacteriology, biophysics, chemistry, DNA biotechnology, epidemiology, genetics, immunology, molecular biology, palaentology, pathology, physiology or otherwise.
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Archives of oral biology
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0003-9969
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2484813
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Elsevier
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Publications in this journal
Authors: Jia Liang
Archives of Oral Biology.
Authors: Davidopoulou S, Diza E, Menexes G, Kalfas S
Archives of Oral Biology.
Authors: U. Zilberman, Sh. Zilberman, D. Keinan, E. Mass
Archives of Oral Biology. 55(55):907-9112.
Authors: Jeong-Kyu Oh, Jeong-Yun Lee, Hee-Kyung Park, Hong-Seop Kho
Archives of oral biology. 53(9):842-8.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether alpha-galactosidase activity is present in whole and glandular saliva and whether alpha-galactosidase activity depends on blood typeOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether alpha-galactosidase activity is present in whole and glandular saliva and whether alpha-galactosidase activity depends on blood type and secretor status. DESIGN: For the first experiments, 30 healthy participants (15 men, 15 women; mean age, 24.2+/-1.5 years) who were 10 A, 10 B, and 10 O blood type subjects were included. alpha-Galactosidase activity in unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was assayed by using 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-d-galactopyranoside as a substrate. Total protein concentration was determined by bicinchoninic acid assay. The secretor status of the blood group antigens was determined by immunoblotting. alpha-Galactosidase activity in UWS according to gender, blood type, secretor status, sample clarification, and buffer was investigated. Daily variations of alpha-galactosidase activity and alpha-galactosidase isozyme activity were also investigated. For the second experiments, 10 healthy blood type B participants (5 men, 5 women; mean age, 27.0+/-2.7 years) were enrolled. alpha-Galactosidase activity in whole and glandular saliva was investigated. RESULTS: alpha-Galactosidase activity was detected in UWS and was mainly isozyme A activity. There was no difference in alpha-galactosidase activity according to gender, blood type, and secretor status. alpha-Galactosidase activity in UWS was higher in unclarified samples than in clarified ones and showed wide daily variations. alpha-Galactosidase activity in whole saliva was significantly higher than that in glandular saliva. CONCLUSIONS: alpha-Galactosidase activity which is mainly isozyme A activity was detected in human whole and glandular saliva. alpha-Galactosidase activity in UWS did not differ according to blood type and secretor status.
Authors: Sun-Kyung Lee, Jun Lee, Seung-Ki Min, Dal-Ho Won, You-Mee Lee, Hyun-Dae Lim, Wan Lee, Hyun-Ock Pae, Hun-Taeg Chung, Chang-Duk Jun, Suk-Keun Lee, Eun-Cheol Kim
Archives of oral biology. 53(9):801-9.
Macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (MIP-3alpha or CCL20) is an intriguing molecule in cancer immunotherapy, but MIP-3alpha expression and signalling are not well understood in oral cancer cells.Macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (MIP-3alpha or CCL20) is an intriguing molecule in cancer immunotherapy, but MIP-3alpha expression and signalling are not well understood in oral cancer cells. We investigated CCL20 expression and signal transduction by treating immortalized human oral keratinocyte (IHOK) and oral cancer (HN4) cells with deferoxamine (DFO) and examined the mRNA expression of CCL20 using RT-PCR and ELISA. IHOK and HN4 cells treated with DFO showed increased mRNA and protein expression of CCL20, and the upregulation of DFO-induced CCL20 expression was higher in IHOK cells than in HN4 cells. Selective inhibitors of p38 and ERK1/2 abolished DFO-induced CCL20 expression in both IHOK and HN12 cells, and p38 and ERK1/2 inhibitors prevented DFO-induced degradation of I-kappaB and NF-kappaB activation. Activation of c-fos and c-jun also occurred following DFO treatment in IHOK and HN4 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that DFO-induced MIP-3alpha, which is involved in the MAP kinase, c-fos, c-jun, and NF-kappaB pathways, may be an important mediator of the antitumour immune response in oral keratinocytes and warrants consideration as a target molecule for oral cancer treatment.
Authors: Minoru Hata, Takeshi Ueki, Atsuko Sato, Hiroshi Kojima, Yoshihiko Sawa
Archives of oral biology. 53(9):835-41.
OBJECTIVE: Podoplanin is one of the most highly expressed lymphatic-specific genes. Here, we report the distribution of cells expressing podoplanin in mouse salivary glands. DESIGN: WeOBJECTIVE: Podoplanin is one of the most highly expressed lymphatic-specific genes. Here, we report the distribution of cells expressing podoplanin in mouse salivary glands. DESIGN: We immunohistochemically investigated the distribution of cells expressing podoplanin in mouse major salivary glands by laser-scanning microscopy. The expression of endothelial cell marker PECAM-1 was tested to discriminate lymphatic endothelium from salivary gland cells, and myoepithelial cells were identified by an antibody for P-cadherin. RESULTS: The podoplanin expression was rarely found in acini of the parotid gland but clearly found at the basal portion of acini in the submandibular and sublingual glands. The number of portion reacted with anti-podoplanin is greater in the sublingual gland than in the submandibular gland. The expression was also found at the basal portion of ducts in all major salivary glands. The P-cadherin expression was rarely found in acini of the parotid gland but found in acini of the sublingual gland and on ducts in parotid and sublingual glands, corresponding to the area of podoplanin expression. CONCLUSIONS: It was suggested that the acinar and myoepithelial cells in the salivary glands have the ability to express podoplanin, and that the expression may be concerned with the mucous saliva excretion.
Authors: A Avşar, O Darka, B Topaloğlu, Y Bek
Archives of oral biology. 53(10):969-74.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between passive smoking, as determined by salivary cotinine level, and caries, salivary pH, buffering capacity, flow rate and microbiological counts in youngOBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between passive smoking, as determined by salivary cotinine level, and caries, salivary pH, buffering capacity, flow rate and microbiological counts in young children. DESIGN: Ninety passive smokers (PS) with a mean age of 5.02 years and 90 healthy age-matched controls were included in this study. Family income, smoking habits of household members, parental education levels, child's tooth-brushing habit and child's daily dietary sugar exposure were recorded by questionnaire. Three categories were formed with respect to the number of cigarettes smoked. A dmft score was calculated according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. The children were also investigated for stimulated salivary cotinine level, pH, flow rate, buffering capacity and salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli colonisation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in tooth-brushing habit, sugar exposure, family income and parental education levels between the two groups (P>0.05). The mean cotinine level of the PS subjects was 1.58+/-4.3ng/ml. The dmft scores, and salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli colonisation in PS children were significantly higher than in the control subjects (P<0.05). Statistically significant decreases in salivary pH, flow rate and buffering capacity were found in the PS subjects (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PS children are at increased risk of caries compared with control subjects.
Authors: Cristiane S R Fonteles, Milene H Guerra, Thyciana R Ribeiro, Danielle N Mendonça, Cibele B M de Carvalho, André J Monteiro, Daniela O Toyama, Marcos H Toyama, Manasses C Fonteles
Archives of oral biology.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify the free amino acid content in whole saliva of children with (CE) and without early childhood caries (CF) (ECC), correlating these findingsOBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify the free amino acid content in whole saliva of children with (CE) and without early childhood caries (CF) (ECC), correlating these findings with caries experience and mutans streptococci (MS) levels in saliva. DESIGN: Seventy-eight healthy children, both genders, 6-71 months age, were selected to participate in the study. Following examination for dmft scores calculation, unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all 78 participants, stored at -80 degrees C, and used for amino acid analysis, on a Biochem 20 plus amino acid analyzer. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 52 children, transported, diluted and plated on MSB agar medium for detection of MS in cfu/mL. RESULTS: Forty different free amino acids were identified in whole saliva, with great variation in their concentration. A statistically significant relation was found between caries experience and the presence of free proline and glycine. While proline (p=0.0182) was more frequently absent in the CF group, the absence of glycine (p=0.0397) was more often observed in the CE group. In the presence of higher levels of MS, free glycine reduced the risk of experiencing dental caries (p=0.0419). Conversely, the presence of proline was found to increase the risk of experiencing the disease (p=0.0492). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of free proline and absence of free glycine in children with ECC, highly contaminated with MS, increased the chances of experiencing dental caries in the present population. Further studies are needed to better understand this phenomenon.
Authors: R N Smith, C Elcock, A Abdellatif, B Bäckman, J M Russell, A H Brook
Archives of oral biology.
AIMS: To enhance the phenotypic description and quantification of enamel defects from a North Sweden sample of extracted and exfoliated teeth originating from families with Amelogenesis Imperfecta byAIMS: To enhance the phenotypic description and quantification of enamel defects from a North Sweden sample of extracted and exfoliated teeth originating from families with Amelogenesis Imperfecta by use of the extended enamel defects index (EDI) and image analysis to demonstrate the comparable reliability and value of the additional measurements. METHODS AND RESULTS: The sample comprised 109 deciduous and 7 permanent teeth from 32 individuals of 19 families with Amelogenesis Imperfecta in Northern Sweden. A special holder for individual teeth was designed and the whole sample was examined using the extended EDI and an image analysis system. In addition to the extended EDI definitions, the calibrated images were measured for tooth surface area, defect area and percentage of surface affected using image analysis techniques. The extended EDI was assessed using weighted and unweighted Kappa statistics. The reliability of imaging and measurement was determined using Fleiss' intra-class correlation coefficient (ICCC). Kappa values indicated good or excellent intra-operator repeatability and inter-operator reproducibility for the extended EDI. The Fleiss ICCC values indicated excellent repeatability for the image analysis measurements. Hypoplastic pits on the occlusal surfaces were the most frequent defect in this sample (82.6%). The occlusal surface displayed the most post-eruptive breakdown (39.13%) whilst the incisal portion of the buccal surfaces showed most diffuse opacities (53.4%). Image analysis methods demonstrated the largest mean hypoplastic pit areas were on the lingual surfaces. The largest mean post-eruptive breakdown areas were on the lingual surfaces of posterior teeth. The largest mean demarcated opacity areas were found on the labial surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The extended EDI and the standardised image acquisition and analysis system provided additional information to conventional measurement techniques. Additional phenotypic variables were described.
Authors: I Tomás, M C Cousido, M Tomás, J Limeres, L García-Caballero, P Diz
Archives of oral biology.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the in vivo antimicrobial activity on the salivary flora of a single mouthrinse of chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate, analysing the influence of its concentration (0.2% versusOBJECTIVES: To evaluate the in vivo antimicrobial activity on the salivary flora of a single mouthrinse of chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate, analysing the influence of its concentration (0.2% versus 0.12%). METHODS: The study group was formed of 20 adult volunteers with a good oral health status. Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected under basal conditions and at 30s and 1h after a single mouthrinse with sterile water, 0.2% or 0.12% CHX digluconate. Serial dilutions were then performed and the resulting samples were cultured on conventional culture media for aerobes/facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes. The number of colony forming units (CFU/ml) was then determined and the results expressed on a decimal log scale (log(10)CFU/ml). RESULTS: A significant reduction in the total bacterial population was observed at 30s and 1h after the mouthrinse with both CHX concentrations; this antimicrobial activity was more pronounced on the obligate anaerobes. The antimicrobial activity of 0.2% CHX on the salivary flora at 30s and 1h after the mouthrinse was significantly greater than that of 0.12% CHX. Only 0.2% CHX showed bactericidal activity (differential factor>/=3log(10)CFU/ml) against salivary obligate anaerobes. CONCLUSION: The greater antimicrobial activity of 0.2% CHX confirms the influence of the concentration on its antibacterial activity. In consequence, the CHX concentration seems to be an important factor to guarantee a high antibacterial activity in those clinical situations where it is required.
Authors: Lene Baad-Hansen, Setsuhiro Hara, Yoshitsugu Marumo, Timothy Miles, Peter Svensson
Archives of oral biology.
We examined the effect of a standardized painful stimulus on the surface EMG-activity of the human jaw-closing muscles at rest and during two levels of jaw opening. Sixteen healthy women participatedWe examined the effect of a standardized painful stimulus on the surface EMG-activity of the human jaw-closing muscles at rest and during two levels of jaw opening. Sixteen healthy women participated in two experimental sessions. In randomized order, hypertonic saline (HS: 5.8%) was infused into the left masseter muscle on one occasion, and isotonic saline (IS: 0.9%) on the other. The subjects scored the pain intensity continuously on a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS). The subjects were asked to hold the jaw in three different positions (rest, half-maximal, and maximal opening). Before, during, and after infusion, the EMG-activity was recorded from the masseter and temporalis muscles with the jaw in each of the three positions. HS induced significantly higher pain-levels than IS (mean VAS: HS: 5.2+/-1.3, IS: 0.7+/-0.2, P<0.05). At rest, the EMG-activity in most of the jaw muscles increased significantly during both infusions (P<0.05). At half-maximal opening, the EMG-activity in the infused muscle increased significantly with both HS and IS (P<0.05). At maximal opening, the EMG-activity during infusion of HS decreased significantly in the right masseter and temporalis (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the position of the jaw at rest during infusions. However, the vertical opening distance was significantly decreased during infusion of HS at half-maximal and maximal opening (P<0.05). Conclusions: It is concluded that experimental pain affects EMG-activity differentially in jaw-closing muscles in different opening positions of the jaw.
Authors: N Callahan, A Modesto, R Meira, F Seymen, A Patir, A R Vieira
Archives of oral biology.
Tooth agenesis is a common congenital disorder that affects almost 20% of the world's population. A number of different genes have been shown to be associated with cases of tooth agenesis includingTooth agenesis is a common congenital disorder that affects almost 20% of the world's population. A number of different genes have been shown to be associated with cases of tooth agenesis including AXIN2, IRF6, FGFR1, MSX1, PAX9, and TGFA. Of particular interest is AXIN2, which was linked to two families segregating oligodontia and colorectal cancer. We studied two collections of families affected with tooth agenesis and tested them for association with AXIN2. Significant association between tooth agenesis and AXIN2 was found (p=0.02) in cases with at least one missing incisor. Our work further supports a role of AXIN2 in human tooth agenesis and for the first time suggests AXIN2 is involved in sporadic forms of common incisor agenesis. Future studies should identify which specific tooth agenesis sub-phenotypes are consequence of AXIN2 genetic variations. A sub-set of these cases could have an increased susceptibility for colon cancer or other types of tumours and this knowledge would have significant clinical implications.
Authors: Agnès Bodineau, Bernard Coulomb, Antonio C Tedesco, Sylvie Séguier
Archives of oral biology.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory cell subset proportions in the upper gingival connective tissue, including mature dendritic cells (DC) in elderly and youngerOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory cell subset proportions in the upper gingival connective tissue, including mature dendritic cells (DC) in elderly and younger patients with generalized chronic periodontitis in order to further understand the effect of aging on gingival inflammatory phenomenon. METHODS: Gingival tissue specimens presenting chronic periodontitis from 8 elderly patients aged >75 (test group, group T) and from 8 younger patients aged 50-60 (considered as controls, group C) were analysed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against CD45RB, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD68, DC-SIGN, DC-LAMP molecules. The number of each immunolabelled cells subset was counted using image analysis. RESULTS: The difference in the number of CD45RB+leucocytes in the upper gingival connective tissue between groups was not significant permitting to use it as reference. As compared to group C, the lymphocyte subsets/CD45RB+leucocytes ratios tended to decrease in group T but the decrease was significant only for CD4+T lymphocytes/CD45RB+cells ratio (p<0.03). On the opposite, the ratios of antigen-presenting cells DC-SIGN+cells/CD45RB+cells and DC-LAMP+cells/CD45RB+cells were significantly increased (p<0.03 and <0.0001, respectively) in group T. Moreover, in group T the DC-LAMP+cells/DC-SIGN+cells ratio was significantly increased (p<0.05) showing an increased number of matured dendritic cells. CONCLUSION: During chronic periodontitis in elderly patients, our results show a decrease in the ratio of gingival CD4+lymphocyte subset associated with an increase in the ratios of antigen-presenting cells subsets and more particularly maturated DC-LAMP+dendritic cells.
Authors: H Nur Özdabak, Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu, Nilgün Akgül, Fevzi Polat, Nilgün Seven
Archives of oral biology.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of amalgam restorations on plasma mercury levels and total antioxidant activities (TAA). DESIGN: The study was comprised of 48 subjects ranging in age fromOBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of amalgam restorations on plasma mercury levels and total antioxidant activities (TAA). DESIGN: The study was comprised of 48 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 32 years. Of these, 33 had dental amalgam restorations and 15 had no dental amalgam restorations. In those patients with amalgams, the total number of amalgam restorations and surfaces were counted, and the total and occlusal areas (mm(2)) of restorations were measured using a Counting Measurement Machine. Blood samples were collected from all participants. Plasma mercury levels were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and Hydride System, and plasma TAA levels were measured using an Antioxidant Assay Kit. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 10.01 software program. Data was evaluated by t test and correlation analysis. RESULTS: Plasma mercury (P-Hg) levels were found to be significantly higher in subjects with amalgam restorations when compared to subjects without amalgams (p<0.01); the differences in P-TAA levels between subjects with and without amalgams were not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). No significant correlations were found between P-Hg concentrations and P-TAA levels (p>0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between P-Hg concentrations and the number of amalgam restorations (p<0.01), number of amalgam surfaces (p<0.05), total amalgam surface area (p<0.05) and amalgam occlusal surface area (p<0.01). However, no significant correlations were found between these parameters and P-TAA (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study showed that dental amalgams are a major source of plasma mercury; however, amalgam restorations were not found to have a significant effect on plasma-total antioxidant activities.
Authors: Masako Yoshimatsu, Masataka Uehara, Noriaki Yoshida
Archives of oral biology. 53(9):890-5.
The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells duringThe aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells during orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse model. An orthodontic appliance was set between the upper incisors and the upper left first molar. The mice were killed 2, 6 and 10 days after initiation of orthodontic tooth movement. Computer-assisted image analysis was used to compare the quantitative expression of HSP47 in the PDL. HSP47 expression was significantly higher on the tension side 2 days after application of the appliance, whereas no significant change was observed on the pressure side at any time point. Furthermore, the PCNA labelling indices of PDL cells were increased significantly on the tension side 6 and 10 days after application of the appliance, and on the pressure side 2, 6 and 10 days after application of the appliance. These data suggest that collagen is metabolised predominantly on the tension side, and that PDL cells actively proliferate on both the tension and pressure sides during orthodontic tooth movement.
Authors: Mona Aly Abbassy, Ippei Watari, Kunimichi Soma
Archives of oral biology. 53(9):819-25.
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on the craniofacial growth and skeletal maturation using the STZ-DM rat model. DESIGN: Experimental T1DMOBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on the craniofacial growth and skeletal maturation using the STZ-DM rat model. DESIGN: Experimental T1DM was induced in 3-week-old male Wistar rats by a single dose of 60mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin (STZ). Lateral and dorsoventral X-rays of the head were taken at the age of 7 weeks. The X-rays were scanned, digitised and selected linear distances were measured and analysed statistically. RESULTS: In STZ-DM statistical analysis of results revealed a reduction in growth of most of the linear measurements in the neurocranium and mandible by X-ray analysis, and all measurements were significantly lower in viscerocranium. CONCLUSIONS: Uncontrolled T1DM reduces craniofacial growth, resulting in retardation of skeletal development.
Authors: Kyaw Moe, Päivi Kettunen, Inger Hals Kvinnsland, Keijo Luukko
Archives of oral biology. 53(9):865-73.
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to study the development of pioneer sympathetic innervation of dental pulp of mouse mandibular first molar. DESIGN: We used double fluorescent immunohistochemistry withOBJECTIVE: Our goal was to study the development of pioneer sympathetic innervation of dental pulp of mouse mandibular first molar. DESIGN: We used double fluorescent immunohistochemistry with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and anti-medium-chain neurofilament (2H3) antibodies to detect sympathetic and sensory nerve fibres. Serial sections of whole teeth from postnatal days (PN) 0-14, trigeminal and sympathetic superior cervical ganglia of PN 15 mice were examined with confocal microscope. RESULTS: There were two main findings. The unexpected finding was that 2H3 antibody was specific only for sensory nerve fibres and neurons and failed to stain either sympathetic nerve fibres or neurons. The main finding was that although both sympathetic and sensory nerve fibres were already seen near the tooth germ at the newborn stage, the pioneer sympathetic nerve fibres were first observed in the dental pulp only after the onset of root formation on day 9, in contrast to sensory nerve fibres which entered the tooth already on day 4. CONCLUSION: Pioneer sympathetic innervation of dental pulp starts on postnatal day 9 and follows sensory innervation. This indicates differential developmental regulation of the initial sensory and sympathetic innervation of teeth and provides essential background data for further studies on the molecular regulation of pulp innervation.
Authors: Sumio Nishikawa
Archives of oral biology. 53(9):859-64.
AM1-43 can label sensory nerve fibres and sensory neurons. Permeation of non-selective cation channels of the nerve cell membrane is suggested to be the mechanism responsible for labelling. ToAM1-43 can label sensory nerve fibres and sensory neurons. Permeation of non-selective cation channels of the nerve cell membrane is suggested to be the mechanism responsible for labelling. To identify these channels, two candidates, TRPV1 and TRPV2 were examined by immunocytochemistry in the dental pulp and trigeminal ganglion of rats injected with AM1-43. A part of AM1-43-labelled nerve fibres was also positive for anti-TRPV2 antibody but negative for anti-TRPV1 antibody in the dental pulp. In the trigeminal ganglion, a part of the neuron showed both bright AM1-43 labelling and anti-TRPV2 immunolabelling, but neurons double labelled with AM1-43 and TRPV1 were rare. These results suggest that TRPV2 channels, but not TRPV1 channels, contribute to the fluorescent labelling of AM1-43 in the dental pulp.
Authors: Li Zhu, Katoro Tanimoto, Sarah Robinsin, James Chen, Ewa Witkowska, Steve Hall, Thuan Le, Pamela K DenBesten, Wu Li
Archives of oral biology. 53(8):785-90.
INTRODUCTION: Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) is a predominant enzyme for the progressive processing of enamel extracellular matrix protein components (primarily amelogenin) during the earlyINTRODUCTION: Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20) is a predominant enzyme for the progressive processing of enamel extracellular matrix protein components (primarily amelogenin) during the early stages of enamel formation. So far, the recombinant porcine, mouse and bovine MMP-20 have been cloned and used extensively in the researches of tooth enamel development. The homology of these MMP-20s to human MMP-20 is approximately 80%. The effect of sequence differences on the properties of these enzymes is poorly understood even though they have been used to hydrolyse amelogenins from different species. OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to compare the characteristics between recombinant human MMP-20 (rhMMP-20) and bovine MMP-20 (rbMMP-20). DESIGN: rhMMP-20 and rbMMP-20 were parallelly expressed, purified and activated. The SDS-PAGE, zymography and quenched peptide assay were used for characterization and comparisons. RESULTS: Both proteases were activated by autocatalysis in a similar pattern of fragmentation. Dynamically, rbMMP-20 autoactivated faster and digested a fluorescence-quenched peptide Mca-PLGL-Dpa-AR, a non-amelogenin substrate, more efficiently than rhMMP-20. However, rhMMP-20 showed higher enzymatic activity for a human amelogenin substrate and in addition, it created an extra cleavage site at its C-terminus. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in their catalytic properties and substrate specificities may be attributed to the sequence divergence of MMP-20 between species, especially in the hinge region.
Authors: P Baca, A M Castillo, A P Baca, M J Liébana, P Junco, J Liébana
Archives of oral biology. 53(8):751-4.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether genotypes of Streptococcus mutans strain can be detected as effectively in saliva samples as in plaque samples from buccal surfaces andOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether genotypes of Streptococcus mutans strain can be detected as effectively in saliva samples as in plaque samples from buccal surfaces and occlusal surface fissures of permanent first molars. DESIGN: The study included 20 school children aged 6-7 years who were positive for mutans streptococci. Samples of stimulated saliva and of dental plaque on buccal surfaces and occlusal surface fissures of permanent first molars were collected. Samples were cultivated in MSB agar. Up to nine isolates compatible with mutans streptococci were obtained and identified by means of biochemical tests. All isolates identified as S. mutans were genotyped by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A total of 28 genotypes of S. mutans were isolated: 23 in saliva samples, 23 in buccal surface plaque samples, and 16 in plaque samples from occlusal surface fissures. CONCLUSIONS: Although, saliva sampling did not reveal all genotypes isolated, it was equally as effective as plaque sampling from the buccal surfaces of permanent first molars, and more effective than plaque sampling from fissures on their occlusal surfaces.
Authors: Christian Hannig, Bettina Spitzmüller, Stefan Knausenberger, Wiebke Hoth-Hannig, Elmar Hellwig, Matthias Hannig
Archives of oral biology. 53(9):849-58.
AIM: Peroxidase is the main salivary antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to detect and to characterise peroxidase in the in situ enamel pellicle. METHODS: Bovine enamel slabs were fixed onAIM: Peroxidase is the main salivary antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to detect and to characterise peroxidase in the in situ enamel pellicle. METHODS: Bovine enamel slabs were fixed on maxillary splints and carried by six subjects for different times (3, 30 and 120min) on buccal and palatal sites. Pellicle bound peroxidase activity was determined fluorimetrically using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin as a substrate. The peroxidase molecules present in the pellicle were visualised with the gold-immunolabelling technique and evaluated by TEM. Furthermore, effects of polyphenols and hydrogen peroxide on peroxidase and its enzymatic activity were examined. RESULTS: All pellicles which were tested revealed peroxidase activity and labelled peroxidase molecules were detected in all samples. The numbers of gold-labelled peroxidase molecules detectable in cross-sections of the pellicles were correlated significantly with the pellicle formation time. After 3min, 0.50+/-1.01 labelled molecules were detected (30min: 1.42+/-1.98; 120min: 4.15+/-4.13, ANOVA, p<0.001). The mean immobilised peroxidase activity exposed at the surface amounted to 24.4+/-27.7mU/cm(2); no continuous increase of activity with formation time was found. Hydrogen peroxide and polyphenolic beverages inactivated peroxidase activity of the pellicle. Despite these inhibiting effects, considerable amounts of peroxidase molecules were still detectable by gold-immunolabelling. After contact with the inhibiting agents in situ, peroxidase activity of the pellicle reconstituted slowly. CONCLUSION: Peroxidase activity is present in the pellicle already after 3min of formation time, but is inhibited by the substrate and polyphenolic beverages.
Authors: Antonio Rosas, Markus Bastir, Jose Antonio Alarcón, Kazuto Kuroe
Archives of oral biology. 53(9):826-34.
OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that midline basicranial orientation and posterior cranial base length are discriminating factors between adults of different populations and its potentialOBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that midline basicranial orientation and posterior cranial base length are discriminating factors between adults of different populations and its potential maxillo/mandibular disharmonies. DESIGN: Twenty-nine 2D landmarks of the midline cranial base, the face and the mandible of dry skull X-rays from three major populations (45 Asians, 34 Africans, 64 Europeans) were digitized and analysed by geometric morphometrics. We used, first, MANOVA to test for mean shape differences between populations; then, principal components analysis (PCA) to assess the overall variation in the sample and finally, canonical variate analysis (CVA) with jack-knife validations (N=1000) to analyse the anatomical features that best distinguished among populations. RESULTS: Significant mean shapes differences were shown between populations (P<0.001). CVA revealed two significant axes of discrimination (P<0.001). Jack-knife validation correctly identified 92% of 15,000 unknowns. In Africans the whole cranial base is rotated into a forward-downward position, while in Asians it is rotated in the opposite way. The Europeans occupied an intermediate position. African and Asian samples showed a maxillo/mandibular prognathism. African prognathism was produced by an anterior positioned maxilla, Asian prognathism by retruded anterior cranial base and increase of the posterior cranial base length. Europeans showed a trend towards retracted mandibles with relatively shorter posterior cranial bases. CONCLUSIONS: The results supported the hypothesis that basicranial orientation and posterior cranial base length are valid factors to distinguish between geographic groups. The whole craniofacial configuration underlying a particular maxillo-facial disharmony must be considered in diagnosis, growth predictions and resulting treatment planning.
Authors: J W Von den Hoff, M Delatte
Archives of oral biology. 53(8):709-15.
The mandibular condyle is an important growth site in the developing mandible. The growth of the condyle is known to be highly adaptable to functional factors. This property is exploited inThe mandibular condyle is an important growth site in the developing mandible. The growth of the condyle is known to be highly adaptable to functional factors. This property is exploited in orthodontics for the treatment of class II malocclusions and mandibular asymmetries. However, there is an ongoing debate on the efficacy of functional appliances. The comparison of experimental studies is complicated by the lack of detailed analyses of the load distribution within the condyle. In spite of this, there is a large body of evidence showing that mechanical manipulation of the condyle induces metabolic changes, and changes in the expression of growth factors and other signalling molecules. This review aims to give an overview of the role of growth factors in the condyle with special emphasis on their responsiveness to mechanical perturbation.
Authors: Clarice Field, Qing Li, Wei Li, Michael Swain
Archives of oral biology.
The quantification of biomechanical response of mandibular bone to mastication is an integral component for a key in understanding the biological consequence of masticatory functions. UnderstandingThe quantification of biomechanical response of mandibular bone to mastication is an integral component for a key in understanding the biological consequence of masticatory functions. Understanding the response of mandibular bone to external loading may also well explain the mechanisms of bone turnover. In this study, three finite element (FE) models simulating the lower second premolar, first and second molars along with their supporting structures were developed to determine stress/strain levels and distribution under different occlusal loading. The changes in stress/strain values and profiles have been investigated in three scenarios: pre-extraction of the lower first molar, post-extraction and after full healing of the extracted socket. The mastication induced equivalent strains within the supporting mandibular bone at each of these three scenarios were quantified and compared against the Frost's mechanostat theory. The results of stress/strain profiles show considerably lower magnitudes in the post-extracted and healed scenarios compared with the pre-extraction case. Following the Frost's MES hypothesis, the initial equivalent strains are related to local bone remodelling. It is found that in the extracted case the bone near the tooth socket undergoes resorption from lingual respect whilst filling the cavity, whereas in the healed case bone turnover reaches equilibrium. The results provide important data for clinical assessment of constructing dentures or other restorative devices.
Authors: K Nagata, S Itoh, A Tsuboi, Y Takafuji, T Tabata, M Watanabe
Archives of oral biology.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the response properties of incisor- and molar-sensitive periodontal mechanosensitive (PM) neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of rabbit and the activities of the molar-sensitiveOBJECTIVE: To examine the response properties of incisor- and molar-sensitive periodontal mechanosensitive (PM) neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of rabbit and the activities of the molar-sensitive PM neurons during the grinding-like jaw movement. DESIGN: Discharges of PM units were recorded from the trigeminal ganglion with a microelectrode. The grinding-like jaw movement was induced by repetitive electrical stimulation of the cortical masticatory area. RESULTS: Upper-incisor (UI) and upper-molar (UM) units were recorded from the rostromedial area of the trigeminal ganglion, and lower-incisor (LI) and lower-molar (LM) units were distributed in the caudolateral area. Most PM units were responsive to only one tooth, slowly adapting ones and responded to tooth stimulation of a force of less than 0.05N. The optimal stimulus direction for most UI units was labio-lingual, axial or linguo-labial, and that for most LI units was linguo-labial or axial. The optimal stimulus direction of anterior UM and LM units was oriented predominantly mesio-distal or axial. The maximum frequency of spike discharges for UM units for which the optimal stimulus direction was axial or bucco-lingual was in the middle period of the grinding phase. However, UM units for which the optimal stimulus direction was mesio-distal or linguo-buccal were fired mostly in the early period. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal sensory information in the grinding phase of jaw movement is transmitted by PM neurons with various response properties encoding the magnitude and direction of a force at least, in a weaker range of force than a saturating response level.
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